poison, at least as far as it is the result of vaccination. Dr. Wolf says, he obtained very favorable results from Tartar-emetic in influenza, whooping-cough, croup, all sorts of catarrh, typhus, chlorosis, &c. To small children, where there is no danger in delay, one dose of Tartar-emetic 30° should be given; in more acute cases, Tartaremetic 30 in solution every one, two or three hours; in grown persons Tartar-emetic every two to six hours may be given. The most obstinate forms of megrim, prosopalgia and odontalgia are removed by Argentum-nitr. 2000.

The following remedies act favorably in some cases, though not direct antidotes to the sycotic poison.

Cyclamen. In diplopia, and one-sided headaches.

Acid-benzoicum, in some cases of diseases of the urinary organs and the heart.

Anacardium in weakness of mind.

The length of time required for a radical cure of sycotic disease differs greatly. In some cases from one, to three, four or five years may be required. But only by adhering to the above rules, which are the result of long and extensive experience can a satisfactory degree of success be obtained; and thus may be restored to mankind the greatest earthly boon that has yet been sought for a sound mind in a sound body.

Helminthia.-Worms in sycotic subjects are best removed by Thuja, which, by antidoting the sycotic poison, cures also the disposition to worms.

Varices, varicocele, hæmorrhoidal tumors, black stools, &c., are becoming constantly more prevalent. When they are not cured by the old remedies, Sulphur, Pulsatilla, Lycopodium or Fluoric-acid, they have a sycotic origin, and are best treated by Thuja.

Painfulness and swelling of the liver and spleen; the former giving rise to depositions of fat and pigment and to the formation of sugar; the latter causing chlorosis and leucemia in women, and cadaverous look and hypochondriasis oftener in men; fatty tumors, the fatty liver, heart, &c., are all cured or prevented by a timely use of Thuja. The same is present in diabetes mellitus, which is often the immediate consequence of vaccination or re-vaccination, and has been observed in children before the age of puberty, a case hitherto unheard of. All these affections of the liver run their course without any symptoms of jaundice.

Degeneration of the skin, nails, and toes is caused by the sycotic poison; also sweating of the hands and feet, panaritium, the pains in the soles or heels not depending on any organic lesions or disorganization of the parts, corns, chilblains, &c. All of these mostly depend on the sycotic poison and are therefore curable by Thuja. The con

tinuation of the sycotic poisoning, reaching the respiratory organs, provinces extraordinarily severe catarrhs of the nose, with a secretion smilar in coice and odor to the secretion of the sycotic gonorrhoea, and mus with pics lerable relief to all other symptoms. Where, how even as morrisis is in some way checked, it gives rise to a lonela sam which often increases to phthisis.

Tea—Case by Dr. Kellogg, of Troy, New-York. A man aged drm, lai a pricing pedicillated sycotic excrescence, one-third of an 2.1 1 2 1e verge of the anus, secreting a foetid mucus requrag như maag of his cloths during the day, and frequent ab

a great source of irritation and annoyance. It was proposed Tests and cauterize it; but presenting a marked case for Thuja, van de beu afection and in a general sycotic diathesis, as the fart, stored several small excrescences of similar character on other

e body; Thuja was given in a dose of one drop of the The syeotie fungus disappeared without receiving further atni a, soi was forgotten till no trace of it remained. The sycotic dass ¤ is case was inherited from the mother who was subject a at uners originating in the same morbid idiosyncrasy. In a case vis here cured by a single dose of one remedy a spontaneous

GENUS IX. ELEPHANTIA.

MORBUS PHOENICIENS.

Juniciens-A disease so called from the limbs of persons atom vil I grewing scaly, rough, and very large, at an advanced ne legs of an elephant. The disease attacks the whole Pastega"y affects the legs or feet, which appear somewhat ene elephant.

such as describe two species: 1. Elephantiasis græcorum.

escribed by Aretæus, as beginning with tubercular see. See Lapra Anaesthetica.

A

Arabicum.-This is the true elephantiasis. It vertrophy of the skin, areolar tissues and bones, en with a peculiar cacoplastic deposit. The e and the papillæ enlarged, though not much ar tissue is thickened, its areolæ expanded, and aneus looking matter. In cases which Druitt sep.cal appearances were those of hypertrophy

$ Jour Homœop. Vol I, p. 57.

of the tissue involved. The bones also of the affected limb became enlarged and heavy."

This is a disease almost peculiar to hot climates though we have some cases of it in New-York. The dark races are more liable to it than the fair. In India it is particularly liable to attack the scrotum which it converts into a huge tumor. In the West Indies the leg is its favorite seat; hence the term "Barbadoes leg."

It begins insidiously, with feverish or aguish symptoms; pain in the leg about to be attacked; firm, doughy swelling resembling phlegmasia alba dolens; and some tenderness of the lymphatic glands. In the course of months, or perhaps of years, the patient suffers a repetition of these attacks. The limb becomes permanently swelled, and in confirmed cases, presents a huge, misshapen, useless member like the leg of an elephant, hard and almost insensible to the touch, yet painful. A foetid discharge is liable to ooze from the skin; or ulcers may form, and if not very extensive, may diminish the pain, and seem to eliminate something noxious. (Elements of Surgery.)

SYMPTOMS: The skin becomes thick, rough, wrinkly, unctuous, and void of hair, and gradually losing the sense of feeling. By many writers it is considered a species of leprosy; but it is radically distinct in its nature, and often exists many years without being accompanied with any of the symptoms characteristic of that disease.

Elephantiasis comes on gradually without much previous indisposition; but generally the person is seized with a coldness and shivering, pains in the head, back and loins, with some degree of nausea. A slight fever then ensues, and a severe pain is felt in one of the inguinal glands, which after a short time, becomes hard, swelled and inflamed. No suppuration, however, ensues; but a red streak may be observed running down the thigh from the inflamed gland to the leg. As the inflammation increases in all the parts, the fever gradually abates, and, perhaps, after two or three days continuance, it goes off. It, however, returns at uncertain periods, leaving the leg greatly swollen with varicose, turgid veins, the skin rough and rugged, and a thickened membrana cellulosa. Scales appear also on the surface, which do not fall off, but are enlarged by the increasing thickness of the membranes; uneven lumps, with deep fissures are formed, and the leg and foot become at last of an enormous size. A person may labor under this disease many years without finding much alteration in his general health, except during the continuance of the attacks; and perhaps the chief inconvenience he will experience is the enormous bulky leg which he drags about with him. The incumbrance has indeed induced many who labored under this disease to submit to an amputation; but the operation seldom proves a radical cure, as the other leg frequently becomes affected. Hilary observed, that he never

saw both legs swelled at the same time. Instances have, however, fallen under the notice of other physicians, in which both legs became of frightful and prodigious size.

Causes. Elephantiasis has generally been supposed to arise in consequence of some slight attack of fever, on the cessation of which the morbid matter produces obstruction in the lymphatics and veins of the leg, occasioning distention and tumefaction of the limb, which is afterwards overspread with uneven lumps and deep fissures.

TREATMENT.-The usual remedy proposed is the knife; Mr Dalton (of Guiana, Lancet, 1846, p. 453) shows, that in the earlier stages the disease may at least be controlled if not checked.

Prof. Carnochan, of New-York, was the first to attempt to cure this disease by applying a ligature to the artery by which the diseased limb is mainly supplied with blood; and he has published a few cases in which he tried this practice with apparent success. Dr. Erichsen, of London, has since pursued the same treatment by tying the anterior tibial artery to cure the disease in the foot. Other cases have also been reported, all of which are said to have been successful. (See Charleston Med. Journal, March, 1860.) In Dr. Ogier's case, that of a negro, aged twenty-six, the disease had existed for five years, and the size of the leg and foot was such, that they had be come a burden, and amputation was desired. The femoral artery was tied with a hempen ligature. The next day the reaction was high, the pulse rising to 180 per minute. This was controlled by Veratrumviride. The leg and foot decreased on the second day to half the size preceding the operation. Three months later they had subsided to nearly the natural size; the patient walked about and felt no pain or uneasiness.

These cases, in which there is seen a gratifying result of surgical skill can not yet be accepted as satisfactory cures of disease. The original dyscrasia which existed in every case was still there; and a a long course of constitutional treatment was needed to remove it. The only remedies which have power to remove elephantia are those which have been successfully used for lepra in its different forms. These are: Arsenicum, Alumina, Carbo-animalis, Carbo-veg., Caus Graph, Natr., Petroleum, Phos., Sepia, Sil., Sulphur. Arsenicum has hitherto been most successful. (See Lepra-Anaesthetica. Index.)

GENUS X.-SCORBUTUS.-SCURVY.

The name scorbutus is from the German scharbock, or Dutch scorbeck, sore mouth.

CHARACTERISTICS.-Extreme debility; complexion pale and bloated;

spongy gums; livid spots on the skin; breath offensive; oedematous swellings of the legs; hæmorrhages; foul ulcers; urine foetid; stools extremely offensive.

It is not yet a century since scurvy was regarded by all civilized nations as the most terrible scourge of the naval service. In those times when it was said of "Britannia" that

"Her march was on the mountain wave,
Her home was on the deep,"

how often did this disease strike down with blighting paralysis "the right arm of the nation's defence!" It was common, says Sir John Herschel, to see "death to the number of eight or ten a day in a moderate ship's company; bodies sewn up in hammocks and washing about the decks for want of strength and spirits on the part of the miserable survivers to cast them over board." So tremendous were the ravages of scurvy, that in the year 1726 Admiral Hosier sailed with seven ships of the line to the West Indies; and before he was able to complete his voyage he lost two entire crews, burying his entire ships' companies twice over, and then, in consequence, died himself of a broken heart.

Lord Anson, during his voyage round the world, lost more than four-fifths of his officers and men. Sir Richard Hawkins states, that within his own naval experience he had known more than ten thousand men perish from scurvy. In 1778, Dr. Johnson thus described a sea

"As to the sailor, when you look down from the quarter-deck to the space below, you see the utmost extremity of human misery,such crowding, such filth, such stench!" "A ship is a prison with the chance of being drowned; it is worse-worse in every respect― worse air, worse food, worse company!"

Although this disease has been considered as almost annihilated from modern naval service, under exceptional circumstances it occasionally occurs again. During the war with Mexico, in 1846, several of the largest American ships were rendered entirely useless by the prevalence of scurvy among the officers and crew in an aggravated form. When the Raritan was ordered northward from Vera Cruz, she had on board more than two-hundred cases of the most malignant scurvy, and but few of the crew on duty were free from the disease. (Dr. Foltz's Report, 1848.)

It has also appeared in some of the recent polar expeditions. Sir L. McClintock gives a melancholy narrative of the suffering of Lieut. Hobson, of the expedition in search of Sir John Franklin. Scurvy is still common in the merchant service, though the mortality 's not now generally great. In 1859, of 172,506 seamen who sailed from England there were only thirty-seven deaths from scurvy.