Id. If the matter be knotty, and the sense lies deep, the mind must stop and buckle to it, and stick upon it with labour and thought, and close contemplation. Locke. Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene, Shades every flower, and darkens every green, Deepens the murmurs of the falling floods, And breathes a browner horror on the woods, Pope. But he deep-musing o'er the mountains strayed, Through many thickets of the woodland shade. Id. The city of Rome would receive a great advantage from the undertaking, as it would raise the banks and deepen the bed of the Tiber. Addison. Virgin face divine Attracts the hapless youth through storms and waves, Alone in deep of night. Philips. Hills, dales, and forests far behind remain, While the warm scent draws on the deep-mouthed train. Gay. While at the bow the watch Arion keeps, To shun what cruisers wander o'er the deeps. The struggle; vain, against the coiling strain And gripe, and deepening of the dragon's grasp, The old man's clench; the long envenomed chain Rivets the living links,-the enormous asp Enforces pang on pang, and stifles gasp on gasp. Id. DEER, n. s. Sax. deop; Goth. dyr; Belg. dier; Teut. their; from Gr. Ono; Æolic ono. and thence probably from Heb. 15, wild deer. Originally signifying any wild animal, though now confined to the cervine species. You have beaten my men, killed my deer, and broke open my lodge. The pale that held my lovely deer. Shakspeare. Waller. I was a stricken deer that left the herd Long since, with many an arrow deep infixed : My panting side was charged, when I withdrew To seek a tranquil death in distant shades. Cowper. Task. DEER, in zoology. See CERVUS. Of this useful animal there are three principal species in this country, viz. the stag, C. elaphus; the roe, C. capreolus; and C. dama the fallow deer. By castrating the males when newly dropped, says Mr. Loudon, which is not in the least dangerous, it affords the means of having good venison until Christmas, without any other sort of food than the common grass; they also fatten more quickly; the operation must, however, be performed while they are quite young. By stat. 16 Geo. III. cap. 30., if any person shall hunt or take in a snare, or kill or wound any red or fallow deer in any forest, chase, &c., whether enclosed or not; or in any closed park, paddock, &c., without the consent of the owner, or be aiding in such offence, they shall forfeit £20 for the first offence; and also £30 for each deer wounded, killed, or taken. A game-keeper offending, to forfeit double. For a second offence offenders shall be transported for seven years. By stat. 28 Geo. II. cap. 19, destroying goss, furze, and fern, in fojects the offenders to a penalty from £5 to 40s. rests and chases, being the covert for deer, subor to three months' imprisonment DEER, GREAT, an island of the East Indian sea, near the west coast of the island of Celebes. Long. 119° 35′ E., lat. 5° 12′ S. Seas, near the west coast of the island of Celebes. . DEER, LITTLE, a rocky islet in the Eastern Long. 119° 35′ E., lat. 5° 5' S. DEER ISLAND, or MULDONICH, a small island of the Hebrides, near that of Barry. DEER ISLAND, a small island of Ireland. in the bay of Galway. Long. 9° W., lat. 53° 9′ N.-Also an island on the coast of North America, in Penobscot Bay, about eighteen miles in circumfer ence. It is 170 miles north-east of Boston. Long. 68° 30′ W., lat. 41° 10' N.. DEFACE, v. a. DEFA'CER, DEFA'CEMENT. Fr. effacer; Lat. defa·cio, of de & facies, a face. To mar, disfigure, ruin, destroy. Defacement is the injury done. Defacer, he who performs or accomplishes it. But whanne ye fasten nyle be ye maad as ypocrites sorrowful, for thei defasen hem silf to seme fastynge to men, treuly I seye to you thei han resseyved her meede. Wiclif. Matt. 6. But what is this image, and how is it defaced? the poor men of Lyons will tell you, that the image of God is purity, and the defacement sin. Bacon. Give me leave to speak as earnestly in truly commending it, as you have done in untruly and unkindly defacing and slandering it. Whitgifte. Pay him six thousand, and deface the bond. Shakspeare. That foul defacer of God's handy work Thy womb let loose to chace us to our graves. Fatal this marriage, Defacing monuments of conquered France, Undoing all. Id. Id. As man was the image of God, so was that earthly paradise an image of heaven; both the images are defaced, both the first patterns are eternal. Bishop Hall. Contemplaions. Whose statues, freizes, columns broken lie, And, though defaced, the wonder of the eye. One nobler wretch can only rise, Tis he whose fury shall deface The stoick's image in this piece. Dryden. Prior. Thy very weeds are beautiful, thy waste More rich than other climes' fertility; Thy wreck a glory, and thy ruin graced With an immaculate charm which cannot be defaced. Byron. DE FACTO, something actually in fact, or existing; in contradiction to de jure, where a thing is only so in justice: as, a king de facto is a person who is actually in possession of a crown; and a king de jure is the person who has a just right to the crown. It was a distinction much in use at the period of the Revolution. DEFAʼILANCE, n.s. Fr. defaillance. Failure; miscarriage. Obsolete. The affections were the authors of that unhappy defailance. Glanville. DEFALCATE, v. a. Į Fr. defalquer; from DEFALCATION, n. s. falx, falcis a sickle. To cut off; to lop; to take away part of an allowance. The tea-table is set forth with its accustomary bill of fare, and without any defalcation. Addison. DEFALK, v. a. See DEFALCATE. To cut off; to lop away. What he defalks from some insipid sin, is but to make some other more gustful. DEFAME, v. a. & n. s. DEFAMER, N. S. DEFAMING, n. s. DEFAMATORY, adj. Decay of Piety. Fr. defamer; It. diffamare; Span. and Port. defamar; Latin, defamare, from Greek, onμn, farme, and de, privative. To slander, make infamous, calumniate, deprive of good fame or honor by words or deeds. Defamatory, is libellous; tending to defame. The substantives are obvious Defamation is the uttering of contumelious language of any one, with an intent of raising an ill fame of the party; and this extends to writing, as by defamatory libels; and to deeds, as reproachful postures, signs, and gestures. Ayliffe. Id. It may be a useful trial of the patience of the defamed, yet the lefamer has not the less crime. Government of the Tongue. The most eminent sin is the spreading of defamatory reports. They live as if they professed Christianity merely in spite, to defame it. Decay of Piety. Many dark and intricate motives there are to detraction and defamation; and many malicious spies are Addison. searching into the actions of a great man. DEFAMATION is punishable according to the nature of the offence, either by action upon the case at common law, or by statute in the ecclesiastical court. But what man wolde him selfe auise Spenser. Sonnets. Sundrye victorics hadde hee, and sommetime ouer throwes, but neuer in defaulte as for his owne parsone, either of hardinesse or polytike order. He came to the crown by a defeasible title, so was Davies. never settled. Defesance is a condition annexed to an act; as to an obligation, a recognizance, or statute, which performed by the obligee, or the cognizee, the act is dis abled and made void, as if it had never been done. Cowell. DEFEASANCE, or DEFEISANCE. The difference between a common condition and a defeasance is, that the condition is annexed to, or inserted in, the deed; and the defeasance is a deed by itself, concluded and agreed on between the parties, and having relation to another deed. DEFEAT, v. a. & n. s. Į Old Fr. desfaite, DEFEATURE, n s. from Lat. de, privative, and fucere, to complete an action. To overthrow; to frustrate; undo; mar. Shakspeare says, 'defeat thy favor,' meaning disguise thy face; and defeatures of the face mean disfigurations of it. deficient; to fall short of; to fail. Defect, as a substantive, is want; insufficiency; failure of that which is proper to a person or thing; and hence injury; mistake; error. Defection is a falling away; an act or course of apostasy; an abandonment: defectible, imperfect; wanting: defectibility, a state of deficiency, or imperfection. This defection and falling away from God was first found in angels, and afterwards in men. Raleigh. We had rather follow the perfections of them whom we like not, than in defects resemble them whom we love. Hooker. Neither can this be meant of evil governours or tyrants, but of some perverseness and defection in the very nation itself. Oft 'tis seen Our mean secures us, and our mere defects Prove our commodities. You praise yourself, Bacon. Shakspeare. He was diverted and drawn from hence by the They invaded Ireland, and were defeated by the general defection of the whole realm. lord Mountjoy. To his accusations Bacon. Id. Some lost themselves in attempts above humanity; yet the enquiries of most defected by the way, and tired within the sober circumference of knowledge. Browne's Vulgar Errours. Nor will polished amber, although it send forth a gross and corporeal exhalement, be found a long Id. time defective upon the exactest scales. The extraordinary persons, thus highly favoured, were for a great part of their lives in a defectible condition. Hale. The corruption of things corruptible depends upon the intrinsical defectibility of the connection or union of the parts of things corporal. Id. Origin of Mankind. Men, through some defect in the organs, want words, yet fail not to express their universal ideas by signs. Locke. It will very little help to cure my ignorance, that this is the best of four or five hypotheses proposed, which are all defective. Id. If we fall away after tasting of the good word of God, how criminal must such a defection be! Atterbury. There is more evil owing to our original defection from God, and the foolish and evil dispositions that Watts. are found in fallen man. And if youth has less of that prudence which is necessary to manage a, family, yet the parents and elder friends of young married persons are generally at hand to afford their advice, which amply supplies that defect. Franklin. But once achieved-though barbarpus wreck o'erthrow The sacred fane, and lay its glories low; DEFEND, v. a. DEFENDABLE, or DEFENDANT, n. s. & adj. Sheridan. to Fr. defendre; Span. defender; Ital. difendere; Lat. defendere, defensus, from σφενδόνω, fight with a sling,' as Minsheu suggests. To protect; shield; support; make secure; vindicate. Hence to repel; keep off, from the Latin verb; and therefore to forbid or beat off; to prohibit, from the French. See the examples from Chaucer and Milton. To defence, though obsolete, is used as an active verb in the received translation of the Bible. Defenceless is, without protection: defendible, that which may be defended, as is also defensible: and hence the latter likewise signifies justifiable; right: defendant is used as an adjective by Shakspeare. It and defender seem, in a general sense, synonymous; but, legally, the defendant is the party to a suit, who is sued or accused, A defensative is a guard, or, in surgery, a protecting bandage; a plaster. A defensive is also that which serves to defend. The adjective means proper for defence, or protection, as distinguished from assault. The adverb and participle explain themselves. Lo this same thing that ghe ben sorouful aftir god, bou mych bisynesse it wor chith in ghou, but defendgag, but yndignacioun, but drede, but desier, but loue, bat venaunce. Wiclif. 2 Cor. vii. My defence to hem that axen me, that is whethir we han not power to ete and drynke? Id. 1 Cor. 9. A very unsafe defensative it is against the fury of the lion, and surely no better than virginity, or blood royal, which Pliny doth place in cock-broth. Browne's Vulgar Errours. Severe defences may be made against wearing any linen under a certain breadth. Temple. The use of wine is little practised, and in some ·Id. places defended by customs or laws. the truth, as to procure it a weak defender. Undoubtedly there is no way so effectual to betray South. Id. If the bishop has no other defensatives but excommunication, no other power but that of the keys, he surrender up his pastoral staff. may And here the' access a gloomy grove defends And here the' unnavigable lake extends. Dryden. Do'st thou not mourn our power employed in vain, Id. And the defenders of our city slain? He would not be persuaded by danger to offer any offence, but only to stand upon the best defensive guard he could. Sidney. Let me be foremost to defend the throne, And guard my father's glories and my own. Ρυμ. Having often heard Venice represented as one of the most defensible cities in the world, I informed Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: de- myself in what its strength consists. fend me from them that rise up against me. Psalm lix. 1. Rehoboam dwelt in Jerusalem, and built cities for defence in Judah. 2 Chron. ii. 5. O Thomas, jeo vous dis, Thomas, Thomas! This maketh the fend, this muste ben amended, Ire is a thing that high God hath defended. Chaucer. Cant. Tales. Wars preventive, upon just fears, are true defensites, as well as on actual invasions. Bacon. They must make themselves defensible both against the natives and against strangers. Heaven defend your souls, that you think Id. Shakspeare. Addison. There is nothing so bad which will not admit of Sterne. something to he said in its defence. Those high towers, out of which the Romans might more conveniently fight with the defendants on the wall, those also were broken by Archimedes' engines. Wilkins's Math. Magic. I conceive it very defensible to disarm an adversary, Collier. and disable him from doing mischief. If I could not avoid his company, why did I not arm myself? Why did I venture defenceless into so much danger. The car of victory, the plume, the wreath, Defend not from the bolt of fate, the brave. Mason. Beattie. DEFENDER OF THE FAITH. Fidei defensor, a peculiar title belonging to the king of England; as Catholicus to the king of Spain, and Christian issimus to the king of France, &c. These titles were originally given by the popes. That of Fidei defensor was first conferred by Leo X. on king Henry VIII. for his memorable book against Martin Luther; and the bull for it bears date quinto idus Octob. 1521. It was afterwards confirmed by Clement VII. Chamberlayne says, the title belonged to the kings of England before that time; and for proof hereof appeals to several charters granted to the university of Oxford: so that pope Leo's bull was only a renovation of the ancient right. DEFER, v. a. & v. n. Fr. differer; Span. differir; Ital. differire; Lat. differre, from de and fero, to bear away. To put away for a time; to put off; delay; withhold. It is also used for refer, and thus becomes the parent of the substantive deference. The commissioners deferred the matter unto the earl of Northumberland, who was the principal man of authority in those parts Bacon. He will not leng defer We ought to show the regard, deference, and honour, which belong to superiors; and the candour, integrity, and benevolence, we owe to all. Mason. DE'FERENT, adj. & n. s. From Lat. deferens, of defero. See DEFER. That which carries or conveys. That carries up and down. The figures of pipes or concaves, through which sounds pass, or of other bodies deferent, conduce to the variety and alteration of the sound. Bacon. It is certain, however, it crosses the received opinion, that sounds may be created without air, though air be the most favourable deferent of sounds. Id. DEFFAND (Marie du), a Frencn lady, distinguished both for her talents and extensive acquaintance with the literati of the last century, was born in 1696, and was the daughter of Gaspard de Vichy, compte de Champ-Rond. She received an excellent education, but no care seems to have been taken to regulate her temper and moral habits, which displayed throughout her life a disgusting portion of selfishness. In 1718 she married J. B. J. du Deffand, marquis de la Lande, whose ancestors had signalised themselves by their attachment to the dukes of Burgundy. Madame du Deffand left no monument of her abilities except her Correspondence, which has been highly praised by D'Alembert, as affording a model of epistolary style. She died in 1780, having, during the last thirty years of her life, been afflicted with blindness. In 1810 appeared Correspondance inedite de Madame du Deffand avec D'Alembert, Montesquieu, le president Ilenault, la Duchesse du Maine; Mesdames de Choiseul, de Stael; le Marquis d'Argens, le Chevalier d'Aydie, &c., 3 vols. 8vo. Her Letters to Horace Walpole have also been printed. DEFIANCE. See DEFY. DEFICIENCE, or DEFICIENCY, N. S. DEFICIENT, adj. fection, defect. See DEFECT. Lat. deficio; de privative, and facio, to make. Want, imper Deficient; defective, imperfect. |