schools, and the resulting reports have attracted the attention of English teachers throughout the United States.

"The census of 1920 shows that there are approximately 418,000 adults in Pennsylvania who cannot read or write. These are found in every county of the state. In 43 of the counties the number of illiterates ranges from 1,000 to 79,125. This vast army of illiterates can share in only a limited way in either the opportunities or the obligations which citizenship in this Commonwealth affords. They will not be able to make their greatest contribution to American life or realize its complete advantages until they have acquired the ability to transact their own private affairs and to make known their desires and needs in English-the common language of the country. To be sure, the great majority of those unprepared are of foreign birth, but our duty in the premises is none the less urgent. We have invited these people here to help us in our tasks of development, we have profited by their art and industry, and we must give them every opportunity to attain their full stature, mental, moral and spiritual. I recommend, therefore, that an effective state-wide program for the elimination of adult illiteracy be inaugurated without delay, by establishing a bureau for that purpose in the Department of Public Instruction."-From an address by Governor William C. Sproul, to the General Assembly of Pennsylvania.

Book Reviews

So many books are sent to this department of EDUCATION that it is impossible to review them all. Naturally we feel under obligation to give preference to the books of those publishing houses which more or less frequently use our advertising pages. Outside of the limitations thus set, we shall usually be able and glad to mention by title, authors, and publishers, such books as are sent to us for this purpose. More elaborate notices will necessarily be conditional upon our convenience and the character of the books themselves.

TRAINING FOR LIBRARIANSHIP. Lippincott Co.

By J. H. Freidel, M. A. J. B

This is a timely volume of 224 pages, covering the essentials for a training in the profession of librarianism. At present there is a wide demand for librarians. One large city library alone recently needed and called for candidates for over two hundred vacancies on its staff. The profession pays salaries from eight hundred or a thousand dollars up to many thousands per year. But careful training and experience are necessary, especially for the better positions. This book is a very thorough treatment of the matter and should be in the hands of every aspirant for a library job.

CANCIONES POPULARES. Arranged by Allena Luce. Foreword by Prof. J. D. M. Ford, of Harvard University. Silver, Burdett & Co.

A collection of idiomatic songs from Spain and Spanish America. The text is entirely in Spanish. The songs are suited to the traditions of the people. Any one who has heard Porto Rican singing will be eager to hear these songs. The book will be a great aid in the case of those who are studying the now popular branch of the Spanish Language with a view to business or residence among Spanish-speaking peoples.

THE A B C OF EVOLUTION. By Joseph McCabe. G. P. Putnam's Sons.

This little volume, in 124 pages, tells the essential facts in the theory of evolution. While strictly scientific, it is clear and quite free from unintelligible scientific terms. It should have a wide reading.

HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY. By W. T. Webb, M. A. E. P. Dutton & Company.

A thoroughly English book, the author being some time professor of English Literature in Calcutta, and drawing illustrative matter chiefly from England and India. The chapters show English thoroughness in scholarship and accuracy of statement. An excellent feature is found in a considerable number of "Sample Essays.

THE SCHOLAR'S LARGER LIFE. By Rev. James L. Hill. With an Introduction by Mrs. James L. Hill. Boston, The Stratford Company.

Contains the latest collection of Dr. Hill's essays and addresses. He understands human nature and is a great lover of boys and a strenuous worker with church young people of both sexes.

A GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF OCCUPATIONS. By Frederick J. Allen. The Harvard University Press.

This book gives a selected critical bibliography of the common occupations, with specific references for their study. It will have a wide field of usefulness in the circles where vocational education is now being advocated and practiced, and that means wherever there are good schools and intelligent teachers.

CUENTOS Y LECTURAS EN CASTELLANO. By Maria Solano. Silver, Burdett and Company.

A very elementary Spanish Reader, which may be used by the student of the Spanish language at the beginning of his work. The book was a growth out of its author's actual experience while teaching teachers how to teach Spanish in the city schools of Boston.

ELEMENTARY HOME ECONOMICS.

B. S. Little, Brown & Co.

By Mary Lockwood Matthews,

The author is Head of the Home Economics Department of Perdue University, and her book is the outgrowth of much study and experience in home economics. It is notable for the way in which it covers in a single volume the varied subjects of sewing, textiles, food and cooking, and the care of the house. It is well adapted for ordinary public school use in the seventh and eighth grades. A feature is the "Home Problems and Questions," which will appeal to the individual pupil and call out thought and develop interest. There are many attractive illustrations.

THE BOOK OF CHILDREN'S GAMES. By Constance Wakeford Long. E. P. Dutton & Co.

This book describes and illustrates by many diagrams about one hundred games for school and playground use. Where musical accompaniments are necessary, the appropriate music is given.

THE ESSENTIALS OF GOOD TEACHING. By Edwin Arthur Turner. With an Introduction by Lotus D. Coffman. D. C. Heath & Company.

The value of this book, written by the Director of Practice Teaching in the Illinois State Normal University, lies in the emphasis which it lays upon principles. Teaching is distinguished from other forms of doing; its "aim" is defined; the growth of subject-matter; the organiza

tion of the same; the child-factor; habit formation; the emotional factor; means of generating a sense of responsibility; these and other equally important matters are dwelt upon in chapters that are as interesting as they are essential. Every ambitious teacher should own, read and digest this helpful volume.

ELEMENTARY CALCULUS. By William F. Osgood, Ph. D., LL. D. The Macmillan Company.

An undergraduates' treatment of the Calculus. It illustrates the ideas and methods of the Calculus by means of its application to physics and geometry, thus connecting the subject with that which is familiar to the pupil. The thought, underlying the method, is stressed. The formal processes and the technique of the Calculus are treated with due care and explicitness. An all-around treatment of an important subject, for students who are preparing for further scientific study and work.

CORRELATED MATHEMATICS FOR JUNIOR COLLEGES. By Ernst R. Breslich. The University of Chicago Press.

There is an economy in treating mathematical topics in combination instead of seriatim. Such treatment keeps the student alert in the different branches and possessed of a balanced judgment, and places him at the completion of the course distinctly ahead of those pursuing the old-time policy of taking up first one subject and then another, and being left at each stage with the feeling that each had been "finished" before taking up the next. The authors of this volume try to convey the impression to each student that there is still much more to learn after he has closed any course in mathematics. The books of this series have been carefully tested in the University High School at Chicago, and by college entrance examinations, and it has been shown that they put their students in a distinctly superior place, above any and all other methods of mathematical instruction.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF VILLAGE AND CONSOLIDATED SCHOOLS. By Rose L. Finney, Ph. D., and Alfred L. Schafer, Ph. D. The Macmillan Company.

The distinctive merit of this volume is that it fills a need that has long existed for a book dealing with country schools in distinction from city schools. The problems of the two are quite distinct in many particulars, and country school teachers have been left to solve their problems as best they could. Part I treats of governmental administration; Part II of the principal's personal-official relations; Part III of the needs of the child; Part IV of the business side; Part V considers sev

eral important matters, such as getting a good start, class room management, consolidation, the transportation problem, the social life of the community, the principal's professional career, etc. This book deserves, and will doubtless receive, a wide reading, and it will help in the widespread movement for the improvement of the rural schools.

AMERICAN LEADERS. Book Two. By Walter Lefferts, Ph. D. Illustrated. J. B. Lippincott Company.

This second volume brings the characters of our great leaders up to the present time, and includes some who are living today. Truth is stranger and more instructive and inspiring than fiction. We are here told about the interesting and useful lives of such men as Eli Whitney, who made cotton king; Robert Fulton, who made steam propel a boat on the Hudson; Alexander Graham Bell, who learned how to send the human voice along a wire, etc., etc. This is the kind of book that appeals to the boy or girl with good healthful ambition and the desire to count for something worth while in this old world that is ever full of things that are new.

COMMERCIAL RESEARCH: An Outline of Working Principles. By C. S. Duncan, Ph. D., University of Chicago. The Macmillan Company.

Modern business is a science, and a careful study of its principles is a necessity, if success is to be the reward of activity. Every educated person should be, every business man must be, familiar with the main facts, principles and methods of business. These can be acquired slowly by experience,-more rapidly by study, plus experience. As a majority of the graduates of our schools ultimately go into business, business should be taught in the schools. This volume furnishes the most complete and fundamental guidance on this subject of any book we have seen. It will be well worth while for any business man to take the time to read it. High schools and business colleges will find it a most satisfactory text-book.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF SCIENCE. By Wayne P. Smith and Edmund Gale Jewett. The Macmillan Company.

The course of study laid out in this volume aims to follow the time order of mental development of the pupils. This, the authors believe, will materially aid the student in acquiring a scientific habit of mind. This psychological emphasis dominates the treatment of the natural phenomena and laws which are brought under observation and investigation throughout the book. There is sufficient material for a year's work, with provision for a half-year if desired. The volume is well and fully illustrated.