DISCUSSION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATISTICS-Contiuued.

Evils of Railway Construction and Management-continued.

Undue Cost of Construction ...

Causes of Undue Cost of Construction

Slight Pecuniary Interest of Managers

Construction on Credit..

Injudicious Location of Lines.

52

54

54

54

55

Attempts in France

The Austrian Railway System...

The Railway Problem in Pennsylvania..

In Wisconsin..

ways fully Established....

Corrupt Letting of Contracts

Fraudulent Purchase of Lines..

Misappropriation of Land Grants..

Mismanagement of Railroads in Operation..

Private Gains at Expense of Company and Public

The "Watering" of Stock.....

Unskilful Management...

Disregard of the Public Convenience

Failure to Appreciate Real Interests of Company.

Inefficiency of Management.

Excessive Charges

The Railroad Side of the Question...

The Problem to be Solved.

Attempts to Solve the Railway Problem in Europe..

Attempts in Englaud..

The Railway Problem in Germany.

Other Countries having similar Systems..

Spanish and Portuguese Railways

The Belgiau System.

The Holland System

Attempts to Solve the Railway Problem in this Country.

The Problem in New York...

The Problem in Massachusetts..

The Problem in other New England States

The Problem in Ohio..

55

55

56

61

61

62

62

63

63

64

65

65

66

66

66

71

73

75

75

76

76

77

77

78

79

80

80

80

81

81

81

84

Teachings of all past Experience: the Public Character of Rail-

The Right and Necessity of Control nowhere in Doubt..

That Control is Demanded by the Public Interests...

Control Demanded in the Interest of Capital

Original Sources of Capital

.......

The Necessity for Cortrol a Growing one

Remaining Questions those of Kind and Degree..

General Fault of Railway Legislation in this country.

Fault of Past Railway Legislation in Wisconsin...

The Early Legislation not Sufficiently Guarded...

85

85

85

86

86

87

87

87

88

88

89

90

90

Past Legislation too Special...

90

The People Not Free from Censure.

The Law of 1874-Its Merits.

91

91

Based on the Principle of General rather than Special Leg.

islation....

91

Maximum Preferable to Specific Rates.

92

Provides for Correct Information as the Basis of Future Action

Faults of the "Potter Law".

92

93

It Bears Heavily on the New Roads.

93

Not sufficiently Elastic..

94

DISCUSSION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATISTICS-Continued.

Faults of the "Potter Law"-continued.

Takes no account of Short Distances..

Fixes Maximum for Car Loads only

Treats Connecting Lines as continuous, but is silent as to

Division of Earnings

Imposes Duties Impossible of Accomplishment..

Remedial Measures....

State Ownership Inapplicable

Mileage of Roads owned and operated by Governments and

Companies in Europe......

Railway competition to some extent available.

Water Routes a Permanent though partial Restraint

State Supervision not fully tested...

Manner of Exercising state supervision.

Wholesome Restraints by General Enactment

Direct Limitation of Charges-Maximum Rates Fairly Deter-

mined

Rates not Determinable on the Basis of Actual Cost.... 106

Nor by the Railway Method of Computing Cost... 107

Nor on the Basis of Market Value of Stock and Bonds. 107

Value Determined by Appraisal

107

Legislative Limitations of Appraisal.

108

Publicity of all Contracts

124

Final Limitations upon Corporate Power

Publicity of all Losses, Purchasing, Conveyances, etc.. 124

The Relation of Stockholders to Managers

Statutory Limitations upon the Power of Directors

Railroad Directors and Officers.....

A Commission with Adequate Powers..

Summary of Conclusions....

II.

124

124

130

135

137

137

OFFICIAL PAPERS OF THE RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS.. 1-280

Classification of Roads and Rates of Fare and Freight

Classification of Roads.

Classification of Freight.

Rates of Fare and Freight..

Limitation of Charges for Fares.

OFFICIAL PAPERS OF THE RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS-Continued.

Limitation of Charges for Freight on Railroands classed "A"

and "B"

Railroads "A" and "B"-Freight Tariff-Specal Classes.

Limitation of Charges for Freight on Railroads classed "C"

Penalties for Violation of the Law .....

Inquiries and Answers concerning Classification of Rates (Circular

No. 4)...

Inter-State Conference of Railway Commissioners

Losses Entailed by the Potter Law.

Inquiries and Answers concerning Local Aid to Railway Companies

(Circular No. 5)...

Inquiries Concerning Farm Mortgage Aid (Circular No. 9).

Inquiries Concerning Local Aid (Circular No. 10)

Comparative Accounts of Business and Earnings of C., M. & St. P.

and C. & N. W. R. R. Co.'s during last Quarter of 1874, etc..

The Question of Charges for Fractional Miles.

Proposed Milwaukee & Southern Wisconsin Narrow-Gauge Railroad 30

Inquiries Concerning Railroad Lands (Circular No. --)..

Losses Entailed by the Law during last Quarter of 1874..

Railways in Construction (Inquiries and Answers)

Lawler's Pontoon Bridge...

32

33

34

....

37

Form of Annual Report of Railroad Companies...

Complaints of Violation of Law by Railroad Companies since Octo-

ber 1.

STATISTICS OF RAILWAY COMPANIES ....

38-49

.49-70

...... 71-280

Mileage, Cost and Earnings of the Railroads of the several States

of the United States (tables), 1873...

72-75

Railroad Lines and parts of Lines in Wisconsin (Tables)...

Statement relating to Origin and Cost of Wisconsin Railroads (Ta-

bles)

76-77

78-111

Statement of Stock and Debt of the Railways in Wisconsin (Ta-

bles)

112-173

Prices of St. Paul Stock in New York Market from 1860 to 1870 (Ta-

bles)

130-137

Prices of Chicago and Northwestern Stock in New York Market,

from 1860 to 1874 (Tables)..

146-151

Abstract of Reports by the Companies for year ending Dec. 31, 1873,

(Tables)

Passengers on Railroads in 1873 (Table)...

.... 181

... 182

Cause of Death and Injury to Passengers and Others in 1873 (Table) 183

Statement of Land Grants in Aid of Wisconsin Railways.

In aid of La Crosse and Milwaukee R. R

In aid of St. Croix and Lake Superior R. R

224

225

227, 249

STATISTICS OF RAILWAY COMPANIES-Continued.

In aid of Mil. and St. Paul R. R

In aid of North Wisconsin R. R..

In aid of Northern Pacific Air Line.

In aid of West Wisconsin R. R.....

To Wisconsin Railroad Farm-Mortgage Co.

In aid of Road from Madison to Portage

In aid of Chicago and N. W. R. R

In aid of Wisconsin Central R..

Land Concessions (table).

.....

.......

228

228

228

229

229

238

239

241

242

County, Town and Municipal Aid (Tables)

Farm Mortgage Aid to Railroads (Tables)

Freight Tariff Rates, Legal and Actual, C., Mil. & St. P. R R.

(Tables)

Passenger Fare, Legal and Actual, C., Mil. & St. P. R. R. (Tables). 254-7
Freight Tariff Rates Legal and Actual, C. & N. W. R. R. (Tables). 258-9
Passenger Fares, Legal and Actual, C. & N. W. R. R. (Tables).... 260-2
Reported Losses entailed by "Potter Law" upon C., M. & St. Paul
Co. (Tables)

263-4

Corporation Rates of Charges on Various Railroads of the country
(fables)

265-271

272

Influence of Railroads on Increase in Value of Real Estate and

Other Property in Wisconsin (Table)....

Financial Condition of the Railroad System of the United States... 273

Progress of Railway Construction in the Several States since 1850

(Table)

274-7

Funded Debt and Net Earnings of Railroads in the United States ..

The Railways of the World (Table).............

278

279

LAWS RELATING TO RAILROADS

280-328

STATE LEGISLATION-

Laws Relating to the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, and the

Roads Merged in and Absorbed by it

280-8

Laws relating to the Milwaukee & Št. Paul Railroad and the Roads

merged in and absorbed by it..

289

III.

CONTENTS OF THE APPENDIX.

EXECUTIVE AND LEGAL DOCUMENTS

Letter of President Alex. Mitchell to the Governor...

1-82

Letter of President Albert Keep

Proclamation by the Governor.

Address by the Governor.

Opinion of Attorney General on Validity of "Potter Law"

15781

The State of Wisconsin vs. The Chicago & Northwestern Railway

Co. In Supreme Court. In Quo warranto. Petition of the Attor-

ney General for leave to file Information

17

Order of the court...

Order of the court......

Information of the Attorney General.

Petition of the Attorney General....

Information of the Attorney General..

Wilhelm Frederick Pick et al. vs. Chicago and Northwestern R R.
Co., the Railroad Commissioners and A. Scott Sloan, U. S. Circuit
Court of the Western Dist. of Wis...

Opinion of the court, presented by Judge Drummond.

Suggestions by Justice Davis.

The State of Wisconsin vs. The Chicago and Northwestern Rl'y.... 28

19

20

22

24

24

EXECUTIVE AND LEGAL DOCUMENTS-Continued.

Information of the Attorney General for an injunction..

Opinion by Chief Justice Ryan

Order of the court...

Decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Ackley &

DECREES CONFIRMING REPORTS OF SALES

.28-31

33

78

Letter of Hon.

Alex, Mitchell, President C., Mil. & St.

Paul, to the

Governor.

79

M. & St. Paul Co.....

RECORDS OF RAILWAY COMPANIES...

Articles of Association of Chicago & N. W. Co.... . . .

Of Mineral Point Co

Of St. Paul Co.....

Deeds of Conveyance

Articles of Consolidation

Leases...