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CHAPTER XXIII.

EXHIBIT OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION AT THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION.

TO BE HELD AT ST. LOUIS, MO., MAY 1 TO DECEMBER 1, 1904.

The following items compose the exhibit of the Bureau at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition:

1. Seventy wing-frame charts 26 by 22 inches (Nos. 1 to 70).

2. Sixteen wall charts (Nos. 71 to 86) showing certain facts in connection with education in the United States.

3. Sixteen maps of different sizes.

4. A full collection of all the reports, bulletins, circulars, special reports, and monographs issued by the Bureau of Education since its organization.

5. A specimen series of the different blanks, forms, etc., currently used by the Bureau in the collection of educational statistics and the preparation of its various publications.

6. A full set of the latest educational reports of the fifty largest cities in the United States.

7. A full set of the latest educational reports of the States and Territories of the United States.

8. A special collection for the land-grant college exhibit of charts, books, examination papers, catalogues, registers, and photographs.

9. Monographs on various phases of educational life and growth prepared for free distribution by well-known experts under the direction and with the assistance of the Bureau of Education.

Descriptions of these charts, maps, etc., as well as the figures employed, are given below. In some cases short analyses of the facts conveyed by the charts are given in connection with the figures.

ED 1903-72

1137

WING-FRAME CHARTS.

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES AND THEIR RELIGIOUS CONTROL.

(1)

Number of existing universities and colleges founded during certain periods.

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Harvard University holds the honor of being the oldest of American universities, having been founded in 1638. William and Mary ranks next in age, the date of its founding being 1693. Yale began with the first year of the eighteenth century, the University of Pennsylvania in 1740, and Princeton six years later. These institutions bear witness to the estimate put upon education by the hardy pioneers, who laid wide and deep the foundation of American Commonwealths. The latter half of that century saw 19 more institutions added to the list. The chart exhibits by decades from 1790 the growth in the number of institutions of higher learning.

(2)

Per cent of the total number of colleges and universities under the control of the different religious denominations-1902.

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The figures show about 70 per cent of all the higher institutions in the country (638 all told) to be under the control of religious denominations, while the remaining 30 per cent are nonsectarian and about equally divided between those under public, and those under private control. Many of the sectarian colleges for men were designed primarily to prepare young men for the ministry, but beyond this they now differ little from other colleges of corresponding grade except as to the matter of maintenance.

Sectarian colleges are usually supported by some unit of church administration, but in many of the stronger denominational institutions, large endowments place them beyond the necessity of regular appeal to such sources.

HIGHER EDUCATION-INSTITUTIONS AND STUDENTS.

(3)

Number of universities, colleges, and schools of technology offering certain technical courses of study in 1900.

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In view of the fact that the establishment of certain departments of study reflects the popular demand for instruction in these particular branches, an idea may be gained from the table of the relative demand for each technical course of study named by the number of institutions that have adopted it. Civil engineering was one of the first of the departures from the old classical general culture course, and this was followed by the establishment of other technical courses keeping pace with the development of the country. The endowment by the Federal Government of the land-grant colleges, 65 in number at present, had a far-reaching effect upon the growth of technical schools.

(4)

Universities and colleges-Proportion of institutions, students, etc., in the several geographical divisions in 1902.

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(5)

Number of students under higher instruction of all kinds to each 1,000,000 of the population in 1902.

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Statistics for 1872 showed only 590 college students to the million, or 1 college student to every 1,694 people, while there were for the year 1902, as shown by this chart, 1,367, or 1 student to 731 people. The total number of students receiving higher education in all the classes of schools included in the chart amount to 1 to every 337 people. The Western States have the largest relative enrollment in universities and colleges and the smallest in the professional schools, while they rank second in normal school enrollment. Class B of women's colleges is omitted in the preceding and included in the following table.

Number of students in higher education to each 1,000 of population in 1902.

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HIGHER EDUCATION-SEX OF STUDENTS, INCOME, ETC.

(6)

Number of students in universities, colleges, and schools of technology per 1,000,000 of the population at various dates.

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The increase in the proportion of college students to population during the last thirty years leaves no doubt as to the fact that a greater number of people are getting a college education than ever before in the history of the country.

(7)

Female university and college students to each 1,000,000 of population in 1902.

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Oberlin College, Ohio, inaugurated the policy of coeducation in 1833, and in the seventy years elapsed since that time about 72 per cent of the colleges and universities of the country have adopted the plan of admitting the two sexes on an equal footing. The foregoing table will show how firm a place coeducation has secured in the newer portions of the country.

(8)

Proportion of male and of female students in colleges and universities in 1902.

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The several classes of public institutions for higher education with few exceptions uniformly admit both sexes. Nearly all institutions exclusively for males or exclusively for females are private.

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