The incursions of the Goths, and other barbarous nations, disordered the affairs of the Roman empire. Arbuthnot. Ashley had been removed from that charge, and was thereby so much disobliged, that he quitted the king's party. There can be no malice, and consequently no crime L'Estrange. or disobligation. Clarendon. Those, though in highest place, who slight and disoblige their friends, shall infallibly come to know the value of them, by having none when they shall South. most need them. If a woman suffers her lover to see she is loth to disoblige him, let her beware of an encroacher. Clarissa. My plan has given offence to some gentlemen, whom it would not be very safe to disoblige. Addison's Guardian. We love and esteem our clergy, and are apt to lay some weight upon their opinion, and would not willingly disoblige them. Swift concerning the Sacramental Test. Peremptoriness can befit no form of understanding it renders wise men disobliging and troublesome, and fools ridiculous and contemptible. : Government of the Tongue. DISORB'ED, adj. Dis and orb. Thrown out of the proper orbit. Fly like chidden Mercury from Jove, Shakspeare. Troilus and Cressida. DISORDER, v. a. & n. s.“ DISORDERED, adj. DISORDEREDNESS, n, s. DISORDERLY, adv. ment; ruffle; discompose. Fr. desordre. Dis and order. To disturb ; throw out of arrange We behaved not ourselves disorderly among you. 2 Thess. By that disorderedness of the soldiers, a great adKnolles. vantage was offered unto the enemy. Here do you keep a hundred knights and squires Men so disordered, so debauched and bold, That this our court, infected with their manners, Shews like a riotous inn. Shakspeare. King Lear. Naked savages fighting disorderly with stones, by appointment of their commanders, may truly and Raleigh. absolutely be said to war. He is one that seldome takes care for old age, because ill diet and disorder, together with a consumption, or some worse disease, taken up in his full career, have onely chalked out his catastrophe but to a colon. Micrologia, 1629. home. Many a brave fellow, who has put his enemy to flight in the field, has been in the utmost disorder upon making a speech before a body of his friends at Hughes. DISORD'INATE, adj. Į Dis and ordinate. DISORD'INATELY, adv. Not living by rules of virtue; inordinate. These not disordinate, yet causeless suffer The punishment of dissolute days. Milton. Agonistes. DISO'RIENTATED, adj. Dis and orient. Turned from the east; turned from the right direction; thrown out of the proper place. Andrew Marvel uses the word disoccidentated instead of disorientated: Geneva had disoccidentated Dr. A. Rees. our geographer.' DISO'WN, v. a. Dis and own. To deny; not to allow; renounce. Then they, who brother's better claim disown, Expel their parents, and usurp the throne. Dryden's Eneid. When an author has publickly disowned a spurious piece, they have disputed his name with him. Swift. DISORGANIZE, v. a. Į Fr. desorganiser, DISORGANIZATION, n. s. dis and organize. To derange a system in its parts; subversion of system or order. A modern word altogether. These disorganizing principles spread rapidly, and, had not the contagion been interrupted by the war with France, the consequences would have been far more serious to England. Thomas. DISPA'ND, v. a. I Lat. dispando. To disDISPA'NSION, n. s. play; spread abroad; the act of displaying or spreading. DISPARAGEMENT. DISPARAGE, v. a. Ital. dispareggiare, DISPARAGER, n. s. from Lat. dispar, unfit, and agere, to do; Minsheu. To match or compare for the worse; to depreciate by comparison; to treat contemptuously. Gentle knight, That doth against the dead his hand uprear, Yet doe not sdeigne to let thy name be writt Id. Sonnets. Reason is a weak, diminutive light, compared to revelation, but it ought to be no disparagement to a star that it is not a sun. South. His religion sat easily, naturally, and gracefully upon him, without any of those forbidding appearances which sometimes disparage the actions of men sincerely pious. Atterbury. DISPA'RATES, M. s. From Lat. disparata. DISPARITY, n. s. Things so unlike that they cannot be compared with each other; inequality. Between Elihu and the rest of Job's familiars, the greatest disparity was but in years. Hooker. DISPART, in gunnery, is the mark set upor the muzzle ring of a piece of ordnance, so that a sight-line, taken upon the top of the base ring, against the touch-hole, by the mark set on or near the muzzle, may be parallel to the axis of the concave cylinder. The common way of doing this is, to take the two diameters of the base-ring, and of the place where the dispart is to stand, and divide the difference between them into two equal parts, one of which will be the length of the dispart, which is set on the gun with wax or pitch, or fastened there with a piece of twine or marline. By means of an instrument it may be done with great nicety. DISPA'SSION, n.s. From dis and pasDISPA'SSIONATE, adj. sion. Freedom from DISPA'SSIONATED, adj. mental perturbation; exemption from passion. Wise and dispassionate men thought he had been proceeded with very justly. Clarendon. What is called by the Stoicks apathy, or dispassion, is called by the Scepticks indisturbance, by the Molinists quietism, by common men peace of conscience. Temple. When the spirit brings light unto our minds, it dispels darkness; we see it, as we do that of the sun at noon, and need not the twilight of reason to shew it. Locke. DISPENCE', n. s. Fr. dispence. Expense; cost; charge; profusion. It was a vault ybuilt for great dispence, With many ranges reared along the wall, And one great chimney, whose long funnel thence The smoke forth threw. Faerie Queene. DISPEND', ". a. Lat. dispendo. To spend; to consume; to expend. Of their commodities they were now scarce able to dispend the third part. Spenser's State of Ireland. DISPENSE', v. a. & n. s. DISPENSARY, n.s. DISPENSATION, DISPENSA TOR, DISPENSATORY. Fr. dispenser; Span. despensar ; Ital. and Lat. dis pensare, from dis, diversely, and pendo, to weigh out money. To deal out; distribute by rule or measure: hence to excuse, or suspend compliance with a rule; and to set free from obligation. A dispensary is, strictly, a place where medicines are weighed or dealt out; a dispensatory a book prescribing them; dispensation, a rule of dealing between God and man; distribution hence, permission to do what may have been forbidden. So a man gesse us as mynystris of Crist, and dispenderis of the mynysteries of God. Now it is sought among the dispenderis that a man be foundun trwve. Wiclif. i. Cor. 4. One loving howre For many years of sorrow can dispence. Spenser. Faerie Queene. Hast thou not sworn allegiance unto me? Canst thou dispense with heaven for such an oath? Shakspeare. How few kingdoms are there, wherein, by dispensing with oaths, absolving subjects from allegiance, and cursing, or threatening to curse, as long as their curses were regarded, the popes have not wrought innumerable mischiefs. Raleigh. As her majesty hath made them dispensators of her favour towards her people, so it behoveth them to shew themselves equal distributers of the same. Bacon. The description of the ointment is found in the chymical dispensatory. Id. Natural History. God delights in the ministries of his own choice, and the methods of grace, in the economy of heaven, and the dispensations of eternal happiness. Taylor's Worthy Communicant. Royal bounties Are great and gracious, while they are dispensed Those now that were dispensed At length the muses stand restored again, While you dispense the laws, and guide the state. Dryden. To thee the loved dispensary I resign. Garth. Neither are God's methods or intentions different in his dispensations to each private man. Rogers. Do thou, my soul, the destined period wait, When God shall solve the dark decrees of fate; His now unequal dispensations clear, And make all wise and beautiful appear. Tickell. Our materia medica is large enough; and, to look into our dispensatories, one would think no disease incurable. Baker. I could not dispense with myself from making a voyage to Caprea. Addison on Italy. Those to whom Christ has committed the dispensing of his gospel. Decay of Piety. This perpetual circulation is constantly promoted by a dispensation of water promiscuously and indifferently to all parts of the earth. Woodward's Natural History. Those who stand before earthly princes, who are the dispensers of their favours, and conveyors of their will to others, challenge high honours. Atterbury. His peculiar doctrines are not like any thing of human contrivance. Never man spake like this man.' One of the first names given to that dispensation of things which he came to introduce, was 'the kingdom,' or the reign, of heaven.' Beattie. par DISPENSARY, a kind of charitable institution, of late years very prevalent in Britain. They are designated the General Dispensary, the Universal Dispensary, the Dispensary of ticular counties or districts, &c. They are supported by voluntary subscriptions, having each one or more physicians and surgeons, whose business is to attend at stated times, to prescribe for the poor; and, if necessary, to visit them at their own habitations. It is in this latter respect, that the patients of a dispensary differ from those called out-patients at an hospital. The poor are supplied gratis with medicine, and many of these institutions also afford gratuitous assistance to lying-in women. Formerly there were three dispensaries established in London, for selling medicines to the poor at prime cost, under the direction of the College of Physicians. In China the medicines are not dispensed gratis, but money is given to the poor to purchase them. The Chinese have a stone, ten cubits high, erected in the public squares of their cities on this stone are engraved the names of all sorts of medicines, with the price of each; and when the poor stand in need of any relief from physic, they go to the treasury, where they receive the price each medicine is rated at. DISPENSATIONS are most generally dispensed by the pope, who claims the office jure divino, and has extended it to every thing. See INDULGENCES. His power to grant a dispensation for any thing contrary to the divine law, or the law of nature, has, however, been denied by the more moderate of the Romanists, who confine him to what is contrary to positive laws, or to things relating to facts, marriages, holding several benefices, &c.; and who limit him even in these things. The archbishop of Canterbury has a power, by statute, of dispensing in any cause wherein dispensations were formerly granted by the see of Rome, as well to the king as his subjects; and, during the vacancy of the archbishop's see, the guardian of the spiritualities may grant dispensations. Every bishop of common right has the power of instituting to benefices, and of dispensing in common cases, &c. A dispensation of the king makes a thing prohibited, lawful to be done by the person that has it, though a thing evil in itself will not admit of a dispensation. And where the subject has an immediate interest in an act of parliament, the king cannot dispense with it; but may, if the suit be the king's own, only for the breach of a penal law that is not to the damage of a third person. There is a dispensation by non obstante, which is where a statute tends to restrain some prerogative incident to the person of the king, as the right of pardoning, or commanding the service of the subjects for the benefit of the public, &c., each of which prerogatives is inseparable from the king, and therefore, by a clause non obstante, such statute may be dispensed with. DISPEOPLE, v. a. Dis and people. To DISPEOPLER, n. s. depopulate; to empty of people he who depopulates, or wastes. : The Irish, banished into the mountains, where they lived only upon white meats, seeing their lands so dispeopled and weakened, came down into the plains. Spenser. Conflagrations and great droughts, do not merely Bacon. dispeople, but destroy. His heart exalts him in the harm Already done, to have dispeopled heaven. Milton. Nor drain I ponds the golden carp to take; Nor trowle for pikes, dispeoplers of the lake. Gay. Kings, furious and severe, Who claimed the skies, dispeopled air and floods, The lonely lords of empty wilds and woods. Pope. DISPE'RGE, v. a. Lat. dispergo. To sprinkle; to scatter. DISPERSE', v. a. Fr. disperser, from Lat. DISPERSION. ter; dissipate into parts; distribute. And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries. Ezek. xxxvi. 19. The exquisite wits of some few, peradventure, are able, dispersedly here and there, to find now a word, and then a sentence, which may be more probably suspected, than easily cleared of errour. Hooker. Soldiers, disperse yourselves. Shakspeare. Noah began from thence his dispersion. Raleigh. Being a king that loved wealth, he could not endure to have trade sick, nor any obstruction to continue in the gate vein which disperseth that blood. Bacon. Dispersed love grows weak, and fewness of objects useth to unite affection. Bp. Hall's Contemplations. If the night Have gathered aught of evil, or concealed, Disperse it, as now light dispels the dark. Milton. The torrid parts of Africk are by Piso resembled to a libbard's skin, the distance of whose spots represent the dispersedness of habitations or towns in Africk. Brerewood on Languages. Those who are pleased with defamatory libels, so far as to approve the authors and dispersers of them, are as guilty as if they had composed them. Spectator. After so many dispersions, and so many divisions, two or three of us may yet be gathered together. Pope. Those minerals are either found in grains, dispersedly intermixed with the corpuscles of earth or sand, Woodward. or else amassed into balls or nodules. They have built More Babels without new dispersion, than DISPERSION OF INFLAMMATION, in medicine and surgery, is the removing the inflammation, and restoring the inflamed part to its natural state The DISPERSION OF MANKIND, in the early history of the world, was occasioned by the confusion of tongues, and took place in consequence of the overthrow of Babel at the birth of Peleg; whence he derived his name. It appears by the account given of his ancestors, Gen. xi. 10 16, to have happened in the 101st. year after the flood, according to the Hebrew chronology, and by the Samaritan computation in the 401st. How ever, various difficulties have been suggested by chronologers concerning the true era of this event. Sir John Marsham and others, to reconcile the Hebrew and Egyptian chronologies, maintain a dispersion of mankind before the birth of Peleg. Others, unable to find numbers sufficient for the plantations of colonies in the space of 101 years, according to the Hebrew computation, fix the dispersion towards the end of Peleg's life, thus following the computation of the Jews. Petavius assigns the 153d year after the flood: Cumberland the 180th; and Usher, though he generally refers it to the time of Peleg's birth, in one place assigns the 131st after the flood for this event. Mr. Shuckford supposes the dispersion to have been gradual, and to have commenced with the separation of some companies at the birth of Peleg, and to have the father of the Syrians. Ham, the youngest son of Noah, had four sons, viz. Cush, whose posterity spread into the several parts of Arabia, over the borders of the land of Edom, into Arabia Felix, up to Midian and Egypt; Mizraim, the father of them who inhabited Egypt and other parts of Africa; Phut, to whom Bochart assigns the remaining part of Africa, from the lake Tritonides to the Atlantic Ocean, called Lybia; and Canaan, to whom belonged the land of Canaan, whence the Phoenicians derived their origin. Dr. Bryant has advanced a new hypothesis on this subject, and supported it with his usual acuteness and learning. He maintains that the dispersion, as well as the confusion of tongues, was local, and limited to the inhabitants of the province of Babel; that the separation and distribution, recorded to have taken place in the days of Peleg, Gen. x. 25, 31, 32, which was the result of Divine appointment, occasioned a general migration; and that all the families among the sons of men were concerned in it. The house of Shem, from which the Messiah was to spring, was particularly regarded in this distribution; the portion of his children was near the place of separation; they in general had Asia to their lot, as Japhet had Europe, and Ham the large continent of Africa. But the sons of Cush would not submit to the divine dispensation; they went off under the conduct of Nimrod, and seem to have been for a long time in a roving state. They, however, at last arrived at the plains of Shinar; and having ejected Ashur and his sons, seized his dominions, and laid there the foundation of a great monarchy. But afterwards, fearing lest they should be divided and scattered abroad, they built the tower of Babel as a land mark to which they might repair; and probably to answer the purposes of an idolatrous temple, or high altar, dedicated to the host of heaven. Here they were punished with the judgment of confounded speech through a failure in labial utterance, and with the dispersion recorded in Gen. x. 8, 9: in consequence of which they were scattered abroad from this city and tower, without any certain place of destination. 'Various, however,' as Dr. Kippis remarks, have been the opinions concerning the confusion of tongues at Babel. Some have thought that the change produced by it was of so total a nature, as to oblige men to speak in languages fundamentally different. But this is not probable, as, in that case, the whole set of their ideas, and the very organs of their speech, must have been altered. Neither is this hypothesis agreeable to experience, since most of the languages we are acquainted with have a certain degree of affinity.' They either appear to be materially related, as sister languages, or show that they were originally derived from the same source. 'Other persons therefore, with greater reason, suppose that the change was only partial, and brought about in a gradual manner. Dr. Gr. Sharpe is of opinion, that the confounding of the speech, or lip, does not relate to language, properly so called, but to a confusion of design, counsels, and purposes; so that the builders of Babel could not agree together, to carry on the undertaking they had begun.' This last writer fairly enough observes—“ The number of people at Babel before the dispersion is not known, and of the miraculous division of languages there is not one word in the Bible. In Psalm lv. 9, David says, 'Destroy, O Lord, and divide their tongues, for I have seen violence and strife in the city;' where he certainly does not mean that God would make them speak new languages: for to divide their tongues is to divide their counsels, and to scatter dissension and animosity, not new-made words, amongst them. However, in Genesis xi. their language is not even said to be divided; but God says, 'Let us go down and confound their language, that they may not understand one another's speech. So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth, and they left off to build the city. Therefore is the name of it called Babel (or confusion), because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth.' He thus concludes 'It is said that they (the whole earth) were together in the plain of Shinar, and that the language of all the earth was there confounded. No person is excepted. However, it is not presumed that Noah consented to the building, much less that he assisted in the work, or that he was ignorant that men were to be dispersed, and the world peopled by their dispersion, or that he did not oppose the raising an edifice to prevent their dispersion, which, from the natural increase of men and cattle, must in time have happened without a miracle. But it is apprehended, that there could be no occasion for a lofty fortress to defend the whole earth; for what enemies had the whole earth, against whom it was necessary to build a high tower? There is a like difficulty in assigning any reason for making themselves men of name or renown; for who were to esteem them men of name or of renown? Or where and when where they to be famous, before there were any human inhabitants but themselves?' The Cushites seem afterwards to have invaded Egypt or the land of Mizraim in its infant state, seized the whole country, and held it for some ages in subjection: they extended themselves likewise to the Indies and Ganges, and still farther into China and Japan. From them the province of Cushan or Goshen in Egypt probably derived its name. Here they also obtained the appellation of royal shepherds;' and when they were by force driven out of the country, after having been in possession of it for 260 or 280 years, the land which they had been obliged to quit was given to the Israelites, who were also denominated shepherds, but should not be confounded with the former or the antecedent inhabitants of Goshen. See EGYPT. DISPERSION, POINT OF, in dioptrics, the point from which refracted rays begin to diverge, where their refraction renders them divergent. DISPIRIT, v. a. Dis and spirit. To DISPIRITEDNESS, n. s. discourage; deject; depress; intimidate; exhaust. Certain it is, that the poor man appeared so dispirited, that he spoke but few words after he came upon the scaffold. Clarendon. The providence of God strikes not in with them, |