March; the remainder had to be postponed until the opening of the schools in August. This survey was undertaken at the request of the board of education and of the chamber of commerce of the city of San Francisco, and a report with conclusions and recommendations will be made to them.

In February and March the bureau conducted a survey of the schools of Webster Groves, Mo., at the request of the superintendent and board of education of that city, and a report with conclusions and recommendations is being submitted to them.

By agreement with the secretary of the Nassau County Association and a representative of the New York State Department of Education, the bureau assisted in February, March, and April in a survey of the public schools of Nassau County, N. Y., made for the purpose of recommending improvements in the schools of the county, and a report of the portion of this survey made by this bureau has been submitted to the State Department of Education of New York.

In April and May one of the specialists in school and home gardening made a school and home garden survey of the city of Richmond, Ind., as a part of a general industrial education survey of that city. A report of the part of the work done by the bureau, with conclusions and recommendations, has been submitted to the Richmond Vocational Education Survey Committee.

During the winter and spring the bureau made a survey of the system of public education of the State of Wyoming. This survey included a study of the administration of the public schools, an inspection of the schools of several counties, and a consideration of certain phases of the work of the State university. The survey was undertaken at the request of the Wyoming State School Code Committee, and a report, with conclusions and recommendations, was submitted to this committee in July.

The survey of private and higher schools for Negroes in the United States, which has been in progress for three years, has been completed and the results are being prepared for publication as bulletins of this bureau.

The educational survey of the Southern Appalachian Mountain counties in the States of Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, begun a year ago by Mr. C. G. Burkitt, employed especially for this purpose, has been continued. It is expected that this work will be completed and a report of it prepared within the current fiscal year.

Progress has been made on the educational survey of the State of Delaware. During the year investigations were made of opportunities of education for adult immigrants in the city of Wilmington, of opportunities for home gardens under the direction of the schools in Wilmington and several of the smaller towns, of industrial education.

in Wilmington, of the teaching of civics in the schools of Wilmington and certain other rural towns and communities as set forth elsewhere in this statement, and of the teaching of home economics and domestic science in certain parts of the State. The Children's Bureau and the United States Public Health Service cooperate with the Bureau of Education in this survey. Plans have been made for the completion of a large part of the survey of the State during the current fiscal year. The survey of the rural schools will be finished within the first half of the year. In connection with the survey constructive work is going on, some of which has already been begun, as set forth elsewhere in this statement. This survey is made at the request of the governor of the State, the State commissioner of education, the president and faculty of Delaware College, the superintendent of schools at Wilmington, and representatives of various organizations interested in the welfare of the State. The results of the survey will be published in sections from time to time as they are completed and will be submitted to the State board of education.

The work on the educational survey of the State of Tennessee to be made at the request of the State board of education of that State has been begun. One of the special collaborators attached to the substation of the bureau at the George Peabody College for Teachers has made a partial study of the high schools of the State. The work of the survey will be continued throughout the year.

In all these surveys of cities, counties, States, and institutions the bureau has had the hearty cooperation of school officials and teachers. In most instances the expenses of the members of the bureau and the expenses and honorariums of persons employed in the survey but not connected directly with the bureau have been paid by the city, county, State, or institution, for which the survey has been made. The reports of all the surveys (except that of Nassua County, New York, which will be published by the State Department of Education of New York, that of the University of Oregon, which has been published by that university, and the surveys of the College of St. Teresa and the schools of Jamestown, N. Dak., the reports of which are not of such a nature as to justify their publication as bulletins of this bureau) with conclusions and recommendations based on them, will be published as bulletins of this bureau. In this way the bureau will be able gradually to establish policies and standards of education throughout the whole country more effectively than could. be accomplished in any other way.

Other surveys promised for the current fiscal year include a survey of the administration of the public school system of the State of Colorado, which is now being made at the request of the Colorado Survey Committee of State Affairs; a survey of the entire educational system of the State of Arizona, which is now being made

at the request of the State superintendent of public instruction, the president of the State university, and the State Teachers' Association; a survey of the entire educational system of the State of New Mexico (promised conditionally); surveys of the public school systems of the cities of Canton and Elyria, Ohio; surveys of the public schools of Falls and Walker counties, Tex.; an internal survey of the University of Nevada, now being made at the request of the governor of Nevada, the board of regents, and the president of the university; an internal survey of the University of South Carolina; a survey of the Bradley Polytechnic Institute of Peoria, Ill., which is now being made at the request of the trustees, president, and faculty of the institute.

Many requests for other surveys have been made to this office, but with the bureau's meager equipment no others can be undertaken

now.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The number of special collaborators serving the bureau at the nominal sum of $1 a year has increased from 122 to 137. These special collaborators are attached to various divisions of the bureau, assigned to special substations, or work under the immediate direction of the commissioner. Sixteen have desks in the office at Washington and work here a part or all of the year. Two are in the New York office of the kindergarten division, and one in the office of the home education division at Philadelphia. They all assist in making investigations, preparing reports, conducting correspondence, holding conferences, making educational surveys, conducting special studies, gathering information, compiling bulletins and reports, formulating expert opinion and giving advice, and in representing the bureau at important meetings.

Special collaborators connected with the substation of the bureau at the University of Chicago have completed a study of the normal schools of the United States, the results of which have been published as a bulletin of the bureau under the title "Problems involved. in standardizing State normal schools." The study of higher education in the British Isles has been continued by a representative of the bureau, who within the year has made a report on the universities. of England and Scotland, and a report on legal education in Great Britain; and has almost finished a report on the universities of Ireland and Wales.

Cooperation with the Department of Agriculture for the study and promotion of agricultural education has been continued.

A member of the bureau remained with the bureau's exhibit at the Panama-Pacific Exposition until its close, and then remained to pack

the exhibit for shipment. A portion of it was shipped to the Panama-California Exposition at San Diego and the remainder to Washington. The bureau's school-library exhibit has been shown at several important places during the year as has also its traveling exhibit of school drawing.

DIFFICULTIES AND NEEDS.

The work of the bureau has been much impeded through lack of room, clerical help, and funds for the payment of traveling expenses. In several instances three or four specialists and their stenographers and typewriters are compelled to work in one room, studying, writing, making investigations, dictating, and receiving there those who come to consult them. The small rooms used for the library and never suited for its proper arrangement no longer afford shelf room for all the books, many thousands of which have had to be stored and can not therefore be used. The correspondence of the bureau, as elsewhere shown, is now five and a half times as large as it was six years ago, and other clerical work made necessary by new and extended activities of the bureau and by the greater general interest in its work has increased still more, but there has been very little increase in the clerical force; therefore correspondence and the copying of papers of various kinds are frequently much delayed and specialists at comparatively high salaries must neglect their own. legitimate work in order to do purely clerical work which might be done by clerks much better and at much less cost. Because of the smallness of the amount of funds available for the payment of traveling expenses, it has been necessary in most cases to require societies, communities, and institutions to which the bureau renders services involving expenses for traveling to pay these expenses. As an inevitable result a larger amount of such services is given to those societies, communities, and institutions most able to pay, while those less able but more in need of them must be denied. For the library and for the force of specialists and clerks now employed the bureau needs immediately 50 per cent more room than it has. The number of clerks, including stenographers, copyists, and tabulators, should be increased by at least 75 per cent, and there should be a larger number of clerks of the higher classes so that the bureau may not constantly lose its best and most promising clerks of the lower classes by transfer to other bureaus and departments in which the chances of promotion and larger pay are much better. The appropriation for traveling expenses should be five times as large as it is, so that the bureau may give its services where they are most needed and can be most effective rather than where there is most ability to pay the necessary expenses.

In many of the most important phases of education the bureau is able to render little or no service because it has in its employ no persons with special knowledge of them. In none can it serve fully and effectively, because in no division of the bureau dealing with the principles of education and their practical application is there a sufficient number of specialists to enable the division to respond to more than a very small number of the demands made upon it. If the bureau is to render the service which the country expects of it, and which it should render for the promotion of the cause of education throughout the country, not only must it have on its staft a much larger number of experts in various lines of educational work, but it must be able to pay them larger salaries. The salaries now paid for expert service in the bureau are lower than are paid corresponding grades of service in other Government bureaus, and much less than is paid for work of a lower grade in State, county, and city school systems.

Attention is called to the large number of manuscripts for bulletins accumulated at the end of the year, and which could not be printed earlier because of lack of funds. Several of these manuscripts have been waiting for many months and some of them for more than a year. Many of them will have lost much of their value before they can be printed and distributed. Because of this lack of funds for printing, the publication of many valuable manuscripts is delayed, and others that would be of much service to the country can not be printed at all.

In my introduction to the Annual Report of the Commissioner for 1915 I called attention to the fact that it is not now and probably never will be possible for the bureau to have the statistical volume of the Annual Report of the Commissioner ready for publication at the time now required by law. The manuscript for this volume of the report for the year ended June 30, 1915, which might have been published early in February had the law permitted, could not be ready for the printer in October, and has therefore had to be carried over for publication a year late as the statistical volume of the report for 1916. I am recommending elsewhere that Congress again be requested to amend the law in regard to the printing of reports so that the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education may be printed in January or February. Under present conditions the manuscript for the two volumes of this report can not be ready for the printer before the first of January.

All the needs of the bureau set forth in the statement of the commissioner for the year ended June 30, 1915, still exist, and the rapid movement of events within the year has created or brought to light others equally important. I therefore beg leave to submit again,

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