Christian Monasticism |
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Page 160
... France before 1400 , owing to the rise of the labouring class in economic prosperity and the change in agrarian policy of the monks from a regime of exploitation to one of leasing their properties . A similar rhythm was visible ...
... France before 1400 , owing to the rise of the labouring class in economic prosperity and the change in agrarian policy of the monks from a regime of exploitation to one of leasing their properties . A similar rhythm was visible ...
Page 179
... France in particular was the only means of securing domestic independence . It was not , however , universal , and in German- speaking countries the new and revived unions were on the model of IV Lateran , though somewhat more ...
... France in particular was the only means of securing domestic independence . It was not , however , universal , and in German- speaking countries the new and revived unions were on the model of IV Lateran , though somewhat more ...
Page 197
... France had returned before 1914 , but there were losses of houses and personnel in both World Wars . Despite this , their numbers rose steadily from fifty - two houses with 2,900 monks in 1891 , to fifty - eight with 3,700 in 1940 and ...
... France had returned before 1914 , but there were losses of houses and personnel in both World Wars . Despite this , their numbers rose steadily from fifty - two houses with 2,900 monks in 1891 , to fifty - eight with 3,700 in 1940 and ...
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abbey abbot activity Athos austere Basil became Benedict of Aniane Benedictine Beuron bishops black monks Boniface brethren Bursfeld canons Canterbury Carthusians Cassian cathedral Catholic cenobitic centre chant chapter choir Christ Christian church Cistercian Cîteaux Clairvaux cloister Cluniac Cluny commendam congregation contemporary dormitory early eleventh century England English established existence fathers followed foundations founded France French friars Germany Giustina gradually Grande Chartreuse hermits historians holy horarium houses individual influence Italy land Lanfranc later lay-brothers liturgical lived manuscripts Maredsous Maurists medieval middle ages missionary modern world monachism monastery monastic monastic body monastic history monastic order monasticism Monte Cassino observance organisation origin Pachomius papal Peter Peter the Venerable prayer psalms reading recruits refectory reform remained revival Rome rule of St saints scholars Solesmes spiritual St Benedict St Bernard St Ottilien Subiaco teaching time-table tion traditional Trappists Vannists vocation vows western Europe white monks writing