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Reason hath clear'd my sight, and drawn the vail
Of doatage that so dark'd my understanding.
Albumazar, O. Pl., vii, 250.
Sorrow doth darke the judgement of the wytte.
Ferrex & Porrex, O. Pl., i, 137.
DARKLING. A word still current in
poetry, having been used by Milton,
Dryden, and others. Involved in
darkness.

O wilt thou darkling leave me ?-Do not so.
Mids. N. Dr., ii, 3.
O sun,
Burn the great sphere thou mov'st in! darkling stand
The varying shore o' the world! Ant. & Cl., iv, 13.
DARNEL. Readers of Shakespeare,
who are not versed in botany, do not,
I believe, in general know, that this
is still the English name for the
genus lolium, which contains ray-
grass, a very troublesome weed, called

lolium perenne. See Epitome of
Hortus Kewensis, p. 25.
refers to Gerard.

Her fallow leas

Steevens

These were Sansjoy and the Redcrosse knight.

Thus again, I, vii, 11.
DARREL. A Romish priest, whose
fraudulent practices and impostures
were detected by Harsenet, archbishop
of York.

Did you ne'er read, sir, little Darrel's tricks,
With the boy o' Burton, and the seven in Lancashire,
Somers at Nottingham? all these do teach it.
B. Jons. Devil an Ass, v, 3.

Some particulars of their impostures
are specified in the same speech.
He is mentioned in Ben Jonson's
Underwoods:

Take heed,

This age will lend no faith to Darrel's deed.

Vol. vi, p. 423.

See

In the folio [1640], and in Whalley's edition, it is printed Dorrel, but clearly the same person is meant. Mr. Gifford has printed it so. also his notes on the Devil is an Ass. Hen. V, v, 2. †DASH. To dash through, to bring to an end.

The darnel, hemlock, and rank fumitory
Doth root upon.

Crown'd with rank fumiter, and furrow weeds,
With harlocks, hemlock, nettles, cuckoo-flowers,
Darnel, and all the idle weeds that grow
In our sustaining corn.

Lear, iv, 4.

Gerard says it is the most hurtful of

Transigitur. The matter is brought to a point, it is
ended. Its dispatched. They have made a finall
conclusion. Its dasht through. Thers now no more
to doe.
Terence in English, 1614.

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other substance.

Francion afterwards called for the vintner, and complained to him that he had sent up wine so heavily dashed, that those poor men of the city who were not so much accustomed to drink as those of his retinue, were extremely intoxicated, although they had not drunk so much as his servants had done.

weeds. Drayton gives it a crimson +To DASH. To mix wine with some flower, perhaps mistaking the wild. poppy for it. Polyolb., xv, p. 946. DARNIX, or DARNEX, corrupted from Dornick (Coles, panni Tornacenses). A manufacture of Tournay, used for carpets, hangings, and other purposes; from Dornick, which is the Flemish name for that city.

With a fair Darner carpet of my own
Laid cross, for the more state.

B. & Fl. Noble Gent., v, 1.
Look well to the Darneicke hangings, that it play not
the court page with us. Sampson's Vow-breaker, act iii.
See DORNICK.

In Cotgrave, under Verd, is "Huis
verd, a peece of tapestry or Darnix
hanging before a door."

To DARRAIGN. To arrange an army,
or set it in order of battle.
certain derivation. See Todd.

Of un

Royal commanders, be in readiness-
Darraign your battle, for they are at hand.
3 Hen. VI, ii, 2.
Darraign our battles, and begin the fight.
Guy, Earl of Warwick, Trag.
Often for to fight a battle, and even
when between two combatants :

For one of Edgar's friends taking in hand to darraine
battle with Organ, in defence of Edgar's innocencie,
slue him within lystes. Holinsh. Hist. Scotl., R 2.
Therewith they gan to hurtlen grievously,
Redoubted battaile ready to darrayne.
Spens. F. Q., I, iv, 40.

†DASIBEARD.

Comical Hist. of Francion, 1655.

Sir Cayphas, I saye seckerly,
We that bene in companye

Must needes this dosebeirde destroye,
That wickedly hase wroughte.

The Chester Plays, vol. ii.

+DASTARDIZE. To make a coward of. I believe it is not in the power of Ployden, to dastardize or cowe your spirits, untill you have overcom him. Howell's Familiar Letters, 1650. DATES. This fruit of the palm-tree was once a common ingredient in all kinds of pastry, and some other dishes; and often supplied a pun for comedy.

your

They call for dates and quinces in the pastry. Rom. & Jul, iv, 4. Your date is better in your pye and your porridge, than in All's W., i, 1. cheek. Ay, a minc'd man; and then to be bak'd with no date in the pye,-for then the man's date is out. Tr. and Cr., i, 2. DAUPHIN MY BOY. See DOLPHIN. †DAVY. The name of a proficient in the practice of sword and buckler, who appears to have been celebrated at the close of the sixteenth century.

At sword and buckler little Davy was nobody to him, and as for rapier and dagger, the Germane may be his journeyman. Dekker's Knights Conjuring, 1607. A DAW. Metaphorically used for a foolish fellow; the daw being reckoned a foolish bird.

I' the city of kites and crows?-What an ass it is! Then thou dwell'st with daws too. Coriol., iv, 5. As fit a sight it were to see a goose shodde, or a sadled

cowe,

As to hear the pratling of any such Jack Straw,
For when hee hath all done, I compte him but a very
daw.
Damon and Pith., O. Pl., i, 255.
To daunt, or frighten.

To DAW.
She thought to daw her now as she had done of old.
Romeus and Juliet, Suppl. to Shak., i, 333.
You daw him too much, in troth, sir.

B. Jons. Devil an Ass, iv, 1.
And thinking her to daw,
Whom they supposed faln in some inchanted swound.
Drayt. Polyolb., vi, p. 770.

To daw, Mr. Todd says, is now used in the north for to awaken; if so, this is the sense here: and the morn

ing metaphorically awakens when it

dawns.

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The dosnel dawcock comes dropping among the doctors.
Withals' Dict., p. 558.
Who, with new magicke, will hereafter represent unto

you the castle of Atlas full of dawcocks.

Hosp. of Incurable Fooles, 4to, 1600. +DAY. To have seen the day, to have lived long.

An old woman is one that hath seene the day, and is commonly ten yeares younger or ten years elder by her owne confession then the people know she is. Stephen's Essayes, 1615.

+DAYING. Adjourning; delaying.

Nowe will I goe meete with Chremes;

will intreate

him for his daughter to my sonne in marriage; and if I doe obtaine her, why should I make any more daying for the matter, but marrie them out of the way. Terence in English, 1614. +DAY-BOOK. A journal. Diarium, A daie booke, conteining such acts, deedes, and matters as are dailie done. Nomenclator. Viewing the many rarities, riches and monuments of that sacred building, the deceased benefactors whereof our day-bookes make mention.

Registre journel,

MS. Lansd., 213, written in 1634. A DAY-BED. Doubtless a couch, or sofa; as we find below that they were sometimes in every chamber.

Calling my officers about me, in my branch'd velvet
gown; having come from a day-bed, where I have left
Olivia sleeping.
Twel. N., ii, 5.
Ah ha, my lord, this prince is not an Edward!
He is not lolling on a lewd day-bed,
But on his knees at meditation.

Rich. III, iii, 7.

Above there are day-beds, and such temptations

I dare not trust, sir. B. & F. Rule a Wife, &c., i, 6.

In the same play :

M. Is the great couch up,

The duke of Medina sent? 4. 'Tis up, and ready.
M. And day-beds in all chambers? A. In all, lady.
Act iii, 1.

The great ducal couch was doubtless
more luxurious.

A DAYS-MAN. An umpire, or arbitrator; from his fixing a day for decision. Mr. Todd shows that day sometimes meant judgment. See in Day, 10.

For he is not a man as I am, that I should answer him, and we should come together in judgement: neither is there any days-man [marg. umpire] betwixt us, that might lay his hand upon us both. Job, ix, 33. The word, though disused, is still retained in late editions.

If neighbours were at variance, they ran not streight to law,

straw.

Daiesmen took up the matter, and cost them not a New Custome, O. Pl., i, 260. To whom Cymochles said, For what art thou That mak'st thyself his dayes-man to prolong. The vengeaunce prest? Spens. F. Q., II, viii, 28. In Switzerland (as we are informed by Simlerus) they had some common arbitrators, or dayesmen, in every towne, that made a friendly composition betwixt man and man. Burt. Anat., Democr. to Reader, p. 50. +Simus and Crito, my neighbours, are at controversie here about there lands, and they have made me umpire and daiesman betwixt them. I will goe, and say as I told you, that I cannot attende on these men to daie. Terence in English, 1614. A measure of land. You must know, that there goe 160 perches to one acre, 80 perches to halfe an acre, 40 perches to one roode, which is of an acre, ten daies worke to a roode, foure perches to a daies worke, 16 foote and a halfe to a perch. Norden's Surveiors Dialogue, 1610. To DAZE. To dazzle.

†DAYS-WORK.

While flashing beames do daze his feeble eyen. Spens. F. Q., I, iv, 9. That being now with her huge brightness duz'd, Base thing I can no more endure to view, But, looking still on her, I stand amaz'd At wondrous sight of her celestial hue.

Spens. Sonnet, 3. Let your steele, Glistring against the sunne, daze their bright eyes. Heyw. Golden Age, E 4. Nor noble birth, nor name of crowne or raigne, Which oft doth daze the common people's eye. Harr. Ariost., xliv, 61.

Dryden has used it.

†DEAD-HORSE.

+My dreadful thoughts been drawen upon my face
In blotted lines with ages iron pen,
The lothlie morpheu saffroned the place,
Where beuties damaske daz'd the eies of men.
Drayton's Shepherds Garland, 1593.
This term is applied
now to work the wages of which have
been paid before it is done. Its mean-
ing in the following passage is not
quite clear.

Ply. Now you'l wish I know, you ne'r might wear
Foul linnen more, never be lowzy agen,
Nor ly perdue with the fat sutlers wife
In the provoking vertue of dead horse,
Your dear delights, and rare camp pleasures.
Cartwright's Siedge, 1651.

+DEAD-LIFT. A position of desperation; a last extremity.

Here is some of Hannibal's medicine he carried always

in the pommel of his sword, for a dead lift; a very
active poison
Shirley.
The reere is conducted by Fortitude, whose assistant
is Religion, for these are the two most valiant vertues
fittest for dead lifts. Pathomachia, 1630, p. 20.
Aur. Good! this fool will help me I see to cheat him-
self;

At a dead lift, a little hint will serve me.
I'l do't for him to the life.

Cowley, Cutter of Coleman Street, 1663.

Phil. Who's there?
Mol. Your friend at a dead lift; your landlord Molops.
Cartwright's Royall Slave, 1651.
Expecting now no other then death, they betook
themselves to prayer, the best lever at such a dead
lift.
Select Lives of English Worthies, n. d.
Lion. But is there no way to come at her? Thou
usest to be good at a dead lift.

Sedley's Bellamira, 1687. Dreams have for many ages been esteemed as the noblest resources at a dead lift; the dreams of Homer were held in such esteem that they were styled golden dreams. Gent. Mag. for Sept., 1751. +DEAD-MAN'S-THUMB. An old name for a species of meadow flower.

Then round the medow did she walk,
Catching each flower by the stalk,
Such flowers as in the meadow grew,
The dead man's thumb, an hearb all blew.
Select Ayres and Dialogues, 1659.
+DEAD-MEN'S-SHOES. Inheritances.

And tis a general shrift that most men use,
But yet tis tedious waiting dead mens shoes.
Fletcher's Poems, p. 256.

of

DEAD-PAY. The continued pay soldiers actually dead, which dishonest officers took for themselves; a species of peculation often alluded

to.

Most of them [captains] know arithmetic so well,
That in a muster, to preserve dead-pays,
They'll make twelve stand for twenty.

Webster's Appius, v, i., Anc. Dr., v, 437.
O you commanders,

That like me have no dead-pays, nor can cozen
The commissary at a muster.

Mass. Unn. Comb., iv, 2.
Can you not gull the state finely,
Muster your ammunition cassocks stuff'd with straw,
Number a hundred forty-nine dead-pays,
And thank Heaven for your arithmetic.

Davenant's Siege, act iii. †DEAD-STAND. A dilemma; a fix.

I was at a dead stand in the cours of my fortunes, when it pleas'd God to provide me lately an employment to Spain, whence I hope there may arise both repute and profit. Howell's Familiar Letters, 1650. +DEADLY. Dreadful; very great; excessive.

To the privy seale, where I signed a deadly number of pardons, which do trouble me to get nothing by. Pepys' Diary, Dec., 1660. Now, sir, what great judges these are, and by what measures they proceed; and how likely they are to be very severe discerners of what is worthy, and what is not, may be easily seen by those deadly witty arts they make use of to disparage that holy profession.

Eachard's Observations, 1671, p. 181. DEAD'ST, for deadest. A licentious superlative, from dead, used as in the phrase "dead of night," for the middle or depth of the night. It is, however, but awkwardly applied to

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All the ground that they had--a man might have bought with a small deale of money. Ascham, Toxoph., p. 92. †DEALTH. A portion, or division. From deal, to divide.

Then know, Bellama, since thou aimst at wealth, Where Fortune has bestowd her largest dealth. Historie of Albino and Bellama, 1638. DEAL-WINE. See DELE-WINE. DEAR, adj. Expensive seems to have been its first sense, whence it was applied to anything highly valued or beloved; and, as we much value what is our own, it obtained occasionally the meaning of a possessive. Such was probably the origin of a peculiar application of píλos, in Greek, as we find it in Homer, in many passages, where it is commonly rendered by the Latin possessive, suus (piλov Kip, II., A, 491, &c.; φίλον ήτορ, I., Γ, 31; φίλα γοῦναθ', I., Η, 271; and in many other passages). So also Shakespeare:

Since my dear soul was mistress of her choice,
And could of men distinguish, her election
Hath seal'd itself for thee.

Haml., iii, 2.

See Steevens on that passage. By another application of the original sense, it came also to mean high, excessive, or anything superlative, even superlatively bad. As here,

So I, made lame by fortune's dearest spite,
Take all my comfort of thy worth and truth.

Sh. Sonnet, 37.

Let us return And strain what other means is left unto us At our dear peril. Timon of A., v, 3. Would I had met my dearest foe in heav'n Or ever I had seen that day, Horatio. Haml., i, 2. You meet your dearest enemy in love, With all his hate about him.

B. and Fl. Maid in the Mill.

In dear employment. Rom. and Jul., v, 3. That is, very important.

Put your known valours on so dear a business,
And have no other second than the danger.

B. Jons. Catil., i, 4.

DEARLING. A fondling diminutive of dear. So written by Spenser, who chose to antiquate his language. His contemporaries used darling, which is still in use.

DEARN, or DERNE. Lonely, melan-
choly, solitary. Sax.

By many a derne and painfull perch
Of Pericles the careful search-

Is made, &c. Pericles, Pr. of Tyre, iii, Induction.
Dearne is the reading of the old
quartos in the following passage of
Lear, instead of

If wolves had at thy gate howl'd that stern time.
It there stands,

If wolves had at thy gate heard that dearne time.
Lear, iii, 7.

Here it seems to mean earnest :
Who wounded with report of beauties pride,
Unable to restrain his derne desire.

Wars of Cyrus, 4to, sign. C 2.
In the old Scottish dialect it was used
for secret, dark, and is so explained
in the Glossary to Gawin Douglas's
Virgil, and by bishop Percy in this
passage of an old Scottish ballad:
I' dern with thee bot gif I dale,

Doubtless I am bot deid.

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The birds of ill presage

This luckless chance foretold
By dernful noise, &c.

Spens. Mourning Muse, 1. 177.

DEARNLY. In a melancholy manner.
They heard a ruefull voice that dearnly cride,
With percing shriekes and many a dolefull lay.
Spens. F. Q., II, i, 35.
Some explain it earnestly, but perhaps
erroneously; it is rather severely,
dreadfully, in the following passage:

Seeking adventures hard to exercise,
Their puissance whylome full dernly tryde.

Sp. F. Q., III, i, 14.
DEARTH. That this word originally
meant dearness, is evident from the
form of it. (Dearth from dear, as
trueth from true, and ruth from rue,
&c.)
It has long been confined to
mean chiefly scarcity of provisions,
unless metaphorically applied to other
subjects. Dr. Johnson considers it
as having the original sense in the
following passage, which would other-
wise be tautology.

But in the verity of extolment, I take him to be a soul
of great article; and his infusion of such dearth and
rareness, as, to make true diction of him, his sembla-
ble is his mirror.
Haml., v, 2.

He explains it thus: "Dearth is dear

ness, value, price. And his internal qualities of such value and rarity." DEATH, with the article the prefixed, occurring in Matth., xv, 4, and Mark, vii, 10, in the common version of the New Testament, it has been thought that the death had been taken up as a scriptural phrase; but the translators could have no motive for introducing such a phrase, had it not been already current; and it is found in Chaucer, and other writers, prior to any established version. It was probably, as Mr. Tyrwhitt observes, only too literal a version of la mort.

Cant. Tales, 607.

They were adradde of him as of the death.
It was latterly applied, more particu-
larly, to death by judicial sentence;
and in this way the translators of the
Gospel have used it :

He that curseth father and mother, let him die the
death.
Loc. cit.
Bear Worcester to the death, and Vernon too;
Other offenders we will pause upon. 1 Hen. IV, v, 5.
Redeem thy brother

By yielding up thy body to my will,
Or else he must not only die the death,
But thy unkindness, &c.

For I confess,

Meas. for Meas., ii, 4.

I have deserv'd, when it so pleaseth you,

To die the death. Taner. & Gism., O. Pl., ii, 203.
Instances, however, of other usage,
are not wanting:

The king is almost wounded to the death,
And in the fortune of my lord your son
Prince Harry slain outright.

I bleed still, I am hurt to the death.
I found not myself
So far engag'd to hell, to prosecute
To th' death what I had plotted.

2 Hen. IV, i, 1. Othell., ii, 3.

B. and Fl. Custom of C., iii, 5.
I'ld be torn in pieces
With wild Hippolytus, nay prove the death,
Every limb over, ere I'ld trust a woman.
B. Jons. Catiline, iv, 6.

DEATHFUL. Mortal, in opposition
to deathless, immortal.

That with a deathless goddess lay DEATH'S HEAD RING. By a strange A deathful man. Chapm. Hom. H. to Venus. inconsistency, similar to the methodistical piety of Mrs. Cole in the Minor, the procuresses of Elizabeth's time wore usually a ring with a death's head upon it, and probably with the common motto, memento mori.

As for their death (that of bawds) how can it be bad,
since their wickedness is always before their eyes,
and a death's-head most commonly on their middle
finger?
Marston's Dutch Courtezan.
Sell some of my cloaths to buy thee a death's head,
and put upon thy middle finger; your least consider-
ing bawds do so much.
Massinger's Old Law, iv, 1.
As if I were a bawd, no ring pleases me but a death's
head.
Northward Hoe.

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Do not speak like a death's-head; do not bid me remember my end. DEATH'S-MAN.

An executioner.

But, if you ever chance to have a child,

Look in his youth to have him so cut off,
As, deathsmen, you have rid this sweet young prince.
3 Hen. VI, v, 5.
For who so base would such an office have
As slanderous deathsman to so base a slave?

Shak. Rape of Lucr., Suppl., i, 532.
I'll send a deaths-man with you, this is he.
Death of Rob. E. of Hunt., sig. I 2, b.

Also in K 3.

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Each change of course unjoints the whole estate,
And leaves it thrall to ruine by debate.
Ferrex & Porrex, O. Pl., i, 122.
Now, lords, if heav'n doth give successful end
To this debate that bleedeth at our doors,
We will our youth lead on to higher fields.

2 Hen, IV, iv, 4. The debate there mentioned was the rebellion. Mr. Todd properly observed, that debate is not now used of hostile contest.

To DEBATE. To fight.

Well could he tourney, and in lists debate. Spens. F. Q., II, i, 6. This should be the primitive sense, as being nearest to the etymology, debattre, Fr. DEBAUSH'D. The same as deboshed, below; debauched.

Or I must take it else to say you're villains,
For all your golden coats, debaush'd, base villains.
B. and Fl. Valentinian, iii, 2.
DEBAUSHMENT, or DEBOSHMENT.
Debauching, corruption of modesty.
Here are the heads of that distemperature
From whence these strange debaushments of our
nymphes,

And vile deluding of our shepheards, springs.
Daniel, Queen's Arcadia, i, 4, p. 338.
A good vicious fellow, that complies well with the
deboshments of the time, and is fit for it.

Earle, Microc., 77.
+Although the 'heats of my youth did inforce me to
debauchments, as I have represented to you, yet even
then I entertained thoughts of preferment.
Comical History of Francion, 1655.

DEBELL, v. To conquer by war. This word, which Milton has used, was not introduced by him, but had been in use before.

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DEBOSHED. Formerly a common cor

ruption of debauched.

Why thou debosh'd fish thou, was there ever a man a coward that hath drunk so much sack as I to-day? Tempest, iii, 2.

v,

3.

He's quoted for a most perfidious slave,
With all the spots o' the world tax'd, and debosh'd.
All's W.,
Thy lady is a scurvy lady-
And, though I never heard of her, a debosh'd lady,
And thou a squire of low degree.
B. and Fl. Little Fr. Lawyer, ii, 2.
With such a valiant discipline she destroy'd
That debosh'd prince, Bad Desire.

City Night Cap, O. Pl., xi, 362.

Used also metaphorically for spoiled,
dismantled, rendered unserviceable :
Wonder! what can their arsenal spawn so fast?
Last year his barks and gallies were debosh'd;
This spring they sprout again.

Fuimus Troes., O. Pl., vii, 503.

Thus Cotgrave, "Desbaucher, to debosh, marre, corrupt, spoyle, &c." Coles has to deboist also, as synonymous. See also some of the examples in Mr. Steevens's note on the passage cited from the Tempest. Sometimes also deboish. See Todd. +DEBT-BOOK.

A ledger.

Hear. The Great Turk loves no musick.
Cred. Doe's he not so? nor I. I'l light tobacco
With my sum-totals; my debt-books shall sole
Pyes at young Andrew's wedding.

Cartwright's Ordinary, 1651. To DECARD. To discard, to cast away a card out of a hand in playing.

E. Doth your majesty mark that?

You are the king that she is weary of,

And my sister the queen that he will cast away.
Ph. Can you decard, madam?

u. Hardly, but I must do hurt.

But spare not any to confirm your game.
Dumb Knight, O. Pl., iv, 485.

†To DECEASE. To die. We still use the participle.

Raign'd two and twenty yeeres, then did decease. Taylor's Workes, 1630. To DECK, v. To adorn.

A

When I have deck'd the sea with drops full salt. Temp., i, 1. This line has occasioned many explanations and conjectural readings, which is the only reason for introducing the word. Probably the true sense is that which is still common: When I have grac'd the sea with drops, &c.

DECK of cards. A pack.

But, whiles he thought to steal the single ten,
The king was slily finger'd from the deck.
3 Hen. VI, v, 1.
I'll deal the cards, and cut you from the deck.
Two Maids of Moreclacke, 1609
Well, if I chance but once to the deck,
To deal about and shuffle as would.

Solimus, Emp. of the Turks, 1638. In the following passage, a heap or

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