TABLE VII.-Number of teachers in public elementary day schools.

a Year ending December 31 for years 1870, 1875, and 1880. Including pupil teachers and probationers: the latter, numbering 2,656 in 1899, are not included in number of teachers given in Tables I and XIV.

The Government regulations require that the principal of every school which participates in the public grant shall have a Government diploma; that is, shall be a certificated teacher, except under special arrangements. Candidates for the certificate must pass a specified examination and undergo at least a year's probation in actual service in a school.

In determining what is the minimum school staff required the board of education consider the principal certificated teacher to be sufficient for an average attendance of 50, each additional certificated teacher for an average attendance of 60, each assistant teacher for an average attendance of 45, each provisional assistant teacher, each additional teacher, and each pupil teacher for an average attendance of 30, and each probationer for an average attendance of 20.

TABLE VIII.—Proportion of each class of teachers to the total number,

a Not including additional women teachers first employed in 1880 (numbering 17,956 in 1901).

TABLE IX.-Average annual salaries of certificated teachers.

TABLE X.-Comparison of the eleven years 1890-1900 and 1992 with 1870 and 1876.

a In Table I will be found separately the average attendance in board and voluntary schools. Men teachers and women teachers are given separately in Table VII.

TABLE X.-Comparison of the eleven years 1890-1900 and 1902 with 1870 and 1876

Continued.

a In Table I will be found separately the average attendance in board and voluntary schools. b Men teachers and women teachers are given separately in Table VII.

TABLE X.-Comparison of the cleven years 1890-1900 and 1902 with 1870 and 1876Continued.

a Men teachers and women teachers are given separately in Table VII.
bAnnual grant, only.

TABLE XI.-Comparative statistics of education in Scotland.

a Termed King's scholars in training colleges since the accession of Edward VII.
Termed King's students since the accession of Edward VII.
e For day schools only.

SECONDARY AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION.

England. The recent changes in the administration of public education in England have brought about a reclassification of schools which must be kept in mind in the endeavor to interpret the official reports, and especially so far as these treat of secondary education. The province of the central authority, i. e. board of education, under the law of 1902, includes, as already explained, elementary education and higher education. Under the latter head are included evening schools, formerly classed with elementary schools, and the schools and classes

receiving the grant for science and art instruction. The status of these several classes of institutions in 1902-3 is shown in part by the following statistics:

aThirty-nine thousand one hundred and forty-two day students and 104,414 evening students, An institution of university rank.

The number of secondary schools accepting the Government inspection in the year 1902 was 75 as against 51 in the previous year.

Fifty-two were inspected on the application of the county authorities aiding them. Six were for girls and 6 were mixed schools for boys and girls; 31 were schools receiving grants under the regulations of the board for secondary day schools, and in the case of 16 of these the inspection was required for compliance with the regulations.

The board of education receives also the reports of the administration of the technical instruction laws, from which it appears that during the year ending March 31, 1902, 41 of the 49 county councils in England (Monmouth being excepted) applied the whole of the amount received from the residue of the liquor duties and 8 a part of the amount to technical education.

Of the 64 county boroughs 59 applied the whole of the residue and 5 a part to technical education. Further, 3 county councils and the councils of 30 county boroughs, 99 boroughs, and 189 urban districts made grants ont of the rates under the technical instruction acts. In 25 cases local authorities also devoted funds to technical education out of the rates under the public libraries and museum acts. In Wales and Monmouth the councils of the 13 counties aud 3 county boroughs devoted the whole of the residue to intermediate and technical education, chiefly under the Welsh intermediate education act, 1889, and the councils of intermediate education act, 1889, and the councils of 11 counties and county boroughs and 12 boroughs and urban districts made grants out of the rates under the technical instruction acts.

In England and Wales the total amount expended on technical education during the year was £1,057,399 ($5,286,995). In addition the amount raised by loan on the security of the local rate under the technical instruction act, 1889, mainly for the erection of technical and science and art schools was £206,426 ($1,032,135). * * In Wales and Monmounth the total amount devoted annually to intermediate and technical education under the Welsh intermediate education act, 1889, is now approximately £52,000 ($260,000).

Scotland.-Reference has already been made in the brief conspectus of the Scotch system of education to the status of secondary schools in that division of the Kingdom.

The Scotch education department in the report for 1901-2 state that the number of secondary schools under inspection is now 95, 32 being higher class public schools, 25 endowed schools, and 38 schools under voluntary managers who have invited the inspection.

By the passing of the education and local taxation account (Scotland) act in 1892 an annual sum of £60.000 became available for secondary education in Scotland. The cost of the inspection of higher class schools and of the leaving certificate examination is mainly met from this source, and for the year 1901-2 a sum of £4,700 was taken for that purpose. The question of the method of distribution by which the available balance might most effectually contribute to the educational benefit of each locality was referred by the minute of May 1, 1893, to borough and county committees, who administer the share of the grant falling to their respec tive districts in accordance with schemes previously submitted to and approved