plant and discharge line. An earth dam and canals are being built on the Deschutes project in Oregon, and work was resumed under the war food program on canals and distribution system for the Yakima-Roza project in Washington.

The Northwest is mindful of this wartime food and power production record as it regards the Bureau's inventory of new projects for the postwar period and analyzes the significant features of that inventory.

Forty-seven potential developments in the States of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and western Montana are "inventoried," and many of these would be multiple-purpose in scope. They would bring under irrigation 1,970,195 acres of new land, provide a supplemental supply to 1,552,855 acres now suffering with shortages, add 1,084,500 kilowatts of installed capacity in existing Bureau power plants, and provide 753,420 kilowatts of new firm power on projects under study.

REGION 2

An increased production of food for military and civilian needs and of electric power for war industries marked operations of Bureau projects in region 2, largest of which is the Central Valley project. The region includes three-fourths of California and a small area in Oregon. Construction was completed during the year on the 37-mile long Madera Canal to provide water for irrigating approximately 100,000 acres of land in the fertile San Joaquin Valley. The power plant at Shasta Dam, completing its first full year of operation, generated 739,000,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity to turn the wheels of California's wartime industry.

While contributing to the war program, the region also moved ahead with its plans for meeting the problems of peace. Thousands of jobs will be created and hundreds of irrigated farms made available for settlement through further development of the Central Valley project and 36 other projects included in the Bureau's postwar inventory. The first of these projects on which work will start in the immediate future is the 156-mile Friant-Kern Canal. The War Production Board approved construction of the initial 5.6-mile section in June. The canal, when completed, will extend from Millerton Lake, the reservoir created by Friant Dam, to the Kern River near Bakersfield, to provide water for irrigating 358,000 acres of new land in the highly productive San Joaquin Valley and supplemental water for an additional 374,000 acres threatened by shortages.

Millerton Lake, the reservoir created by Friant Dam, reached full capacity and overflowed the spillway of the dam for the first time on June 30. Storage capacity of the reservoir for irrigation and flood control purposes will be increased by 83,000 acre-feet with the installation of three drum gates and other control facilities on the spillway

section of the dam. Contracts for this installation are scheduled to be let early in the next fiscal year. The reservoir in 1944 provided water for irrigating 32,500 acres of land for crops and 110,000 acres for pasture land for more than 140,000 head of cattle. Watermarketing contracts were in process of negotiation with 12 irrigation districts in the San Joaquin Valley as the fiscal year drew to a close. The Bureau has also initiated negotiations with several municipalities in the Sacramento area for a larger market for power generated at Shasta Dam. Although the plant operated at only two-fifths of its ultimate capacity during the year because the war deferred installation of full generator capacity, its output represented a saving of 1,400,000 barrels of oil which would have been consumed as fuel by steam-plant production of the same amount of power. An application was pending before WPB for the return to Shasta of two 75,000kilowatt generators "loaned" to the Coulee Dam plant because of the war emergency. Release of water from Shasta Reservoir helped provide for irrigation needs in the Sacramento Valley, enabled farmers to double the acreage of rice, and helped protect $14,500,000 worth of crops by controlling salt-water intrusion in the delta. Record crops were grown on the Klamath project in southern Oregon and 16,300 carloads of food were shipped.

Work was continued during the year on plans for postwar developments in the region and on preparation of comprehensive reports of projects and river basins. The Central Valley Basin report was in final stage of completion, recommending a program which would double the irrigated acreage in Central Valley through construction of 38 reservoirs for storage of 30,000,000 acre-feet of water now largely wasted. Cost of the program is estimated at $1,800,000,000 based on 1940 prices, and benefits from such development would amount to an estimated $275,000,000 annually. The report on Santa Barbara County investigations has been completed and is now in Washington for review. Joint investigations by the Bureau and the Corps of Engineers on the Salinas and Russian River Basins are in progress. Plans also progressed during the year for developing the recreational facilities of Millerton Lake and Shasta Reservoir, the work to be under the general direction of the National Park Service.

REGION 3

This region is the "powerhouse" without which the record production of war industries in southern California would not have been possible. From the giant power plant at Boulder Dam alone, came 6 billion kilowatt-hours of electric energy used in turning out planes and ships, in processing magnesium, and in producing other equipment and materials so vital to the war effort. From the farms irrigated by Bureau projects in this area, which embraces the State of Arizona,

southern California, and small portions of Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah, also came great quantities of food for the armed forces and the civilian population.

More than half of the electric power used by war industries in this region was produced at Bureau-operated hydroelectric plants, of which the one at Boulder Dam on the Colorado River is the largest in the world. An additional 82,500-kilowatt generator was added to the plant during the year, bringing its total capacity to 1,036,000 kilowatts. Its output of 6 billion kilowatt-hours of energy yielded a revenue of $8,574,300. Including the power output at two smaller plants, one at Parker Dam below Boulder, the other on the Yuma project in Arizona, a total of 6% billion kilowatt-hours of energy was produced.

Region 3 continued its substantial contribution to the Nation's war food supply. Crop production, for the calendar year 1944 from 743,018 acres served by Reclamation facilities, was valued at $112,780,437 and exceeded by $3,407,259 the record production established by the region's farmers in the previous year.

On the 150,000-acre unit of the Gila project (Arizona), approved for construction, leveling operations were completed on 5,000 acres of public land in the 8,500-acre tract cleared by the War Production Board as a dust control project for the important Yuma Air Base. Over 1,300 acres are now in alfalfa and the remainder of the public land will be seeded to a sudan grass cover crop during the summer and to alfalfa in the fall of 1945. On the All-American Canal project (California), construction was progressing rapidly at the end of the year on the Coachella Canal which will bring water to 22,000 acres.

Members of the region 3 staff and other Bureau personnel have also been in charge during the past year of preconstruction surveys and the preparation of designs and specifications for the $17,500,000 aqueduct to provide a water supply for the city of San Diego from the Colorado River.

All possible effort, with curtailed personnel, is being made in the planning of the region's 35 projects in the inventory of projects for postwar construction. Emphasis is being placed on those projects that can go forward immediately as the Nation converts from war to peace. The potential program, which would require an expenditure of upwards of $1,000,000,000 would supplement and insure the water supply for some 600,000 acres presently irrigated but without an adequate water supply, as well as furnish water for some 800,000 acres of lands not now irrigated. In addition to the irrigation benefits, these multiple-purpose projects would add 1,885,000 kilowatts of hydroelectric capacity to the Region's power pool.

Resumption of work on Davis Dam, halted late in 1942, has been authorized by the War Production Board. This dam, 65 miles downstream from Boulder Dam, will aid in regulating the flow of the Colo

rado River for downstream uses and provide means of compliance with the pending treaty with Mexico.

Construction work on a large scale can be resumed at short notice on the Gila and All-American Canal projects. These projects when completed and developed will provide for, roughly, 3,000 new familysize farm units. Study of the Central Arizona project, a project to divert water from the Colorado River to the highly developed irrigated agricultural area near Phoenix now sorely in need of supplemental water, is receiving priority attention. The State of Arizona is cooperating in the investigations of this project. Progress on the many other projects in the inventory will be accelerated as additional personnel and equipment become available.

REGION 4

Region 4 increased its contribution to the winning of the war while carrying on limited construction activities and speeding up postwar plans for basin-wide development of water resources. This region includes most of Utah and Nevada, that part of Wyoming and Colorado west of the Continental Divide, and small sections of Idaho, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Food for fighting men and industrial war workers was the major contribution to the war from 18 projects in operation in the region. Such operation included the storage of water in 13 Bureau reservoirs, with an aggregate capacity of nearly 1,365,000 acre-feet, in addition to the distribution and handling of other water supplies for irrigation. Approximately 494,000 acres irrigated by these projects in 1944 produced crops valued at $35,000,000, an increase of over 50,000 acres and $500,000 respectively during the year.

The West's big $200,000,000 steel plant at Geneva, Utah, was furnished an increased industrial water supply from the Provo River project. The city of Ogden, Utah, threatened with a water shortage, continued to receive protection for its municipal supply from Pineview Reservoir, which, also, furnished water to war housing facilities and the Army's Bushnell Hospital in the area. The armed forces benefited from the services of 33 experienced engineers on military leave from the region. Reclamation reservoirs provided recreational opportunities for thousands of people.

Construction continued on the Mancos project, Colorado, and the Newton, Provo River, and Scofield projects, Utah. Sufficient progress had been made on the enlargement of two canals and a section of the Provo River Channel, Provo River project, to furnish a supplemental water supply of 28,000 acres of highly developed lands. A 6-mile pipeline section of the 40-mile Salt Lake Aqueduct was constructed, bringing to completion about 20 miles of the conduit that will carry water to Salt Lake City and other municipalities and in

dustries in the area. Work was advanced on Scofield Dam and highway and railroad relocations. Work was still suspended by War Production Board stop-order on the 6-mile Duchesne Tunnel of the Provo River project, the Eden project, Wyo., and three small reservoirs of the Ogden River project.

In project planning activities, emphasis was placed on the formulation of general basin-wide plans for full utilization and control of water resources in three river basins. Preliminary reports outlining comprehensive plans for ultimate development in the Colorado River and Bonneville Basins were prepared and submitted informally for review and comment to the States and local interests concerned.

The Colorado River report, prepared in cooperation with region 3, outlines some 92 projects in the upper basin to provide 1,200,000 acres of new land with a full irrigation supply and 500,000 acres of inadequately irrigated land with a supplemental supply. Potential hydroelectric power plants are outlined with installed capacities aggregating 1,700,000 kilowatts and annual firm power generation exceeding 9 billion kilowatt-hours.

The Bonneville report describes 13 potential projects, including those that would import water from the Colorado River Basin, to bring a full irrigation supply to 350,000 acres not now irrigated and a supplemental supply to 325,000 acres insufficiently irrigated. In addition 1.2 billion kilowatt-hours of energy could be produced in hydroelectric plants, and flood control and other benefits provided. A report was well advanced on the Lahontan Basin, and detailed project investigations were being conducted and plans and estimates were being prepared for several projects in these three basins which are recommended for initial construction in the postwar period.

REGION 5

Maintenance of a high level of agricultural production on operating projects, continued construction on three war-food projects and planning for a program of postwar development marked the activities of region 5 during the current fiscal year.

The 6,534 irrigated farms in the Carlsbad and Rio Grande projects in New Mexico and Texas produced crops last year valued at $23,205,821. The crops were grown on 174,858 acres, and the cash income averaged $132.10 an acre. Almost 17,000,000 kilowatt-hours of hydroelectric power, with revenue amounting to $329,447.90, were produced last year at Elephant Butte Dam on the Rio Grande project in New Mexico.

Construction in the region during the year was centered principally on the Altus, Oklahoma, and Tucumcari, New Mexico, projects, and to a minor extent on the Balmorhea and Marshall Ford Dam projects in Texas, and the Fort Sumner project in New Mexico.