ner. Justices are also authorized to destroy all such articles as before recited, and adapted to the taking of fish, as may be found in the possession of offenders when taken. Persons aggrieved may appeal to the quarter sessions, whose judgment shall be final. And by the 4th and 5th William and Mary, it is enacted, That no ed against all that should trespass on the rights of authorized fishers. By the 31st Henry VIII. c. ii. s. 2, it was enacted, If any evil-disposed person shall fish in the day time, from six in the morning to six in the evening, in any ponds, stews, or moats, with nets, hooks, or bait against the will of the owners, they shall on conviction thereof, at the suit of the king, or the party ag-person (except makers and sellers grieved, suffer imprisonment for the space of three months, and find security for their good behaviour. By the 5th Elizabeth, c. xxi. s. 2, it is enacted, If any person shall unlawfully break or destroy any head or dam of a fish-pond, or shall wrongfully fish therein, with intent to take or kill fish, he shall, on conviction at the assizes or sessions at the suit of the king, or the party injured, be imprisoned three months and pay treble damages; and after the expiration of the said three months, shall find sureties for good behaviour for seven years to come. of nets, owners of a river or fishery, authorized fishermen and their apprentices) shall keep any net, angle, leap, pike, or other engine for taking of fish. The proprietor of any river or fishery, or persons by them authorized, may seize and keep to his own use any engine which shall be found in the custody of any person fishing in any river or fishery without the consent of the owner or occupier. And such owner, occupier, or person authorized by either, sanctioned by the consent of any justice, in the day-time may search the houses or other places of any unqualified person, who shall be suspected of having such nets or other engines in his possession, and the same to seize and keep to their own use, or cut in pieces and destroy. Stealing fish in disguise is made felony by the 9th George I. c. xxii. If any person armed and disguised shall unlawfully steal, or take away any fish out of any river or pond (whether armed or not), shall unlawfully and maliciously break down the head or mound of any fish-pond, whereby the fish shall be lost and destroyed, or shall rescue any per By the 22nd and 23rd Charles II. c. xxv. s. 7, it is enacted, That if any persons shall, at any time, use any casting-net, drag-net, shore-net, or other net whatever; or any angle, hair, noose, troll, or spear; or shall lay any wears, pots, nets, fish-hook, or other engines; or shall take any fish by any means whatsoever, in any river, stew, moat, pond, or other water, or shall be aiding thereunto, without the consent of the owner of the water and be convicted thereof, within one month after the offence committed, such offender shall give to the party injured such satisfac-son in custody for any such offence, tion as a justice shall appoint, not or procure any other to join him exceeding treble damages; and pay therein, he shall be guilty of felony the overseers of the poor such sum, without benefit of clergy. This not exceeding 10s. as the justice (commonly called the Black Act) is shall think fit: in default of pay-made perpetual by 31st George II. ment, the said penalties to be levied c. xlii. by distress, or the offender to be committed to the house of correction for a term not exceeding one month, unless he enter into a bond, with surety, in a sum not exceeding 10l. never to offend in like man By the 5th George III. c. xiv. s. 1, it is enacted, That if any person shall enter into any park or paddock enclosed, or into any garden, orchard, or yard belonging to, or adjoining to any dwelling-house, ANGUELLES. ANIMAL. A living body endued with sensation and spontaneous motion: in its limited sense, any irrational creature, as distinguished from man. ANISE-SEED is an aromatic stimulant, principally employed as a warm stomachic and carminative. It may be given to large animals in doses of an ounce, and is usually administered as an infusion in water, wine, or spirit. wherein shall be any river, pond, | the right is presumed to be commoat, or other water, and by any mon, and he who claims a privilege means whatsoever (without the con- must prove it. See SALMON and sent of the owner) steal, kill, or de- TROUT fishing. stroy any fish, bred, kept, or preSmall worms served therein, or shall be assisting therein, or shall receive or buy any such fish, knowing them to be such, shall upon conviction, be transported for seven years. Persons making confession of such offence, and giving evidence against an accomplice, who in pursuance thereof shall be convicted, will be entitled to a free pardon. And by the same act, s. 3, it is provided, That if any person take, kill, or destroy, or attempt to take, kill, or destroy any fish in any river or stream, pool, pond, or other water (not being in any park or paddock enclosed, or in any garden, orchard, or yard belonging or adjoining to a dwelling-house, but in any other enclosed ground being private property), such persons being thereof convicted by confession, or by the oath of one witness before a justice, shall forfeit five pounds to the owner of the fishery of such river or other water: and in default thereof shall be committed to the house of correction for a time not exceeding six months. By the 1st Elizabeth, c. xvii. all fishermen are forbidden to destroy the fry of fish, small salmon, and trout, under a penalty of twenty shillings; and by the 4th and 5th Anne, for the protection of salmon in the counties of Southampton and Wilts, no salmon shall be taken between the 1st August and 12th November. Statutes of George I. and II. forbid the same fish to be taken in the rivers Severn, Wye, Ware, Ouse, &c. under eighteen inches long. It is held, that where the lord of the manor has the soil on both sides of a river, as in the case of the Severn, the right of fishing goes with it; and he who intrudes thereon must prove his claim of a free fishery; but when the tide ebbs and flows, and the river is an arm of the sea, as in the case of the Thames, ANODYNES. Medicines which assuage pain and procure sleep. Opium is chiefly relied upon, however, in veterinary practice: deadly nightshade, hemlock, henbane, &c. likewise possess anodyne qualities, though in an inferior degree. ANTELOPE. A mammiferous ruminant quadruped intermediate to the deer and goat. The antelope has horns, straight, spiral, lyreshaped, annulated at the base, marked with transverse bands, a salient spiral line, or bifurcated in different species. Two species are found in Europe, one in America, the rest in the hottest parts of Asia and Africa. These animals are of a restless and timid disposition, extremely watchful, of great vivacity, remarkably swift, exceedingly agile, and their boundings so light and elastic, as to strike the spectator with astonish ment. What appears singular, they | until they got into the plains, when some deer were seen at a distance, on which the Nawab got off his elephant and mounted his Arab, and desired the gentlemen to do the same, when each placed himself, and rode on the reverse side of the carts from the deer- the drivers taking rather a circuitous direction towards the deer, and commenced singing like country people going to work. This was continued, until within one hundred and thirty yards of the antelope, when the keeper, for an instant, unhooded the chittah, who, with wonderful quickness, saw him, and wished to have gone off, but was rehooded and forced back till thirty yards nearer were gained, when the hood and muzzle were taken off, and the animal slipped, who cautiously leaped from the cart, ran a few paces, and crouched so wonderfully close to the ground as to be almost imperceptible even to the party. The antelope had raised his head to look at them, but the moment he again put it down to feed, the chittah rapidly advanced twenty yards and crouched again, and so on, till he had gained within about sixty yards of the antelope, who, seeing him, bounded off with all the speed he was master of (which very far exceeds the fleetest English greyhound), and was pursued by the chittah, whose speed is described as being almost beyond conception indeed, so great as nearly to elude sight. In the space of two hundred yards, the chittah had gained within about twenty-five yards of the antelope, when he made, as it were, a prodigious fling, and both were seen rolling over and over, kicking up no small degree of dust; and when the party rode up, they found the chittah had him fast by the throat, growling prodigiously; nor would he let go until the blood of the antelope was let into a ladle, and put to his nose: he then let go his hold, and began to lap it, when he was again muzzled and hooded. It sometimes happens that the chit will stop in the middle of their tah fails to catch the antelope, but | tive and evacuant, and hardly any he never continues the pursuit more article in the Materia Medica will than five hundred yards, on which admit of so extensive a use in disoccasion it is dangerous to ride up, eases of cattle, acute as well as till the keeper has succeeded in chronical. taking him, which is not unfrequently a difficult matter. "This sport was repeated, and several deer killed. At the end of the day, two antelopes were seen butting each other, when both the chittahs were slipped together. They crouched, and advanced like two setters on a covey of birds, and afforded great sport. Indeed, from the description given, this sport must be truly royal. When the skins of the antelopes were taken off, previous to the carcase being given to the chittahs (who made very short work of devouring one each), two large congealed bloody places were seen on the sides of the deer, evidently where the paws of the chittahs had struck when they made their fling." ANTHELMENTICS. Medicines which destroy or carry off botts or worms from the intestines. ANTICOR, or ADVANT COEUR. An inflammation in a horse between his fore legs, and is precisely the same disease which, in the human subject, is called Angina Pectoris, Quinzy, &c. The chief remedies are bleeding and purging, with fomentations. ANTIDOTE. A counter-poison, or any medicine that generally counteracts the effects of what has been swallowed. ANTISEPTICS. Substances which resist putrefaction. ANTISPASMODICS. Medicines that relieve convulsions or spasms. ANTIPHLOGISTICS. Remedies to diminish or cure inflammation. ANTLER. Properly the first branches of a stag's horns; but, generally, any of his branches: browantler, the start or branch next the head; bes-antler, that next above the brow-antler. APERIENTS. Medicines which render the bowels gently laxative. APOPLEXY. A disease that frequently attacks the heads of hawks. It arises from too much grease or blood; being too long exposed to the heat of the sun; and to prevent it their meat should be passed through black-cherry water. APOPLEXY (in Horses). See PALSY. APOSTHUME (in Falconry). A disease in the heads of hawks, attended with a swelling of the eyes, moisture of the ears, and general slothfulness. A pill of butter, washed in rose-water, has a good effect in this complaint. APPROACHING (in Fowling) is a particular device to come near those birds which frequent marshy and watery places, without being seen by them. ANTIMONY. A mineral substance of great importance in vete- This is performed by a machine rinary medicine. It promotes all formed of three hoops tied together the secretions and excretions, par- at proper distances, according to the ticularly those of the skin, intes-height of the person that is to use it, tines, and urinary passages, by operating gently on the whole nervous and vascular system. If given in small doses, gradually increasing them, yet keeping to that proportion which excites no sensible discharge, it is efficacious in regenerating a healthy state of the blood. Antimony is used both as an altera and having boughs tied all round it, and with cords to bear on his shoulders; so that the shooter is concealed by the boughs, and can approach unsuspected till he comes within reach. APPUI (in the Manège). The rest or stay upon the hand. It is the reciprocal effort between the horse's mouth and the bridle hand. | A just appui of the hand is the nice bearing up or stay of the bridle, so that the horse being awed by the sensibility and tenderness of his mouth, dares not rest too much upon the bit mouth, nor check or beat upon the hand to withstand it. A horse is said to have no appui when he is too apprehensive of the hand and cannot bear the bit; and to have too much when he throws himself entirely upon the bit. Horses trained for the cavalry service should have a full appui upon the hand; to effect this he should be galloped and put often back. AQUATIC. Birds, &c. which breed on the banks of rivers, or chiefly inhabit marshes or watery places. The term AQUATICS is also applied to the amusement or exercise of rowing or sailing. ARABIC, or GUM ARABIC. A transparent kind of gum brought from Arabia, which distils from a plant of the acacia species. That of a perfectly white colour and in small pieces is reckoned the best. ARABIAN HORSE. Of all the quadrupeds of Arabia the horse is the most celebrated; the genuine breed of which is to be met with only amongst the Arabs of the desert. Zimmerman (Zool. Georg. 1777, 4to. p. 140.) asserts, that these animals are found wild in the deserts north of Hadramaut, but owing to their fleetness and sagacity they are seldom taken. The horses of Arabia are distributed into two classes: the kadischi, or common kind; and the kochlani, or noble kind. The breed of the latter is an object of particular attention, and their genealogy. has been preserved for two thousand years, descending, as they affirm, from the stalls of Solomon. The preservation of their breed is carefully and authentically witnessed. The grooms are very careful in preserving a register of all the sires and dams, by which the pedigree of a horse may be traced up to the most ancient date. The Duke of Newcastle affirms that the ordinary price of an Arabian horse of the kochlani breed is from one thousand to three thousand pounds, and that the owners are as careful in preserving the genealogy of their horses as princes are in recording that of their families. The offspring of kochlani stallions by the ignoble race, are considered kadischi, and are bold, powerful, impetuous; and to great sagacity and affection, add the capability of bearing great fatigue. King James the First bought an Arabian of Mr. Markham, a merchant, for five hundred guineas, which was the first of that breed ever seen in England. The Duke of Newcastle says, in his "Treatise on Horsemanship," that he had seen the above Arabian, and describes him as a small bay horse, and not of very excellent shape. The Arab horse is as celebrated for his docility and good temper as for his speed and courage. In that delightful book, Bishop Heber's Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India," the following interesting character is given of him. "My morning rides are very pleasant. My horse is a nice, quiet, good-tempered little Arab, who is so fearless, that he goes, without starting, close to an elephant, and so gentle and docile that he eats bread out of my hand, and has almost as much attachment and coaxing ways as a dog. This seems the general character of the Arab horses, to judge from what I have |