AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS OF ENGLAND.

By reducing the returns of "Produce" furnished by the British Census Commissioners to one common standard, say tons of 2,240 lbs. each-we have the following results :

The returns of "Stock" are classed under the respective denominations of horses,

mules, asses, horned cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and poultry; and the following is the result of the classification:

Taking the assumed average value per head of each description of stock which the Census Commissioners of 1841 arrived at, after due inquiry, namely, horses and mules, £8 each; asses, £1; horned cattle, £6 10s.; sheep, $1 5s., and poultry, at 6d.; the total value of farm stock was, in 1847, £24,820,547; in 1849, £25,692,616; in 1850, £26,951,959; and in 1851, £27,737,393.

STATISTICS OF OHIO AGRICULTURE.

The Railroad Record, published at Cincinnati, furnishes the following interesting statement of the agricultural resources of Ohio:

It is a very difficult thing to determine the precise proportion in which land in any given State is used. Yet, this is an all important fact, in determining the productiveness of land, and the condition of a people. In Ohio, however, we can do this with tolerable accuracy; for both State and National Governments have ascertained different parts of the problem, to which the annual reports of the State Board of Agriculture have added much information. The following are elements gathered from these sources, and the conclusions to which they lead:

It thus appears that the entire land of the State is thus used, viz:

If we allow 20 per cent for woods and fallow ground, the grain and meadow land of the State may be doubled, with nothing but common cultivation. But, if we allow for the increase of skill and labor, which always result from the increase of population, then 50 per cent more should be added to the total production. As the people now in the State have a surplus of one half their whole production, it follows, that Ohio can support ten millions of people without feeling the burden of excessive population.

The aggregate crops, animals, &c., produced and sustained on nine millions of acres as above distributed, were as follows for the year 1851, as returned to the Auditor:

In the above catalogue of articles, Ohio is the first State in the Union, in wheat, corn, flax seed, maple molasses, horses, and sheep; proving the State to be the first in the Union in purely agricultural products. In wheat the census crop fell, in consequence of a failure of the crop, a little below Pennsylvania; but as the ordinary crop before and since, was nearly double that of Pennsylvania, it does not change the fact that Ohio is decidedly first in wheat as well as corn.

PRODUCTION OF MAPLE SUGAR IN THE UNITED STATES.

This tree flourishes throughout most of North America. Its hight is sometimes 100 feet. It is highly ornamental, and loves a cold climate. It makes the best of fuel. Its great excellence consists in yielding sap for the manufacture of vast quantities of maple sugar in the country during the months of Spring. An open winter, constantly freezing and thawing, is a forerunner of a bountiful crop of sugar. An orchard of maple trees is almost equal to a field of sugar cane of the same area, in the production of sugar. This tree reaches the age of 200 years. The statistics of the United States census for 1850, show that about thirty-four millions of pounds of maple sugar were manufactured in that year.

Of the twenty-seven States in which this sugar is manufactured—

These are the largest producers. Vermont makes by far the largest quantity in proportion to its territory.

In addition to this large yield of maple sugar in the States, the Indians east of the Mississippi River make annually 10,000,000 pounds, and those west of the river 2,000,000 pounds. The maple sugar product of the Canadas, in 1849, is stated as follows:-Lower Canada 2,303,168 lbs.; Upper Canada 4,160,667 lbs.

Besides the above sugar crop, there was a yield by the sugar maple in the United States, in 1850, of 40,000,000 gallons of maple molasses.

AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The following statistics of the agriculture of New Hampshire are derived from the annual message of the Governor of that State :

Lands under tillage..... acres 2,251,488 | Oats...

.$55,245,997 Peas and beans..
2,314,129. Barley...
8,871,901 Buckwheat

248,563 Potatoes

973,381

70,856

70,256

65,265

4,304,919

.lbs. 1,108,476

6,977,056

393,446 Wool.

domestic manufactures.

Wheat, average crop....bush. 185,658 Butter

Rye

Indian corn.

CULTURE OF THE MADDER OF COMMERCE.

The experiments which have of late been made with home-grown madder, says the Lowell Journal, have proved that, when properly treated, American is equal to the best French-grown madder. Like Turkey, Dutch, or Alsace madders, the American requires the addition of a little chalk, to produce the best effects. During the past winter, the Merrimack Company have used, with great success, some madder grown in Montague, Franklin county, Mass., and are now about to dye some calico with this Massachusetts madder, to be exhibited at the New York Crystal Palace. The Merrimack Company have lately received a small sample of madder grown in Georgia, which proves to be an excellent article, quite equal to that of Massachusetts. have been informed that there grows wild in Florida, a plant whose root, when eaten by hogs, colors their bones red. Such is the effect of the madder. Doubtless this is an indigenous species, whose cultivation would reward the planter.

We

MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES.

TRADE AND COMMERCE OF BUFFALO.

REPUBLIC OFFICE, BUFFALO, 23d June, 1853.

TO FREEMAN HUNT, Editor of the Merchants' Magazine.

DEAR SIR:-My attention has just been directed to an article in the June number of the Merchants' Magazine, which had hitherto escaped my notice, calling on me for an explanation of some apparent inaccuracies in the Review of the Trade and Commerce of Buffalo, for 1852, which was prepared by me, and of which I sent you a copy for publication, in March last.

Your correspondent, "Observer," says "in the account of the Commerce of Buffalo in the imports by lake for 1852, is mentioned, page 303, 45,140 lbs. of wool, valued at $3,387,500! which is a manifest error, either in the quantity or the value." The error is not in the figures which denote either the quantity or the value, but in the transposition of the letters "lbs." (pounds,) for "bls." (bales.) It is an error of the proof-reader, and may have been so in the corrected copy which I sent you, though my impression is I marked it in the corrected copy. However, had "Observer" examined any of the other tables, he would have found that "bales" was used in conPection with the article of wool in every table, and not " lbs." So much for that "error." Again he says, "on the same page, in the entrances and clearances at Buffalo, for 1852, it is stated:

Arrived from foreign ports...

46

66

I was not aware that the foreign tonnage arriving at Buffalo so much exceeded the American tonnage, and I am induced to ask you to inquire if it is so." In proof that my statement is correct, and that the foreign tonnage entering this port from foreign ports, actually exceeds the American tonnage as stated above, I have procured the following certificate from the Deputy Collector of this port, which speaks for itself. It is as follows:

"I find by the books of this office, that at this port, in 1852, there were 262 arrivals of American vessels from foreign ports, of 55,820 tonnage, and 669 foreign vessels from foreign ports, of 80,036 tonnage.

BUFFALO CUSTOM HOUSE, 23d June, 1853."

P. HOFFMAN, Deputy Collector.

One word in explanation. For the information of "Observer," who does not seem to be very well posted in our lake and commercial matters, i would remark that there are six steamers plying between this city and British ports, one making two trips a day, and the others tri-weekly trips, none of which are American vessels. Then again the large number of vessels engaged in the lumber trade, and which are built expressly for that business, are principally owned by men who manufacture lumber on the Canada shore, and are, of course, foreign vessels. But few American vessels are engaged in the trade between our ports and those of Canada, and it is only when other freights are very scarce and dull that they do so. This will explain "error" num

ber two.

Lastly, "Observer" says "And to inquire why the Buffalo statement does not contain a list of clearances and arrivals at Buffalo for American ports, as well as foreign

ports. If "Observer" will take the trouble to turn to page 304 of the review, he will find under the head of "Coasting Trade," the entrances and clearances at Buffalo of American vessels for American ports.

At the time I prepared that review I was connected with the Commercial Advertiser of this city, and it was my intention to have made the Review much fuller; but circumstances then beyond my control, prevented me from doing so, and many items which I had prepared, and which might very appropriately have formed part of the Review, were omitted.

Trusting that my explanation may prove satisfactory to yourself and to "Observer," I remain, with great respect, yours.

JOHN J. HENDERSON, Commercial Editor Republic.

COUNSEL TO MERCHANTS' CLERKS.

Make yourself indispensable to your employers; that is the golden path to success. Be so industrious, so prompt, so careful, that if you are absent one half-hour out of the usual time you will be missed, and he in whose employ you are shall say-"I did not dream George was so useful." Make your employer your friend, by performing with minuteness whatever task he sets before you; and above all, be not too nice to lend a hand at dirty work, no matter how repugnant-your business in after years depends upon how you deport yourself now. If you are really good for anything, you are good for a great deal. Be energetic; put your manners into your business; look as well as act with alacrity; appear to feel an interest; make your master's success your own, if you have an honest one. Let your eye light up at his request, and your feet be nimble; there are some who look so dull and heavy, and go with so slow and heavy a pace, that it is irksome to ask them what it is your right to demand of them: be not like these.

Be the arch upon which your employer may rest with safety; let him feel that he may intrust with you uncounted gold.

If you do an errand lightly you begin to lose his confidence; if you forget twice some important request, you cannot be trusted. If you accustom yourself to loose and untidy habits, you will gain no respect, but rather contempt. Avoid theaters, cardrooms, billiard saloons, as you would a pestilence; little faults are like so many loopholes in your character, through which all that is valuable sifts out, and all that is pernicious sifts in to fill the empty places.

But you say you want some pleasure! Make your work a pleasure. There are two ways of seeing sunrise-one with a dull, complaining spirit, that, if it could, would blot out the great luminary with its washy flood of eternal complaints; the other with joyous, lark-like pleasure, soaring out upward, and seeing along the western path gates of gold and palaces of ivory. So there are two ways of doing work; one that depresses the soul by its listless, formal, fretful participation; the other that makes labor a boon and a blessing-pursues it not only for gain, but the higher exaltation of the mental and moral being.

LIBERALITY OF A RUSSIAN MERCHANT.

The following is extracted from a late letter from St. Petersburg:—

The rich sheet iron merchant, Ivan Alexevitch Yakooleff, has most generously presented his majesty, through Count Orloff, an order on the bank for one million of silver roubles (equal to $770,900,) to make good the defalcation of Politkoffsky in the invalid fund, thus saving former and present members of the commission, with their families, from ruin,-as their estates and other property were all to be taken to indemnify the government.

Politkoffsky was president of the commission for the management of the invalid fund, and possessed the unbounded confidence of his associates in the commission. His death revealed the defalcation, which probably had been increasing for years until raised to above a million of silver roubles; for all which the emperor held the commission individually responsible. This would have involved most of them in ruin from which the above noble deed of Yakooleff has rescued them.