court with the same care that the answer of a defendant is sent. 3 Black. 455.

DEPOT denotes any particular place in which military stores are deposited for the use of the army. In a more extensive sense it signifies several magazines collected together for that purpose. It is likewise applied to any particular fort or place, appropriated for the reception of recruits to detached parties, belonging to different regiments. In England, the barracks near Maidstone are depôts for the British cavalry, and Chatham is allotted to the infantry. In the time of war the greatest attention should be given to preserve the several depôts which belong to the fighting army. Hence the line of operation should invariably be connected with them; or rather no advance should be made upon that line, without the strictest regard being had to the one of communication.

DEPOT is again used to denote a particular place at the tail of the trenches, out of the reach of the cannon of the place attacked; where the troops generally assemble, when a sally from the besieged is suspected.

Fr. depraver; Span. and Portug. depravár; Ital. and Lat. depravare, from de and pra

DEPOT also means a temporary magazine for forage, for fascines, gabions, tools for mining, &c., with such other articles necessary for the support of an army, or for carrying on a siege. DEPRAVE', v. a. DEPRAV'ER, n. s. DEPRAVA'TION, DEPRAV'EDNESS, n.s. DEPRAVEMENT, DEPRAVITY. ate: he who corrupts is a depraver; depravement, depravation, depravedness, and depravity a corrupt, vitiated state; depravation is used by Shakspeare for calumny.

vus, crooked. To corrupt, vitiate, calumni

In deprecating of evil, we make an humble acknowledgment of guilt, and of God's justice in chastising, as well as clemency in sparing, the guilty. Grew. Poverty indeed, in all its degrees, men are easily persuaded to deprecate from themselves. Rogers. The judgments which we would deprecate are not Smalridge. The Italian entered them in his prayer: amongst the three evils he petitioned to be delivered from, he might have deprecated greater evils.

removed.

Baker's Reflections on Learning.

DEPRECIATE, v. a. Į Fr. deprecier, from DEPRECIATION, n. s. Lat de priv. and pretium (from Gr. рarns, a seller) an equivalent in price or value; the act of lessening the value given to the seller for his goods. To bring down of, or underrating a thing.

They presumed upon that mercy, which, in all their conversations, they endeavour to depreciate and misrepresent. Addison.

As there are none more ambitious of fame, than those who are coiners in poetry, it is very natural for such as have not exceeded in it to depreciate the works of those who have. Spectator.

It has been held, indeed, by some of the judges (but certainly not by all of them, or at least not upon all occasions), that juries in favour of life, may fairly, in fixing the value of the property, take into their consideration the depreciation of money, which has taken place since the statutes passed.

DEP'REDATE, v. a. DEPREDA TION, DEPREDATOR.

Sir S. Romilly. Fr. depreder, from Lat. de and prædor, to Srob. To pillage, spoil;

devour. The substantives plainly follow this. It maketh the substance of the body more solid and compact, and so less apt to be consumed and depredated by the spirits.

Bacon.

It is reported that the shrub called our Lady's Seal, which is a kind of briony, and coleworts, set near together, one or both will die: the cause is for that they be both great depredators of the earth, and one of them starveth the other. Bacon.

The land had never been before so free from robberies and depredations as through bis reign.

Wotton.

Were there not one who had said, Hitherto shalt thou come, and no farther; we might well expect such vicissitudes, such clashing in nature, and such depredations and changes of sea and land.

Woodward.

Prior.

Passion can depress or raise The heavenly, as the human mind. This mournful truth is every where confessed, Slow rises worth, by poverty depressed. Johnson. DEPRIVE', v. a. Fr.priver; Span. and DEPRIVATION, n. s. Port. privar; Ital. and DEPRIV'ABLE, adj. Lat. privare; from de and privo. To bereave or depossess; taking of after it; hence to hinder, to debar from. Deprivation has certain formal and legal applications; see below. Deprivable is that which may, in justice, be taken away.

God hath deprived her of wisdom, neither hath he imparted to her understanding. Job, xxxix. 17.

I have no hope of a future existence except that which is grounded on the truth of christianity; I wish not to be deprived of this hope. Bishop Watson.

DEPRIVATION, ECCLESIASTICAL, is of two kinds, viz. à beneficio, when for some crime a minister is for ever deprived of his living; and ab officio, when a minister is for ever deprived of his order. It is the same with deposition and degradation. It is usually for some heinous crime deserving death, and is performed by the bishop in a solemn manner. See DEGRADATION. DEPTFORD, a town situated on the Thames, partly in the county of Kent, and partly in Surrey. It derives its name from a deep ford over the Thames, formerly used, but now cleared. It was generally known in ancient records by the name of Deptford Strond. Deptford is now a large and populous town, though it has no market, and is divided into Upper and Lower Deptford. It contains about 3000 houses, many of which are neat and well built, two churches, several meeting-houses, and two charity schools. ford arises from its excellent docks. Here the The greatest support and consequence of Deptroyal navy was formerly built and repaired. The storehouses, which form a square, have, in the last war, had several additional buildings: the whole yard covers thirty-one acres of ground, containing two wet docks, one single, the other double, three slips, a basin, and two ponds for masts, with the various manufactories for anchors, cables, masts, blocks, &c., and apartments for the numerous officers employed. Here the royal yachts are generally kept. Besides the national docks, there are several others belonging to snipbuilders for merchants' vessels. Near the dock formerly stood Says-Court, where Peter the Great resided for some time, and in this yard he completed his knowledge of the practical part of naval architecture. The Red-house, on the north-west side of the dock, is a large collection of warehouses and storehouses for navy provisions. At Deptford, in 1515, was first formed the society of the Trinity House, by Sir Thomas Spert. There are annually relieved by this company about 3000 poor seamen, their widows and orphans, at the expense of £6000. The governors are invested with the power of examining the mathematical classes of Christ's Hospital, and the masters of his Majesty's ships; and have the appointment of all pilots; erecting and maintaining lighthouses, buoys, beacons, &c. Their business was formerly carried on in a hall in the parish of Deptford Strond; but it is now conducted in a spacious building near the Tower, erected in 1787. This town is four miles east of London.

DEEP.. The measure of deepness; hence a deep DEPTH, n. s. Belg. diepte; Teut. tieff. See place; the sea, an abyss, a quiet place, or season; and, figuratively, obscurity and sagacity. The plural, depths, is very frequent in the received

translation of the Bible.

The depths have covered them: they sank into the bottom as a stone. Exod. xv. 5.

As for men, they had buildings in many places higher than the depth of the water. Bacon,

DEPUL'SION, n. s. DEPULSORY, adj. DEPURE', v. a. Fr. depurer; from DEPURATE, v. a. & adj. Lat. depurgo; DEPURATION, n. s. purgo. To cleanse, purify. The verbs are synonymous, and the meaning of the derivatives is plain.

Sand

It produced plants of such imperfection and harmful quality, as the waters of the general flood could not so wash out or depure, but that the same defection hath had continuance in the very generation and Raleigh. nature of mankind.

Brimstone is either used crude, and called sulphur vive; or is of a sadder color, and, after depuration, such as we have in magdeleons, or rolls of a lighter yellow. Browne's Vulgar Errours.

Chemistry enabling us to depurate bodies, and in some measure to analyse them, and take asunder their heterogeneous parts, in many chemical experimenta we may, better than in others, know what manner of bodies we employ. Boyle. Neither can any boast a knowledge depurate from the defilement of a contrary, within this atmosphere

of flesh.

Glanville.

DEPUTE', v. a. Fr. deputer; Dut. depuDEPUTATION, teren; Span. and Port. deSputar; Ital. and Lat. deputare; to judge or choose; hence deputatus, a person chosen. To send another; to empower

DEPUTY.

another to transact one's business. A deputy is a person so sent, generally or specially.

And Absolom said unto him, See thy matters are good and right, but there is no man deputed of the king to hear. 2 Sam.

Presbyters, absent through infirmity from their churches, might be said to preach by those deputies, who, in their stead, did but read homilies. Hooker.

A man hath a body, and that body is confined to a place; but where friendship is, all offices of life are, as it were, granted to him and his deputy; for he may exercise them by his friend.

Cut me off the heads

Of all the fav'rites that the absent king
In deputation left behind him here,
When he was personal in the Irish war.

Bacon.

Shakspeare. He looks not below the moon, but hath designed the regiment of sublunary affairs into sublunary depu

The authority of conscience stands founded upon its vicegerency and deputation under God. South

And Linus thus, deputed by the rest, The heroes welcome and their thanks expressed. Roscommon. A bishop, by deputing a priest or chaplain to administer the sacraments, may remove him.

Ayliffe's Parergon. DEQUANTITATE, v. a. from Lat. de and quantitas. To diminish the quantity of.

This we affirm of pure gold; for that which is current, and passeth in stamp amongst us, by reason of its allay, which is a proportion of silver or copper mixed therewith, is actually dequantitated by fire, and possibly by frequent extinction.

Browne's Vulgar Errours. DERA'CINATE, v. a. Fr. deraciner, from de and racine, a root, from Lat. radix, radicis. To tear up by the roots.

Her fallow lees

The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory
Doth root upon; while that the culter rusts
That should deracinate such savagery.

Shakspeare.
See ARRAIGN. But
Minsheu says from either
Fr. desarroyer or des-

DERAIGN', v. a. DERAIGN'MENT, or DERAINMENT, n. s. ranger, to disorder, or Norman defrene, a proofe of the deniall of a man's owne fact.' To prove, or justify.

mand tythes in the next parish by a writ of indicavit When the parson of any church is disturbed to dethe patron shall have a writ to demand the advowson of the tythes being in demand: and when it is deraigned, then shall the plea pass in the court christian, as far forth as it is deraigned in the king's court. Blount.

DERANGE', v. a.

Fr. desranger, to dis

DERANGEMENT, n. s. order. The quotation from Blount includes a curious explanation of this word. It is of modern introduction, as to its general, but now very common, application

both to disordered minds and things.

In some places the substantive deraignment is used

in the very literal signification with the French disrayer, or desranger; that is, turning out of course, displacing or setting out of order; as, deraignment or

departure out of religion, and deraignment or discharge of their profession, which is spoken of those religious men who forsook their orders and profes sions. Blount.

Most nations have adopted peculiar expressions, to signify the form or degree of derangement of intellect. The term derangement, which we have taken immediately from the French, and which means out of rank, or order, is metaphorically applied to the mind, to denote that its ideas are out of the rank, or order, generally preserved by intelligent beings. Dr. Rees.

DERA'Y, n. s. Fr. desrayer. To turn out of the right way; tumult; disorder; noise; merriment;' and even solemnity,' says Dr. Johnson, adding, truly, not in use.'

DERBEND, or DERBENT, a town of Persia, said to have been founded by Alexander the Great, aud once the residence of the celebrated caliph Haroun-al-Raschid. The Russians took it in the year 1722, and retained possession until

1735, when it was restored to the Persians. Afterwards it was subdued and possessed by Feth Ali. In the year 1796, the empress of Russia having declared war against the Persians, count Subow entered Daghestan, at the head of an army; having reconnoitred Derbend, he ordered an assault, but the town surrendered. The highest part of the town is crowned by a fort or citadel of a triangular figure. Many of the stones used are cubes of six feet, but the ramparts are so narrow that cannon are mounted only on the towers. The entrance to the town is through an ancient iron gate. There is a tradition in the neighbourhood that the empire of the Mahommedans is to be overthrown by a yellow infidel army, which shall enter by this gate. No stranger is, therefore, permitted to enter the fortress, and a tax is taken of all strangers at the gate before mentioned. The streets of Derbend are irregular, but the town is well supplied with water from a fine, but almost ruined, aqueduct. The inhabitants consist of various eastern tribes and Jews, and amount altogether to about 4000. It is a place of little trade, but a great quantity of saffron is cultivated in the neighbourhood, and the gardens are fine. To the north-east there are some graves covered with flag-stones above the rataral size of man; and many curious tombs in the vicinity. One of these, some years ago, was found to contain undecayed bones of the natural dimensions, a battle-axe, shield, and spear. The walls are built with stones as hard as marble; and near it are the remains of a wall which reached from the Caspian to the Black Sea. It is seated near the Caspian Sea, at the foot of Mount Caucasus, in long 48° 60′′ E., lat. 42° 8' N., and is now the capital of the principality or khanship of Derbend. See below. It extends, on a declivity to the margin of the shore, full three miles, and is about half a mile wide. To the west is a passage leading into the mountains, which are possessed by barbarous independent tribes. Derbend is considered one of the gates of Persia, and its name signifies, in Persian, a locked door. It is surrounded by walls and towers of considerable strength.

DERBEND, a principality or khanship of Persia, bounded on the north by the river Derbak, or Kerebagh, on the south by the rivers Kur and Salian, on the east by the Caspian Sea, and on the west by the district of Talasseran. It extends about twenty miles in length by fifteen in breadth: it is mountainous and well watered. The soil is very fertile, wheat yielding twenty and rice forty fold. There are also fine grapes produced, but the wine is not good. Some silk and woollen manufactures are also carried on.

DERBEND, OF DERBENT, a town of European Turkey, in the province of Romania, twenty miles north of Adrianople.

DERBY, or DERBYSHIRE, an inland county of England, situated nearly in the centre of the island, and at an almost equal distance from the eastern and western seas. It is bounded on the north by Yorkshire and part of Cheshire; on the east by Nottinghamshire; on the south by Leicestershire; and on the west by Staffordshire and Cheshire. Its form is extremely irregular; but probably the figure to which it approaches the

nearest is that of an inverted pyramid; this, however, is extremely arbitrary, owing to its uncommon indentations and projections. It is of considerable extent, being computed to be the twentieth in point of magnitude, and the nineteenth in point of population, of all the English counties. Its greatest length, in a direction S.S.E. to N.N.W. is about fifty-six miles and a half. Its greatest breadth, from E. N. E. to W.S.W., thirty-three miles. It contains about 972 square miles, or 622,080 statute acres. Here are six hundreds, one borough, eleven market towns, and 116 parishes. This county is in the diocese of Litchfield and Coventry, and the province of Canterbury, and is included in the midland circuit.

Prior to the Roman invasion, the site of the present county belonged to the Coritani. The Romans included it in the division named Flavia. Cæsariensis; but during the time of the AngloSaxons it belonged to the kingdom of Mercia. The word Derby, from whence comes the name of the county, is of uncertain derivation. By the Saxons it was called Northworthig, and by the Danes Deoraby. The latter is obviously the source whence its modern name, and probably that of the river Derwent, is derived; but its precise meaning cannot now be ascertained.

The eastern and western districts, into which the Derwent naturally divides this county, are materially different, both in respect to the air, the face of the country, and the soil. The climate of the eastern division is healthy, temperate, and pleasant; but in the western district the air is much keener, and the state of the weather always more changeable. The face of the country presents, if not the most agreeable and pleasing, certainly the most varied and romantic scenery of any county in England. There is the most striking difference and contrast of features between the northern and southern parts; the former abounding with hill and dale. The country gradually rises until we come to the neighbourhood of Wirksworth, and then begins to assume that picturesque and sublime appearance which it continues to possess to its extremity. That chain of hills arises, which stretching northwards is continued in a greater or less breadth quite to the borders of Scotland, and forms a natural boundary between the east and west sides of the northern part of the kingdom. Its course in this county is inclined a little to the west. It spreads as it advances northerly, and at length fills up the whole of the north-west angle; also overflowing a little, as it were, towards the eastern parts. The hills are at first of small elevation; but, being in their progress piled one upon another, they form very elevated ground in the tract called the High Peak, though without any eminences which can rank among the loftiest mountains even of this island. most considerable in height are the Axe-edge and the Kinder-scout mountains. Mr. Farey, in his admirable and comprehensive View of the Agriculture and Minerals of this county, has given an alphabetical list of the several mountains, hills, and eminences throughout Derbyshire, or in the borders of the adjoining counties, describing their situations, the strata on the top of each

The