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more general in their use, and determinate in their Id. application.

As soon as the studious man's hunger and thirst makes him uneasy, he, whose will was never determined to any pursuit of good cheer, is, by the uneasiness of hunger and thirst, presently determined to Id. eating and drinking.

When we voluntarily waste much of our lives, that remissness can by no means consist with a constant determination of will or desire to the greatest apparent Id. good. That individual action, which is justly punished as sinful in us, cannot proceed from the special influence and determinative power of a just cause.

Bramhall against Hobbes.

All pleasure springing from a gratified passion, as most of the pleasure of sin does, must needs deterSouth. mine with that passion.

Probability, in the nature of it, supposes that a thing may or may not be so, for any thing that yet appears, or is certainly determined, on the other side. Id.

Addison.

Destruction hangs on every word we speak, On every thought, till the concluding stroke Determines all, and closes our design. No sooner have they climbed that hill, which thus determines their view at a distance, but a new prosAtterbury. pect is opened.

To make all the planets move about the sun in circular orbs, there must be given to each, by a determinate impulse, those present particular degrees of velocity which they now have, in proportion to their distances from the sun, and to the quantity of the solar Bentley.

matter.

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The long dispute among the philosophers about a vacuum, may be determined in the affirmative; that Swift. it is to be found in a critic's head.

If the term added to make up the complex subject does not necessarily or constantly belong to it, then it is a determinative, and limits the subject to a particular part of its extension; as, every pious man Watts. shall be happy. How far this unexpected distinction can be rated among the happy incidents of life, I am not yet able

to determine.

Johnson. Plan of Dictionary. DETERRATION, n. s. Lat. de and terra; Fr. deterrer. Discovery of any thing by removal of the earth that hides it; the act of unburying.

This concerns the raising of new mountains, deter

rations, or the devolution of earth down upon the valleys from the hills and higher grounds. Woodward. DETER'SION, n. s. From Lat. deterDETER'SIVE. adj. & n. s. go. See DETERGE. The act of cleansing a sore. Having the power to cleanse. An application that cleanses wounds. I endeavoured detersion, but the matter could not Wiseman. be discharged.

We frequently see simple ulcers afflicted with sharp humours, which corrode them, and render them painful sordid ulcers, if not timely relieved by detersives

and lenients.

Id.

DETEST, v. a.
Fr. detester; Span.
DETESTABLE, adj. detestar; Lat. detestare,
DETEST'ABLY, adv.according to Minsheu,
DETESTATION, n. s. from deum testari (odio-
I from deum testari (dio-
DETEST'ER.

of declaring hatred to, and innocence of any
crime. Detestatio was the swearing a thing to
be hateful and odious. To hate; abominate:
hateful; abhorred: a detester is one who hates
or abhors.
He was deadly made,
And all that life preserved did detest.
Faerie Queene.

That detestable sight him much amazd,
To see the' unkindly imps of heaven accurst
Devoure their dam. Spenser. Faerie Queene.
I've lived in such dishonour, that the gods
Shakspeare.
Detest my baseness.

Glory grows guilty of detested crimes,
When for fame's sake, for praise, an outward part,
Id.
We bend to that the working of the heart.

He desired him to consider that both armies consisted of Christians, to whom nothing is more detestable than effusion of human blood. Hayward.

Then only did misfortune make her see what she had done, especially finding in us rather detestation than pity. Sidney.

There is that naturally in the heart of man which abhors sin as sin, and consequently would make him detest it both in himself and others too. South.

Who dares think one thing, and another tell,

My heart detests him as the gates of hell. Pope.
Our love of God will inspire us with a detestation
for sin, as what is of all things most contrary to his
Swift.

divine nature.

It is the peculiar condition of falsehood, to be Johnson. equally detested by the good and bad.

The detestable maxim, Qui nescit dissimulare nescit regnare, will not be heard of in heaven. Bp. Watson. DETHRONE, v. a. Fr. detroner; de and throne (Lat. thronus). To divest of regal dignity. The queen became the object of public hatred, the Hume. dethroned king was regarded with pity.

DETIN'UE, n s. Fr. detenue. A writ that lies against him, who, having goods or chattels delivered him to keep, refuses to deliver them again.

DETINUE lies for any thing certain and valuable, wherein one may have a property or right; as for a horse, cow, sheep, hens, dogs, jewels, plate, cloth, bags of money, sacks of corn, &c. It must be laid so certain, that the thing detained may be known and recovered: and therefore, for money out of a bag, or corn out of a sack, &c., it lies not; for the money or corn cannot in this case be known from other money or corn; so that the party must have an action on the case, &c. Yet detinue may be brought for a piece of gold of the price of 22s. though not for 22s. in money. In this action, the thing detained is generally to be recovered, and not damages; but if one cannot recover the thing itself, he shall recover damages for the thing, and also for the detainer.

Lat. detono, from de emphatic, and tonus, a sound. To thunder It is used for various To detonise is to

DETONATE, v. n.
DETONATION, n. s.
DET'ONISE, v. a.
or make a great noise.
explosions in chemistry.
calcine with detonation.

A new coal is not to be cast on the nitre, till the detonation occasioned by the former be either quite or almost altogether ended; unless it chance that the puffing matter do blow the coal too soon out of the crucible. Boyle. ineteen parts in twenty of detonized nitre is deArbuthnot on Air. stroyed in eighteen days.

The nitrates yield oxygen gas mingled with nitrogen gas by the action of fire; they give out a white vapour of nitric acid when acted on by concentrated sulphuric acid; and, when mixed with combustible substances, produce, at a red heat, inflammation and detonation. Parke's Chemical Catechism.

DETONATION, in chemistry, signifies an explosion with noise made by the sudden inflammation of some combustible body: such as are the explosions of gunpowder, and fulminating powders. See CHEMISTRY.

DETORT', v. a. Lat. detortus, of detorqueo. To wrest from the original import, meaning, or design.

They have assumed what amounts to an infallibility in the private spirit, and have detorted texts of scripture to the sedition, disturbance, and destruction of the civil government. Dryden.

DETOUR DES ANGLOIS, or English Turn, a circular direction of the river Mississippi, in North America, so very considerable, that vessels cannot pass it with the same wind that conducted them to it, and must either wait for a favorable wind, or make fast to the bank, and haul close; there being sufficient depth of water for any vessel that can enter the river. The two forts and batteries at this place on both sides the river, are more than sufficient to stop the progress of any vessel whatever. Dr. Cox, of New-Jersey, ascended the Mississippi to this place, anno 1698, took possession, and called the country Carolina. It lies eighteen miles below New Orleans, and eighty-seven above the Balize.

DETRACT v. a. Fr. detracter; Span. DETRACT'ER, n. s. detratar; Lat. detraDETRACTION, here, from de (downDETRACTIOUS, adj. ward) and trahere; DETRACT'ORY, Gr. parow, to draw. DETRACT'RESS, n. s. To take away or subtract; generally to take away, or derogate from, character. Detractory, and detractious, alike mean, dishonorable to character.

Lest pcrauenture stryuyngis, enuyes, sturdnessis, dissenciouns, and detracciouns, priuy spechis of discord ben among ghou. Wiclif. 1 Cor. 12.

I am right glad to be thus satisfied, in that I yet was never able till now to choke the mouth of such detracters with the certain knowledge of their slanderous untruths. Spenser on Ireland. I put myself to thy direction, and Unspeak mine own detraction; here abjure The taints and blames I laid upon myself, For strangers to my nature. Shakspeare.

Those were assistants in private, but not trusted to manage the affairs in publick; for that would detract from the honour of the principal ambassador. Bacon.

You shall enquire of the unlawful taking of partridges, and pheasants, or fowl, the detraction of the eggs of wild-fowls, &c.

Id. By the largeness of the cornices they hinder both the light within, and likewise detract much from the view of the front without. Wotton.

Fame, that her high birth to raise Seemed erst so lavish and profuse,

We may justly now accuse

Of detraction from her praise.

Milton

The painters are most envious, if they want Good colours for preferment; virtuous ladies Love this way to be flattered, and accuse The workman of detraction, if he add not Some grace they cannot truly call their own. Massinger.

This is not only derogatory unto the wisdom of God, who hath proposed the world unto our knowledge, and thereby the notion of himself; but also detractory unto the intellect and sense of man. Browne.

The multitude of partners does detract nothing from each private share, nor does the publickness of it lessen propriety in it.

Boyle.

No envy can detract from this: it will shine in history, and, like swans, grow whiter the longer it endures. Dryden.

Away the fair detracters went,
And gave by turns their censures vent.

Suift.

If any shall detract from a lady's character, unless she be absent, the said detractress shall be forthwith ordered to the lowest place of the room. Addison.

The detractory lye takes from a great man the reArbuthnot. putation that justly belongs to him.

Detraction, in the native importance of the word, signifies the withdrawing or taking off from a thing; and, as it is applied to the reputation, it denotes the impairing or lessening a man in point of fame, rendering him less valued and esteemed by others, which is the final aim of detraction.

Ayliffe.

Byron.

Hard is his fate on whom the public Is fixed for ever to detract or praise; Repose denies her requiem to his name, And folly loves the martyrdom of Fame. DETRANCHE, in heraldry, a line bendwise, proceeding always from the dexter side, but not from the very angle diagonally athwart the shield.

DETRIMENT, n. s. ? Fr. detriment; Spa. DETRIMENTAL, adj. Portug. and Ital. detrimento; Lat. detrimentum, from detero, detritus, worn, because that which is worn is thereby injured. Injury; diminution; harm. Detrimental is, mischievous; causing injury.

Difficult it must be for one Christian church to abolish that which all had received and held for the space of many ages, and that without any detriment unto religion. Hooker.

I can repair
That detriment, if such it be, to lose
Self-lost.

He with the foe began to buckle,
Vowing to be revenged for breach
Of crowd and skin upon the wretch,
Sole author of all detriment

He and his fiddle underwent.

Milton.

Hudibras,

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DETRITION, n. s. Lat. detero, detritus, from de and tero; Gr. repw, to rub. The act of wearing away.

DETROIT RIVER, or Strait of St. Clair, the strait or river which flows from lake St. Clair into lake Erie, and forms part of the boundary between the United States and Upper Canada. It is forty miles long, and the great channel by which the waters of the lakes of Canada, Huron, Superior, and Michigan, are conveyed to the ocean. On the east side cultivation has made great progress.

DETROIT, a flourishing town of the United States, on the west side of the above river. The fort and military works are very strong; but they were taken in 1812, by the British, under general Brock.

DETRUDE, v. a. I Lat. detrudo; de and DETRU'SION, n. 3. trudo, to thrust; to push down; the act of thrusting or forcing down.

Philosophers are of opinion, that the souls of men may, for their miscarriages, be detruded into the bodies of beasts. Locke.

From this detrusion of the waters towards the side,
the parts towards the pole must be much increased.
Keil against Burnet.
At thy command the vernal sun awakes
The torpid sap, detruded to the root

By wintry winds.

Thomson.

Such as are detruded down to hell,
Either for shame they still themselves retire,
Or, tied in chains, they in close prison dwell.

Davies.

To DETRU'NCATE, v. a. ¿ Lat. detrunco;
DETRUNCATION, n. s.
de and trunco.

To lop; to cut; to shorten by deprivation of

parts.

It may sometimes happen by hasty detruncation, that the general tendency of a sentence may be changed.

Johnson. Pref. to Dictionary. DETTINGEN, a village of Germany, in the electorate of Mentz, situated on the east side of the Maine, where a battle was fought between the English, under the command of king George II. in person and the earl of Stair, and the French, under the command of the duke of Noailles. The English had the honor of the day; but were soon obliged to leave the field of battle, which was taken possession of by the French, who treated the wounded English with great clemency. It is nine miles south of Hanau, and six north-west of Aschaffenburgh. Long. 9°5′ E., lat. 49° 55′ N.

DETURBATION n. s. Lat. deturbo. The act of throwing down; degradation.

DEVAPORATION, n. s. Lat. from de and vapor. The condensation of vapor.

For the wind' blows uniformly upon this hot part of the coast of Peru, but no cause of devaporation occurs till it begins to ascend the mountainous Andes, and then its own expansion produces cold sufficient to condense its vapour. Darwin,

DEVAPRAYAGA, a town of the province of Serinaghur, Northern Hindostan, situated at the junction of two branches of the most sacred part of the Ganges. It is built on the side of a mountain, about 100 feet above the stream. The houses are of stone, covered with shingles. The celebrated temple of Ramachandra, containing VOL. VII.

a statue of the deity, of black stone, is constructed of large blocks of cut stone, piled up, without mortar, to the height of sixty feet. It is at the upper part of the town, and surrounded by twenty-five villages, which belong to the Brah mins. This place suffered much by an earthquake in 1803.

DEVASTATION, n. s. Lat. devasto, de and vastus. Waste; havock; desolation; destruction.

By devastation the rough warrior gains,
And farmers fatten most when famine reigns Garth.

That flood which overflowed Attica, in the days of Ogyges, and that which drowned Thessaly in Deucalion's time, made cruel havock and devastation among them.

Woodward.

ling to sacrifice the esteem of all wise and good men to If it excite a man to wicked attempts, make him wilthe acclamations of a mob; to overlcap the bounds of decency and truth, &c. it is then not only vanity but vice; a vice, which of all others hath made the greatest havock and devastation among men. Mason.

DEUCALION, king of Thessaly, is said to have been the son of Prometheus. A flood recorded to have happened in this time (about A. A. C. 1500), is supposed to have been only an inundation of the neighbouring country, occasioned by heavy rains, and an earthquake that stopped the course of the river Peneus. He governed his people, we are told, with great equity; but the rest of mankind, being extremely wicked, were destroyed by a flood, while Deucalion and Pyrrha his queen saved themselves by ascending mount Parnassus. When the waters decreased, they went and consulted the oracle of Themis, on the means by which the earth was to be repeopled, and were ordered to veil their heads and faces, to unloose their girdles, and throw behind their backs the bones of their great mother. At this advice Pyrrha was seized with horror; but Deucalion explained the mystery, by observing, that their great mother must mean the earth, and her bones the stones; when taking them up, those Deucalion threw over his head became men, and those thrown by Pyrrha women. M. Bryant and others have supposed, that Deucalion was the same with the patriarch Noah; and that his flood in Thessaly, and those or Ogyges in Attica, and Prometheus in Egypt, were the same with that of Noah recorded in

Scripture. See DELUGE.

DEUCE, Goth. dus; Lat. dusius; Arm. teus, once applied to good as well as evil spirits. See DEMON.

'Twas the prettiest prologue, as he wrote it; Well, the deuce take me if I ha'n't forgot it.

Congreve: Deuce, n. s. Fr. deur. Two: a word used in games.

You are a gentleman and a gamester; then, I am sure, you know how much the cross sum of deuce ace amounts to. Shakspeare. DEVELOP, v. a. Fr. developer; Lat. develo To disengage from something that enfolds o conceals; to disentangle.

Take him to develop, if you can,
And hew the block off, and get out the man.
Dunciad.
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In his eye

Byron.

And nostril, beautiful disdain, and might, And majesty, flash their full lightnings by, Developing in that one glance the Deity. DEVENTER, the capital of a district in the province of Overyssel, Netherlands, situated in a fertile country, on the right bank of the river Yssel, is not a town of great size, but is strong, being surrounded by a wall, well flanked with towers, and defended with broad and deep ditches. The cathedral is a fine structure. There are besides three parish churches, and several convents; and an athenæum, or provincial academy. manufacture of this place is linen, and the trade is in butter, cheese, and cattle. There is a beauPopulation tiful promenade on the Yssel. 10,100. It is eight miles N. N. W. of Zutphen, and forty-six east of Amsterdam.

DEVEREUX (Robert), earl of Essex.

ESSEX.

The

See

DEVE'ST, v. a. Fr. dévesier; Lat. de and vestis. See DIVEST. To strip; to deprive of clothes.

What are those breaches of the law of nature and nations, which do forfeit and devest all right and titl in a nation to government?

Friends all but now,
like bride and groom

In quarter and in terms, Devesting them for bed.

Bacon.

Shakspeare.

Come on, thou little inmate of this breast, Which for thy sake from passions I devest.

Prior.

DEVE'X, adj. Lat. deverus. Bending DEVE'XITY, n. s. down; declivous; incurvated downwards; declivity.

DE'VIATE, v. n.
DEVIATION, n. s.
DE'VIOUS, adj.

to go astray.

Lat. de viá decedere. To wander from the right or common way;

In this minute devious subject, I have been necessitated to explain myself in more words than may Holder. seem needful.

A story should, to please, at least seem true,

Be apropos, well told, concise, and new :

And whensoe'er it deviates from these rules,

The wise will sleep, and leave applause to fools.

Stillingfleet. The rest to some faint meaning make pretence, But Shadwell never deviates into sense. Dryden. Some lower muse, perhaps, who lightly treads The devious paths where wanton fancy leads. Rowe. What makes all physical and moral ill? There Nature deviates, and here wanders Will. Pope. These bodies constantly move round in the same tracks, without making the least deviation. Cheyne. One devious step at first setting out, frequently leads a person into a wilderness of doubt and error.

Clarissa.

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DEVICE', n. s. DEVIL, DEV'ILISH, adj.

See DEVISE.

Goth.diofl; Sax.dioful; Teut. teuffel; Irish duol DEV'ILISHLY, adv.) Belg. duvell; Fr. diable; Span. diablo, from Lat. diabolus; Gr. diaßodos, diaßal, from dia, through and ẞaλw, to cast; to strike through as with a dart; and thence as The great spiritual enemy of with slander. man, called in Scripture an accuser;' a term of reproach, expressing extreme wickedness, real, or supposed: a ridiculous expletive: the adjective and adverb seem plain.

Clothe ghou with the armure of God, that ghe moun stande aghens aspiyngis of the deuel. Wiclif. Effesies 6. Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of you is Bible. John vi. 70. a devil? This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is Id. James iii. 15. earthly, sensual, devilish.

For grief thereof and devilish despight, From his infernal furnace forth he threw Huge flames, that dimmed all the heaven's light, Enrolled in duskish smoke and brimstone blue.

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DEVIL, an evil angel, one of those celestial spirits cast down from heaven for aspiring to be equal with God. The Ethiopians paint the devil white. Satan and Belial are equivalent to this term in the Old Testament: nor do we meet with it in any heathen authors, in the sense it is taken among Christians, that is, as a creature revolted from God, although their theology was familiar with evil genii and dæmons. See DEMON and DEMONIAC. Some of the aboriginal nations of America have a notion of two collateral independent beings, one of whom is good, and the other evil; which last they imagine has the superintendance of the earth, for which reason they chiefly worship him; and hence they have been said to worship the devil. The Chaldeans and Persians, in like manner, believed in both a good principle and an evil one; which last they imagined was an enemy to mankind. Isaiah, according to some commentators, when speaking of

the fall of the king of Babylon, alludes to that of the devil, calling him Lucifer, son of the morning. The Arabians call Lucifer, Eblis; which some writers suppose to be a diminutive or corruption of the word Diabolus. DEVIL IN A BUSH, in botany. See NIGELLA. DEVISE', v. a. Fr. deviser; Span. and DEVI'SER, n. s. Portug. devisar, according DEVICE', n. s. to Skinner, from Lat. devisare, to look about. To contrive; consider: a device is the scheme or plan contrived: hence also a sketch or drawing on a shield; a token. Behold I frame evil against you, and devis? a device against you.

Jer. xiii. 11.

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A tavern with a gaudy sign, Whose bush is better than the wine, May cheat you once-will that device,

Blackmore.

Neat as imported,' cheat you twice? Garrick. DEVICE, in heraldry, painting, and sculpture, an emblem used to represent a certain family, person, action, or quality; with a suitable motto, applied in a figurative sense. The essence of a device consists in metaphorical similitude between the things representing and represented thus a young nobleman, of great courage and ambition, is said to have borne his device, in a carousal at the court of France, a rocket mounted in the air, with this motto in Italian, poco duri purche m'inalzi;' importing, that he preferred a short life, provided he might thereby attain to glory and eminence. The Italians have reduced the making of devices into an art.

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This word devisee is properly attributed, in our com. mon law, to him that bequeaths his goods by his last will or testament in writing; and the reason is, because those that now appertain only to the devisour, Cowell. by this act are distributed into many parts. DE'VITABLE, adj. Į Lat, devitabilis. PosDEVITATION, n. s sible to be avoided; avoidable: the act of escaping or avoiding. DEVIZES, a town of Wiltshire, six miles north from Lavington, and eighty-nine west from London. It contains two churches and a chapel, besides a place of worship for dissenters, and returns two members to parliament. Here was formerly a castle, supposed to be one of the strongest in England; but it is now nearly destroyed. Two markets are held weekly, one on Monday, principally for butcher's meat; the other on Thursday for corn, wool, cattle, &c., considered one of the best in England. Considerable manufactures are carried on, particularly of serges, kerseymeres, and broad-cloth. In the market place is erected a stone with an inscription, as a memorial of divine vengeance inflicted on a woman who called God to witness a falsehood concerning some money. The corporation consists of a mayor, recorder, ten magistrates, and twentyfour common-council-men. The number of burgesses is unlimited, and they have a right to vote for representatives in parliament as soon as they are made free. Its name is to be derived from

the Latin divisa, divided, from its having been anciently divided between the king and the bishop of Salisbury; and it is supposed to have been the Punctuobice of Ravennus. The Romans enclosed it with a vallum and ditch, in which there is now a road almost round the town. Brass figures of household gods, coins, bricks, and urns, evidently Roman, have been dug up

here.

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