Sample X is hard skim cheese made from milk that had been skimmed by the De Laval centrifugal separator and is here given for the purpose of comparison.

From the results obtained I should conclude that all the samples were made from milk alone and that foreign fats had not been added in any case.

Samples No. E. 3509, E. 3515 appear to have been made from whole milk.

Samples No. E. 3510, E. 3511, E. 3514, appear to have been made from partly skimmed milk.

Sample No. E. 3512 appears to have been made from skimmed milk, perhaps from a centrifugal separator.

Samples No. E. 3513, E. 3518 and E. 3517 appear to have been made from milk to which varying amounts of cream had been added.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

BUTTER.

1

Analyst. VI. 10, 29, 32, 73, 74, 93, 153, 172, 195.

Wagner Jahr. 1856, C. Habich 279, Dingl. Polyt. Journ. 142–53. Polyt. Centralbl. 1857, 115.

Ancient samples of. Analyst, V. 17.

Irish Bog. Chem. News, 42, 47.

Chem. News, 41, 46.

Yield of. Wagner Jahr., 1858, Moser Arensteins Allg. 1. & forstw. Zeitung, 1858, 609.

Butter and Cheese. Wagner Jahr., 1858, 422.

Production of Butter and Cheese in the United States.

Jahr., R. Doehn, 1871, 665. Deut. Industriezeit. 1871, 406.

Copper in Butter. Analyst II, 36.

Wagner

Dingl. Polyt. Journ., 150,

Butter Coolers. Wagner Jahr., 1858. 160. Polyt. Centralbl. 1858, 1246. Centrifugal or Turbine Churn. G. M. de Stjerns waerd, Wagner Jahr., 1857, 336 fr. Bull. Soc. d'Encorm'nt 1857, 268. Polyt. Centralbl. 1858, 127.

Churning, Apparatus for. Petit. Wagner Jahr., 1857, 335. Genie, Ind., Dec. 1857, 28. Polyt. Centralbl., 1858, 202.

Butter Colors. Wagner Jahr., E. Schmitt, 1883, 981. Journ. des Sciences Med., Lille, V. 343.

Aroma in Butter. Chem. News, 37, 31 and 50.

Goats' Butter. C. Jehn, Wagner Jahr., 1883, 980. Arch. de Pharm., 221, 362.

Comparison of Butter with other Fats. J. Brown, Chem. News, 1873, 39.

Emulsification of Butter. A. Schischkoff, Wagner Jahr., 1874, 815. Ber., 1874, 486.

Formation of Butter on Churning. Storch, Wagner Jahr., 1881, 829. Milchzt., 1881, 589.

Preparation of Butter. Wagner Jahr., C. Fraas, 1857, 334; Die Natur d. Landw., 1857, 353; E. H. V. Baumhauer, Wagner Jahr., 1870, 520; Arch. Nederland, IV. 869, Dingler 195, 181; Chem. Centralbl., 1870, 943.

Preparation of Butter by Electricity. A. C. Tichenor, Wagner Jahr., 1884, 1061. D. R. P., 27, 795.

Preserved Butter. W. Fleischman, Wagner Jahr., 1883, Mlch. Zeit., 1883, p. 241, 2711.

Preservation of Butter. Bischof, Wagner Jahr., 26, 711.

Roll Butter from Normandy. Analyst, IV. 155.

Salting of Butter. H. Martini, Wagner Jahr., 1873, 690; Wochbl. f. Land, 1873, 202; Dingl. Polyt. 210, 478; Polyt. Centralbl., 1873;

1373.

Theory of Churning. Fr. Knapp, Wagner Jahr., 1869, 490; Dingl. Polyt. Jour., 192, 491; Polyt. Centralbl., 1869, 1387.

Rancidity of Butter. W. Hageman, Wagner Jahr., 1883, 975; Landw. Versuchss. 28, 201.

Cause of the Rancidity of Butter.

Analyst 2, 358.

Rancid Butter. Chem. News, XLVI. 150.

Adulteration of Butter. E. Meissl Dingl., 232, 229.

Adulteration of Butter in America. Wagner Jahr., 1881, 838. In

dustriebl., 1881, 44, 153.

Adulteration in New York, Report on. Analyst VII. 94.

Adulteration of Butter. Chem. News, XLV. 141.

Adulteration and Parliament. Analyst VII. 154.

Law as to Adulteration in the United States. Analyst VIII. 139.

PROSECUTIONS, ETC., FOR SELLING ADULTERATED BUTTER AND BUTTERINE.

Prosecutions for Adulteration. Analyst IV. 12, 13, 34, 36, 73, 138, 155, 156, 157, 175, 194, 196, 212, 215; Analyst VIII. 48, 50, 90, 149; Analyst IX. 9, 52. Prosecutions for Selling Adulterated and short weighted Butter. Analyst I. 34,55, 117, 118, 153, 154, 169; Analyst II. 50, 69, 82, 83, 84, 185, 201, 227; Analyst III. 243, 278, 298, 333, 348, 350. Prosecutions for Adulterated Butter. Analyst V. 86, 132, 170. Butterine and Declaring it According to the Act. Analyst II, 82. Butterine, Prosecutions for Selling. Analyst VIII. 49, 162, 163. Butterine, Prosecutions for Selling for Butter. Analyst I. 174, III. 314, IX. 29, 31, 51, 71.

Butter and Butterine Prosecutions. Analyst VII. 71, 104, 106, 186, 206.

Prosecution for Refusing to Sell Butter to Inspector. Analyst, I. 118,

154.

Conviction for Selling Fictitious Butter. Analyst, III. 314.
Butter Adulterated with Soapstone. Analyst, VI. 14.

Butter Adulterated with Tallow. Analyst, VI. 225.

Butterine Sold for Butter. Analyst, VI, 52, 196, 212,235; V. 193, 229.
Butter Prosecutions at Cheltenham. A. H. Church, Analyst, II. 55.
Mr. Horsley and Correspondence. Anyalst, II. 59.
Patent for Converting Fat into Butter. Analyst, 1. 195.

ARTIFICIAL BUTTER.

Mège-Mouries, Wagner Jahr., 1872, 617; Monit. Sci., 1872, 740; Chemical News, 1872, 106; F. Boudet, 1872, 617; Monit. Sci., 1872, 741; E. Jacobsen Indus. bl., 1876, 405; Dt. Ind. Ztg., 1876, 425; E. Jacobsen, Wagner, 1876, 898; R. Godeffroy, Arch. d. Pharm., 10, 146; Ind. bl., 1877, 126; Dingl. Poly., Jour. 224, 204; Chem, Centr. bl., 1877, 319; D't Ind. ztg., 1877, 156; Jaroslouski, Wagner, Jahr., 1880, 711.

Preparation of Artificial Butter. A. Hilger, Jahr. ud. Fortschr d. Agri. Chem., 1880, 487. F. Boegel, Industrie bl., 1881, 258. Manufacture of Artificial Butter. H. A. Mott, American Chemist, VII. 233; Monit. Sci., 1877, 1082; List. Wagner Jahr., 1880, 951

Remarks on the Manufacture of Artificial Butter. Towaillon, Uhland's Maschinen Construction, 1877, 233.

Value of Artificial Butter as Food. A. Mayer, Landw. Versuchss, 29, 215; Wagner, Jahr., 1883, 980.

On Butterine. A. Angell, Analyst, VI. 3.

Preparation of Butterine. Analyst, V. 105, 106; Wagner, 1881, 840, B. Hoffman.

The American Dairyman on Butter and Butterine.

Analyst, III. 317. Use of Butter in Butterine Manufacture. Analyst, VIII, 113. Preparation of Oleomargarine. Industrie bl., 1877, No. 24, 219; No. 26, 233; No. 27, 244; No. 28, 250.

Manufacture of Fictitious Butter in the United States. Chemical News, 42, 165.

Butter and margarine. Chemical News, 44, 81.

Butter Substitutes. Analyst, VI. 167. A. Angell, Analyst, VIII. 110.

BUTTER ANALYSIS.

J. Muter, Analyst, I, 39; W. Fox, Analyst, IX. 73; J. A. Wanklyn,
Analyst, IX. 73; H. Leffman, Analyst, IX. 199; Chemical News,
37, 7 and 20; 39, 124; 49, 59; 51, 36; 1878, p. 7, Corfield.
Analysis of Butter-fat. F. P. Perkins, Analyst, IV. 142.
Butter Analysis in New York. Analyst, III. 317.
Butter Analysis in Somerset, Analyst, VIII. 51.

Butter Analysis in Scotland. Analyst, I. 11 and 105.

Improvements in Butter Analysis. A. Angell, Chemical News, 32, 69. Analyses of Samples of Genuine Butter.

E. Reichardt, .Wagner,

Jahr., 1884, 1062; Arch d' Pharm., 222, p. 93.

Composition and Analysis of Butter. A. Dupré, Analyst, I, 87, 114. A. Dupré, Arch. Pharm., XII. 76; Chem. Centr., 1878, 623. E. W. T. Jones, Analyst, II. 19 and 37.

New Method of Analysis. Dr. Koettstorfer, Zeits. Anal. Chem., 18, 199, 431; Analyst, 1879, p. 199; Arch. Pharm., 1879, p. 74; Ber., 1878, 1133; Chem. Centralhalle, 1870, 558; Dingl. Põlyt. Jonrn., 232, 286.

Relation between Koettstorfer's and Old Processes. Analyst, IV. 182. Koettstorfer's method of Butter Analysis. P. W. Moore, Chemical News, 50, p. 268.

Expressions of Results of Koettstorfer's Process. Analyst, IV. 162. Results by Koettstorfer's Process. Analyst, IV. 162; A. H. Allen. Results by Koettstorfer's Process. Analyst, IV. 192; G. W. Wigner. New method of Butter Analyses. Dr. Milne, Analyst, IV. 40. Testing of Butter. O. Hehner, zts. f. Anal. Chem., 1877, 145; Dingler, Polyt. Journ., 225, 404; Wagner Jahr., 1877, 827. Hehner's Test for Butter. W. Heintz, zts. Anal. Chem., 1878, p. 160; Arch. Pharm., IX. p. 541; Chem. Centrbl., 1878, 624; Wagner Jahr. 24, 996. Kretschmar, Ber., 1878, 2091; Dingler, Polyt. Journ., .227, 591; Bull. Soc. Chim., 1878, 173; Chem. Centrbl., 1878, 104. Kuleschoff, Bull. Soc., Chim., 1878, 371; Wagner, Jahr,, 24, 999; Ber., 1878, 534; Chem. Centrbl., 1878, 344. Fleischman & Vieth, zts. Anal. Chem., 1878, 287; Wagner Jahr., 24, 999; Arch de Pharm., 1878, 257; Chem. Centrbl., 1878, 664. Jehn, Arch.

Pharm., 1878, 128; Wagner, Jahr., 24, 1000; Chem. Centrbl., 1878 234. Skalweit, Jahrb. d. Unt. f. Lbsult, 1878, 22. Sachssee, zts. Anal. Chem., 1878, 192. Wagner Jahrb., 24, 1000; Arch. Pharm., 1878, 543.

Butter Test, Reichert. Zts. Anal. Chem., 18, 68; Wagner, Jahr., 25 944; Ind. Blatt., 1879, 158; Chem. Centrbl., 1879, 49; Bull. Soc. Chem., 1879, 377.

Examination of Butter by Reichert. H. Beckert's Pharm., Centrbl., 1883, 557; Wagner, Jahr., 1883, 978.

Notes on Reichert's method of Butter Analyses. R. W. Moore, Chemical News, p. 151.

A Method of Testing Butter. E. Reichardt, Arch. d. Pharm., 1877, 339; Dingl. Journ., 225, 213.

Simple Method of Testing Butter.

Mylius, Ind. Bl., 1879, 558;

Wagner, Jahr., 25, 950; Chem. Centrbl., 1879, 558.

Butter Testing. Meissl, Dingl. Polyt. Jour., 233, 229; Wagner, Jahr.

25, 947; Chem. Centr., 1879, 586.

R. Sendtner, Examination of Butter. 1883, 579; Wagner, Jahr., 1883, 979.

Ac. Meissl, Arch. f. Hygiene,

Detection of Oleomargarine. P. Casamajor, Chem. News, 44, 309; Wagner, Jahr., 1881, 839; Chem. News, XLI, 77.

Detection of Spurious Butter. Chem. News, 46, 281.

Detection of Adulteration, 40, 312.

Detection of Adulteration, 48, 170.

Detection of Fatty Matters introduced into Butter. Chem. News, 37,

163.

Detection of Adulteration of Butter with Animal Fats. E. Jaillard Les Mondes, 1877, Aug. No. 14; Wagner, Jahr., 1877, 829; Dingler Polyt. Journ., 226, 325. J. W. Gatehouse, Rapid Method of, Chem. News, No. 839, p. 297.

Examination of Adulteration of Butter. E. Valenta, Beilage d. ztsft. f. Landw., Gewrb., 1883, 9.

Examination of Butter for Tallow. O. Kunstman, Pharm. Centrh., 1875, 9; Wagner, Jahr., 1875, 909; Polyt. Centrbl., 1875, 392. Examination of Butter. Cook, zts. Anal. Chem. 1879, 111; Wagner Jahr., 26, 712. Lenz, zts. Anal. Chem., 1880, 370; Wagner, 26, 712. Donny, Wagner Jahr., 26, 711; Chem. News, 47, 35; Chem. News, 47, 49; Chemical News, 47, 52. Hoorn, Polyt. Centr., 1871, 1188, Wagner, Jahr., 1871, 671; Dt. Indzt, 1871, 327; Chem. Centrbl., 1871, 49. Kressner, zts. Anal. Chem., 18, 83; Wagner Jahr., 25, 951; Chem. Centrbl., 1879, 83; Chem. News, 50, 68; Chem. News, 50, 192; Chem. News, 50, 213; Chem. News, 42, 306. Medicus & Scherer, zts. Anal. Chem. 1880, 159; Wagner, Jahr., 26, 712. J. Munier, zts. Anal. Chem., 1882, 394; Wagner Jahr., 1882, 928.

Contribution to Butter Examination. Koenig, Ind. bl., 1879, p. 455; Wagner Jahr.,25, 947; Dingl. Poly. Journ., 232, 286; Chem. Centrbl., 1879, 127. Magnier la Source.

Examination of Butter. Repert. Pharm., 38, 46; Wagner Jahr., 1882, 929. M. Leibschutz. Am. Chem. Soc., IV. 544; Analyst, VII. 134. Distinguishing Between Butter and Oleomargarine. Analyst, VI. 54. A. Mayer, Fehling's Landw. Ztg., 31, 92.