was continued by C. P. McKinley, E. M. Bandli, and L. V. Fees, the area mapped being 329 square miles, for publication on the scale. of 1:125,000, with a contour interval of 100 feet. Of this area 182 square miles is within the national forests. For the control of this area and of the Kalama quadrangle, in Cowlitz and Lewis counties, L. F. Biggs ran 119 miles of primary levels and established 14 permanent bench marks.

OFFICE WORK.

The drafting of the following topographic maps was completed: Cranes Flat and Preston, Idaho; Hillsboro, Kerby, and Salem, Oreg.; Prosser and Wallula, Wash.

The drafting of profile sheets of the following rivers was completed: Snake, Idaho; Skagit and tributaries above Concrete, Wash. Progress in the drafting of additional sheets was made as follows: St. Regis, Idaho-Mont., 38 per cent; Mount St. Helens, Wash., 53 per cent.

Primary-level circuits were adjusted for the following quadrangles: Ammon and Preston, Idaho; Heisler, Kerby, and Twickenham, Oreg.; Kalama, Mount St. Helens, Pomeroy, Portland, Prosser, Riparia, St. Helens, Troutdale, Walla Walla, and Wallula, Wash.

Geographic positions were computed for the Arco, Argo, Bancroft, Bay Horse, Crooks, Custer, Dickey, Hailey, Henry, Mackay, Mink Creek, Nicholia, No. 1, Portneuf, Soda Springs, and Tilden quadrangles, Idaho.

PACIFIC DIVISION.

FIELD WORK.

Summary. During the season topographic mapping was carried on in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah. This work comprised the completion of the survey of 14 quadrangles and the resurvey of 3 quadrangles and 1 special area, in addition to which 11 quadrangles were partly surveyed and 3 were partly resurveyed. The total new area mapped was 2,808 square miles-1,493 square miles for publication on the scale of 1:125,000, 561 square miles for publication on the scale of 1:62,500, and 754 square miles for publication on the scale of 1:31,680. The area resurveyed was 798 square miles-728 square miles for publication on the scale of 1:62,500 and 70 square miles for publication on the scale of 1:31,680. The map of part of a quadrangle was revised to bring it up to date with the new work, the area covered by this revision being 250 square miles. In connection with this work 343 miles of primary levels were run and 87 permanent bench marks were established. In addition, profile surveys were made of portions of four rivers, the distance traversed being 113 linear miles.

Primary triangulation was carried on by three parties in California, Nevada, and Utah. The total area covered by this work was about 3,690 square miles, 89 triangulation stations being occupied and 94 marked. The result of this work was to make control available in 41 quadrangles.

Topographic surveys in Pacific division from July 1, 1915, to June 30, 1916.

Arizona.—The mapping of the Chiricahua quadrangle, lying partly in the Chiricahua National Forest, in Cochise County, Ariz., and Grant County, N. Mex., was begun by J. E. Blackburn, the area mapped being 546 square miles, for publication on the scale of 1:125,000, with a contour interval of 100 feet. Of this area 144 square miles is in the national forest. For the control of this area C. R. Fisher ran 56 miles of primary levels and established 11 permanent bench marks. All this work was done in Arizona. Profile surveys were made of Verde and Salt rivers, in Yavapai and Gila counties, by Mr. Fisher, the distance traversed being 83 linear miles, for publication on the scale of 1:31,680, with contour intervals of 5 and 25 feet.

California. For the continuation of cooperative topographic surveys the California Department of Engineering allotted $14,000 and the United States Geological Survey allotted an equal amount. In the continuation of the survey of San Joaquin Valley the mapping of the Planada, Newman, Atwater, No. 7, No. 9, Stevinson, Arena, Gustine, Le Grand, and Ingomar 74-minute quadrangles and of the valley portions of the No. 74, Merced Falls, and Orestimba Creek 74-minute quadrangles, in Merced, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Mariposa, and Madera counties, was completed, and that of the Plainsberg and Las Garzas Creek quadrangles and of the Indian Gulch 15-minute quadrangle, in Mariposa, Madera, Merced, and Stanislaus counties, was begun by E. P. Davis, R. T. Evans, A. J. Ogle, H. W. Peabody, J. H. LeFeaver, J. B. Leavitt, N. E. Ballmer, Roscoe Reeves, and R. M. Wilson, the area mapped being 844 square miles-754 square miles for publication on the scale of 1:31,680, with a contour inter

val of 5 feet, and 90 square miles for publication on the scale of 1:62,500, with a contour interval of 25 feet. The resurvey of the Snelling quadrangle and of the valley portion of the La Grange quadrangle, in Merced, Stanislaus, and Tuolumne counties, was completed by R. T. Evans, J. B. Leavitt, and Roscoe Reeves, the area mapped being 70 square miles, for publication on the scale of 1:31,680, with a contour interval of 5 feet. For the control of the Jamison, Fresno, Madera, No. 10, No. 14, No. 15, No. 16, No. 18, No. 19, No. 20, No. 21, No. 22, No. 23, No. 24, No. 25, Kerman, Kearney Peak, Kings River, Elgin, Chowchilla Slough, Center School, Dos Palos, Tranquillity, Oxalis, Firebaugh, Mendota, San Joaquin, Sanger, Wahtoke, Sultana, Sheep Ranch, and Chaney Ranch quadrangles and the Rudley special area, in Fresno, Madera, Merced, and Tulare counties, L. F. Biggs occupied 46 triangulation stations and marked 60. For the control of the Volta, Las Garzas Creek, Los Banos, and San Luis Creek quadrangles, in Merced and Stanislaus counties, Mr. Reeves ran 42 miles of primary levels and established 10 permanent bench marks.

In addition to the cooperative work in California, the survey of the Cholame, San Juan Bautista, and Morgan Hill quadrangles, in San Luis Obispo, Kings, Monterey, Fresno, Kern, San Benito, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz counties, was completed and that of the New Almaden and Point Reyes quadrangles, in Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, and Marin counties, was begun by A. T. Fowler, J. P. Harrison, E. P. Davis, R. T. Evans, A. J. Ogle, Olinus Smith, H. W. Peabody, J. H. Le Feaver, C. A. Ecklund, C. P. McKinley, N. E. Ballmer, and J. B. Leavitt, the area mapped being 741 square miles-270 square miles for publication on the scale of 1:125,000, with a contour interval of 100 feet, and 471 square miles for publication on the scale of 1: 62,500, with a contour interval of 25 feet. In connection with the mapping of the Cholame quadrangle part of the work previously done was revised to bring the entire map up to date. The area covered by this revision is 250 square miles. The mapping of the Preston Peak quadrangle, lying wholly in the Klamath and Siskiyou national forests, in Del Norte and Siskiyou counties, was completed by J. W. Muller and J. P. Harrison, the area mapped being 677 square miles, for publication on the scale of 1: 125,000, with a contour interval of 100 feet. For the control of this area Mr. Biggs ran 15 miles of primary levels and established 4 permanent bench marks. In connection with this work Frederick Rider made a profile survey of the South Fork of Smith River as far as Quartz Creek and of Klamath River, the total distance traversed being 30 linear miles, for publication on the scale of 1:48,000.

California and Nevada.-The resurvey of the Yellow Pine mining istrict, in Clark County, Nev., and San Bernardino County, Cal.,

was completed by N. E. Ballmer and Roscoe Reeves, the area mapped being 236 square miles, for publication on the scale of 1: 62,500, with a contour interval of 50 feet. Of this area 6 square miles is in California. For the control of this area L. F. Biggs occupied 13 triangulation stations and marked 8, of which 5 were occupied and 1 marked in California, and ran 80 miles of primary levels and established 21 permanent bench marks, all in Nevada.

Nevada. The resurvey of the Bristol Range quadrangle, in Lincoln County, was completed and that of the northwest quarter of the Panaca quadrangle and the northeast quarter of the Delamar quadrangle, in Lincoln County, was begun by H. H. Hodgeson, N. E. Ballmer, and Roscoe Reeves, the area mapped being 264 square miles, for publication on the scale of 1:62,500, with a contour interval of 50 feet. This work covers part of the Pioche district. For the control of this area Mr. Hodgeson occupied 14 triangulation stations and marked 13, and Mr. Reeves ran 27 miles of primary levels and established 7 permanent bench marks.

Utah. The resurvey of the Fairfield quadrangle, in Salt Lake, Tooele, and Utah counties, was completed by A. T. Fowler and W. O. Tufts, the area mapped being 228 square miles, for publication on the scale of 1:62,500, with a contour interval of 50 feet. For the control of this area and of the Mercur, Nephi, Mammoth, and Provo quadrangles, in Tooele, Utah, Salt Lake, Wasatch, Juab, Millard, and Sanpete counties, C. W. Urquhart occupied 16 triangulation stations and marked 13, and for the control of the Fairfield, Mercur, Saltair, and Dunstein quadrangles, in Salt Lake, Tooele, and Utah counties, Roscoe Reeves ran 123 miles of primary levels and established 34 permanent bench marks.

OFFICE WORK.

The drafting of the following topographic maps was completed: Christmas, Ariz.; Arena, Atwater, Cholame, Elizabeth Lake, Gustine, Morgan Hill, Newman, Orestimba Creek, Owens Creek, Planada, Preston Peak, San Juan Bautista, Snelling, and Stevinson, Cal.; Hilo, Hawaii; Bristol Range, Nev.; White Mountain, Nev.-Cal.; Fairfield, Utah.

The drafting of profile sheets of the following rivers was completed: Klamath and South Fork of Smith, Cal.

Progress in the drafting of additional sheets was made as follows: La Grange, Cal., 5 per cent; Le Grand, Cal., 5 per cent; New Alamaden, Cal., 15 per cent.

Primary-level circuits were adjusted for the following quadrangles: Crescent City and Preston Peak, Cal.; Bristol Range, Nev.; Yellow Pine mining district, Cal.-Nev.; Mercur and Saltair, Utah.

Geographic positions were computed for the following quadrangles: Pioche district (Bristol Range, Delamar, Ely Range, Newland, and Panaca), Nev.; Yellow Pine mining district, Cal.-Nev.; Merced, Planada, No. 11, Indian Gulch, Plainsberg, Le Grand, No. 9, Deadman Creek, Owens Creek, Chowchilla Slough, Mariposa Slough, Salt Slough, Ingomar, Las Garzas Creek, Berendo, Minturn, and No. 10, Cal.; Mercur, Utah; and Mount St. Helens, Wash.

INSPECTION OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING.

W. M. Beaman spent four months and A. M. Walker one month in a field inspection of topographic mapping in the five topographic divisions. Mr. Beaman continued the supervision of the field and office work on the map of Washington and vicinity, and Mr. Walker spent four months in field work and two months in office work on this map.

The office duties of Messrs. Beaman and Walker consisted largely in the supervision of the preparation of all topographic field sheets and reports for publication and their proper transmission. L. S. Leopold continued as assistant under this section.

MILLIONTH-SCALE MAP OF THE UNITED STATES.

Of the work in progress last year on the 1:1,000,000 scale map of the United States, under the direction of A. F. Hassan, 90 per cent of the base map of Idaho (parts of sheets K-11, K-12, L-11, L-12, M-11) was completed. International sheets K-18 and J-18 were completed, and the base maps of Florida and North Carolina were revised. New work included the completion of the base map of an area comprising approximately one-third of Colorado (parts of sheets J-13 and K-13) and the compilation of 80 per cent of the township lines of the rest of the State, the compilation and inking of 60 per cent of the base map of the Coastal Plain area of Texas (sheets I-14, I-15, H-14, and H-15), and the completion of international sheet I-18.

The problem of showing relief by contours, generalized to meet the conditions imposed by the small scale so as to preserve legibility and still show topographic character, received much study, and a Lumber of experimental drawings of intricately dissected plateau types were made.

WORK OF SECTION OF FIELD EQUIPMENT.

During the year this section continued the custody of field instruments and camp equipment, as well as office property in the Survey offices outside of Washington, for the geologic, topographic, and water-resources branches. The personnel and duties of the section remained unchanged during the year, consisting of E. M. Douglas