able reduction in the expenditure; and an astonishing rise in the public funds, attested the universal confidence in the public credit.

American independence, which threatened at first to involve the new republic in bankruptcy and confusion, was not productive of the injurious consequences, either to the commerce or the resources of Great Britain, which all parties at the time predicted; both attained a magnitude and a vigour, shortly after the war, of which they would have been deemed incapable before its commencement; the mother country appeared to have got rid of incumbrances, by allowing her untractable offspring to take the management of themselves, and to have acquired real strength, in proportion to her loss of troublesome and unruly authority. In a committee of the house of commons, early in 1792, Mr. Pitt congratulated the house on the flourishing state of the finances; the revenue of the last year had so much exceeded the average of the four preceding, that the permanent income, he informed them, would surpass the permanent expenditure, including the annual million set aside for extinguishing the national debt, by four hundred thousand pounds! Whence, government would be enabled to take off taxes, that bore chiefly upon the poorer classes, to the amount of two hundred thousand pounds, and apply the other two hundred thousand to increase the sum appropriated for the sinking fund! which, acting with compound efficacy, promised speedily to relieve the country from all the oppressive burdens, that clogged her industry or cramped her exertions. Peace, lasting peace only, was wanted to realize prospects more bright than the most sanguine imagination could have anticipated! and he did not hesitate to confirm the language from the throne, "that, unquestionably there never was a time when a durable peace might be more reasonably expected, than at the [then] present moment."

But the transatlantic revolt, though it did not operate in the manner that was expected, was productive of effects the most sagacious politician never dreamed of; it hastened, if it did not originate, a revolution the most stupendous the world ever witnessed ;-whose consequences as yet are

but very imperfectly developed. The political transactions in Scotland during this eventful period, it is impossible to separate from those of the empire, as these in their turn could be little understood without a general view of European politics. I shall not, therefore, multilate by detaching them.

Having thus finished what I originally intended, I now for the present take leave of my readers, with feelings of gratitude for their kindness in having accompanied me during a period protracted far beyond what I at first reckoned upon, by interruptions I could never have anticipated. Had I foreseen the untoward circumstances in which this undertaking was to involve me, and the many disagreeable accompaniments by which it was to be attended, it had yet remained unattempted by me. But having now accomplished so much, I should regret leaving the subject without rendering it as complete as I am able, and there are some topics which remain, distinct, though connected with. the history of Scotland, with which I should wish to close my labours the improvements of the country, and the history of literature and the fine arts since the union. These, from the views I at present have, I think, if it please God to preserve me in health, I shall be able to complete in an additional volume, which I propose printing uniform with this history; but, in order to prevent any future interruption, I do not intend to put it to press till it is in a state of such forwardness as to be beyond the reach of common accidents. J. A.

Edinburgh, 4th March 1829.

FINIS.

GENERAL INDEX.

Margaret, daughter to Henry III. king
of England, who is appointed his guar-
dian, ib. is seized at Kinross by the
Cumins, and carried to Stirling, 380.
assumes the government, ib. defeats
Haco king of Norway at Largs, ib.
makes peace with the Norwegians, 312.
present at coronation of Edward I.
383. is killed by a fall from his horse,

384

Alexander, lord of the Isles and earl
of Ross, guilty of many flagitious crimes,
is pardoned by king James I. ii. 91.
again rebels, plunders Inverness, ib. flees
to the Æbudæ, 92. supplicates the king's
mercy, ib. is pardoned, and sent to Tan-
tallon castle, 93

Alexander, son to Murdo, duke of
Albany, imprisoned, ii. 88. condemned
and executed, 89

Allanton, battle of, i. 354
Alnwick taken and burnt by the Scots,
ii. 141

Ancient languages, and names of
towns and nations, discussion concern-
ing, i. 97-113. names of districts and
towns changed, 221, 273-4

Ancrum, battle of, ii. 347

Angus, Gilchrist, earl of, quells in-
surrections in Galloway, i. 359, 362,
368. in Moray, 363. defeats the English,
367. puts his wife to death, 368. out-
Jawed, 369

Angus, Archibald, earl of, excites the
nobles to put to death the favourites of
James III. ii. 205. seizes Cochran, who
is hanged, 208. rejects the plan of the
king to bring his adversaries to punish-
ment, 217. his own proposal, ib. warns
the nobles to withdraw, and retires him-
self, 218. appointed to command the
fleet sent to France in room of Arran,
245. his prudent council to James IV.
at Flodden, 253-4. requests his dis-
charge-leaves his son as a pledge of
his loyalty-departs from the army, 255.
Angus, Archibald, earl of, married to
Margaret, widow of James IV. ii. 263.
his dispute with the Humes concerning
the regency, 265. retires with the queen
to England, ib. returns, 273. appointed
one of the governors of the kingdom,
276. his quarrel with Ker of Farnihurst,
277. action with his party in the streets
of Edinburgh, 278-9. banished to
France, 280. he returns-is appointed
one of the guardians of the kingdom,
289. carries the king to St. Andrews,
290. to Jedburgh, 292. defeats Scott of
Buccleugh, ib. defeats Lennox at Lin-
lithgow bridge, 294. ordered by the king
to resign his public employments, 298.

foiled in an attempt to gain possession of
Edinburgh-flees to Tantallon outlaw.
ed and his estates confiscated, 299. flees to
England, 302. returns, 328. his brave
conduct at Coldingham, 344. defeats the
English at Ancrum, 348. leads the first
line at the battle of Preston, 367

Angus, earl of, nephew to Morton,
appointed king's lieutenant, iii. 31. com-
mands the army against Argyle and
Athol, ib. encamps on banks of Carron,
ib. concludes a treaty with them, 32 de-
clared rebel, 43, permitted to return, 64.
appointed lieutenant of the marches, 108.

Angus, earl of, joins in the conspiracy
against the protestants,-apprehended
and confined in Edinburgh castle, iii.
188. escapes,-joins Huntly, 191. sub-
mits to the king, 198. proceedings against
him stopped, 200

Anne, ascends the throne, v. 514.
state of parties, ib. recommends a union
of the two kingdoms, 517. calls the
last parliament which sat in Scotland,
524. act of security, 531. the Scottish
plot, 537. Debates in the Scottish par-
liament upon the union, 553. act for it
passed, 559. voted by the Scottish par-
liament, 591. passes the English parlia-
ment, vi. 10. gives her assent to the
bill, ib. last Scottish parliament dissolv-
ed, 15. first British parliament held, 57.
privy council in Scotland abolished, 58.
information of the pretender's invasion
communicated by her to parliament, 63.
their proceedings, ib. the pretender and
his adherents proclaimed rebels, 64. pre-
parations for defeating his plans, 68. the
presbyterians loyal to the existing go-
vernment, 69. those in Scotland inimi-
cal to the union or favourable to the
pretender apprehended, 70. carried to
London for examination, 71. inquiry in
parliament respecting the late invasion of
Scotland, 82. whig administration dis-
missed, 99. parliament called-elections
in Scotland, 102. state of parties, 104.
debate on the linen trade of Scotland,
105. on the timber trade of ditto, 107.
proceedings of general assembly, 115.
profess their attachment to the house of
Hanover, 117. proceedings of parlia-
ment, 122. resolution respecting the
sitting in parliament of British peers
who were peers of Scotland before the
union, 125. persons holding public offi-
ces to lose their situations if present at
conventicles, 126. act for tolerating epis-
copal worship in Scotland, 127. patron-
age restored, 132. treaty of Utrecht,
145. extension of the malt tax to Scot-
land likely to dissolve the union, ib.

- her answer to the Scottish members'
resolutions, 149. addresses from the
north respecting the succession, 151.
from the clans upon the peace, 152. her
speech to parliament, 154. debate on
state of the nation, 155. protestant suc-
cession voted out of danger, 156. offers
a reward for the apprehension of the
pretender, 157. parliamentary proceed-
ings in consequence, 158. western and
southern counties declare for the house
of Hanover, 164. her death, 165. char-
acter, ib.

Antiburghers, their rise, vi. 590. ex-
communicate the burgher ministers, 591.
Apologetical Declaration, its effects,
v. 185. those who did not disown it
authorised to be put to death, ib.

Argyle, Gillespie, earl of, appointed
to carry over the crown to the dauphin
of France, ii. 401. sent by the Queen
Regent to treat with the lords of the
congregation at Perth, 406. joins the
congregation, 408. requires the queen
to leave Perth, 411

Argyle, earl of, proceedings of the
Regent (Morton) against him, iii. 19.
his interview with the infant king, 22.
persuades him to call a meeting of the
nobles, ib. proclaims Morton guilty of
keeping the king a captive, 31. concludes
a treaty with Angus, 32. appointed chan-
cellor, reconciled to Morton, 33. attack-
ed and defeated by Huntly, 208-9

admirable defence, 480. harsh proceed-
ings of the parliament, 482, and note.
his confidential letters to Monk sent ex-
press from London, produced, 484, and
note. is condemned-his behaviour on
receiving sentence 485, and note. his
address at the place of execution, 486.
his character, 487

Argyle, earl of, a member of the com.
mittee for public affairs, v. 44. gives the
casting vote for the execution of D. Car-
gill, 117. carries the crown before the
duke of York when commissioner, 123.
his speech on the Succession Bill, 125.
takes the Test with an explanation, 129.
refuses to repeat it-deprived of his of-
fices, 130. committed prisoner to the
castle, 131. charges against him, 132.
condemned, 135. escapes, ib. proposes
a rising in the west, 159. his estates an-
nexed to the crown, 207. enters into a
confederacy to free his country-ap-
pointed general, 209. arrives at Camp-
belton, 212. disconcerted in all his plans,
213-16. made prisoner, 218. brought
to Edinburgh, ib. warrant for his execu→
tion, 219. his conduct in the interval,
220-22. his execution, 224

Argyle, Archibald, earl of, one of the
committee for settling the government,
v. 306. conveys the instrument of go-
vernment, and a list of grievances to
William and Mary, 312.{a commissioner
for the union, 520. DUKE, ib. note; pro-
cures an act confirming the laws against
popery, 529. his death, 534. note.

Argyle, earl of, joins the covenanters,
iii. 486. undertakes to defend the west
coast, 497. reduces the disaffected in the
Argyle John, duke of, appointed com-
north, 542. joins the covenanters in Eng- missioner, v. 548. procures the act of union
jand, 566. accused of a design to depose to be passed, 559. agrees with the Scottish
the king, iv. 21. the principal evidence representatives to dissolve it, vi. 149.
condemned, 22. created a marquis, 49. presents their resolutions to the queen,
principal leader of the covenanters, 92. ib. his defence of his conduct, 150. ap-
takes Coquet Island, 140. proceeds to pointed commander in chief in Scotland,
Aberdeen-takes the house of Kellie, 207. garrisons the most advantageous
154. his fruitless pursuit of Montrose, positions in the highlands, 209. sum-
163. returns to Edinburgh-throws up monses the rebels in Leith citadel to
his commission, 164. his lands wasted surrender, 216. prepares to attack them
by Montrose-raises a force and goes in Seaton House, 218. diverted by a
against him-is defeated with great loss, stratagem of Mar's, ib. forbids the pay-
181. surprised by Munroe at Stirling- ment of the cess imposed by Mar, 234.
he escapes his troops massacred, 328. battle of Sheriff Muir, 237. reinforced
joins in applying to Cromwell for assist- by Dutch and English troops, 254. re-
ance, 329. crowns Charles II. at Scoone, ceives proposals from Mar-ordered to
425. removed from direction in public pursue the rebels, 255. takes Burnt-
affairs, 427. is permitted to retire to his island and other towns on the coast of
estates, 432. sends proposals to Monk, Fife, 256. proceeds against the rebels
410. refuses to submit to the English at Perth, 261. pursues them to the
commonwealth-is returned to the Eng- north, 264. arrives at Aberdeen, 267.
lish parliament, 463. sent to the tower, garrisons the North, Dunbarton, and
473. sent to Edinburgh castle-brought Edinburgh, ib. his reception at court,
to trial-the charges against him-his 268. dismissed from all his offices, 280.