(first the Lucani, then the Bruttii) against the Greeks, which was first settled not very long before 400 B.C.; and it appears to have been destroyed by the Romans in the first half of the second century B.C., i.e. after it had given help to Hannibal in the second Punic War. 1

Orsi publishes an important report on pre-Hellenic cemeteries at Torre Galli near the west coast of Calabria, and Canale, Ianchina, and Patariti near Locri, which he dates to the Villanova period (tenth-seventh century B.C.), considering them however to be Sicel.2

Turning to Sicily, we found that more work has been done at Agrigento (as Girgenti is now officially called), and a full account of the site and of recent excavations there will shortly be published. It was recently announced in The Times that the temples of Castor and Pollux and of Vulcan were assignable to the first half of the fifth century, and that the latter had been built on the site of an earlier shrine of the late seventh century. prehistoric Siculan city was also found on a hill above the railway.

In Sardinia, near the mines of Montevecchio near Arbus, one of the characteristic "tombs of the giants" has been excavated, but unfortunately it had been rifled in Punic and Roman times, and used for later burials. Some objects of the nuragic period were, however, also found; but Taramellis believes that this is an instance in which the type of construction persisted into the Carthaginian period. A number of bronze nails were discovered near the bodies, and had evidently been placed there to guard the dead against harm. 4

Excavations have also been carried on in the Nuraghe

1 Ferri in Not. Scavi, 1927, 336-358.

* Mon. Ant., xxxi. 6-376; cf. Von Duhn op. cit., 278, 303, and his article Sikuler auf dem Festland in Ebert's Reallexikon.

3 Taramelli in Not. Scavi, 1927, 360-366.

4 Bellucci, I chiodi nell 'etnografia antica e contemporanea, Perugia, 1919.

Taramelli in Mon. Ant., xxxi. 405-456

Sa domu e s'orcu near Sarrok, 5 on the south-west of the island, which originally consisted of a single round tower, to which a fortified enceinte and another tower were later added,1 and contained the usual objects of the Bronze Age, but showed traces of having been demolished by the Carthaginians and used again for some time in the Roman period.

A hoard of 314 large bronzes of the second century A.D. has been found at Gonnoscodina, not very far from Oristano, in the centre of the west side of the island, and two more, ranging from Hadrian to Gallienus (368 large bronzes in all) at Capoterra, a few miles west of Cagliari.

2

With regard to North Africa, Africa Italiana3 contains the following articles, among others :

(1) On a relief from Bengasi of the middle of the fourth century B.C. with considerable traces of painting. There were five figures, each completely independent of one another, apparently local divinities, and the relief appears to have been set up by a certain Lysanias in gratitude for his victories in athletic contests.

(2) On a Pythian Apollo from the thermae at Cyrene, pre-omphalos" type, 5 a new example of a type, which is interesting as having been originally an Asclepios of the fourth-third century B.C. with a dedicatory inscription on the plinth, converted into an Apollo late in the second century A.D.

6

3) On archaeological work at Cyrene in 1925, dealing especially with the sanctuary of Apollo and the other buildings surrounding it, notably the great altar belonging to it, the temple of Artemis, and a variety of other sanctuaries and shrines. The large thermae have been

1 Compare the nuraghe of S. Barbara near Villanova Truscheddu (Taramelli in Not. Scavi, 1915, 305-313).

2 Taramelli in Not. Scavi, 1927, 116 sqq.

4 101-115 (Ghislanzoni).

6 126-158 (Pernier and Oliverio).

3 Y.W., 1927, 115.

5 116-122 (Ferri).

Y.W., 1926, 125.

already described, 1 while the smaller thermae constructed in the fifth century A.D. at the expense of earlier buildings, and repaired in Byzantine times, have not yet been published. It was in them that several important inscriptions were found, notably the Delphic law of purification.

(4) On a portrait head with considerable remains of colour found in an Iseum on the Acropolis of Cyrene which Anti identifies with Berenice II. 2

(5) On various discoveries in Tripolitania 3 between 1920 and 1925, including some Roman thermae at Misurata, a Roman villa with fine pavements at Tagiura; some Roman thermae at Naggàza on the road between Tripoli and Homs, 93 kilometres from the former, another villa at Homs with fine mosaic pavements and rooms arranged round a courtyard.

We may note the discussion by J. G. C. Anderson' of a remarkable series of Augustan edicts from Cyrene.

THOMAS ASHBY.

1 Ghislanzoni and Guastini in Notiziario archeologico del Ministero delle Colonie, ii. (1916), 5-151.

2 167-178, cf Notiziario iv., 165 sqq.

3

213 sqq. (Bartoccini).

1 J.R.S. (1927), 33 sqq.; cf. also Abh. der Berliner Akademie, 1925, 5, for other inscriptions, notably one dealing with the constitution of Cyrene in 248-247 B.C., and a treaty of the th rd century B.C. between the confederation of Cyrene and the King of Egypt.