16 to 22. We hope to make this week a really notable event in the way of public education of our people with reference to the Constitution of the United States and the principles and ideals of our government. With this in view we have outlined a special subject for each day and under each subject we have appended material that may be suggestive and helpful for those who will carry out the program. We hope and expect, with due activity and co-operation on the part of members of the Bar in the various state and county organizations, that practically every community in this country will hold a special observance of Constitution Week. 4. Co-ordinating Bar Associations. By means of the community meetings incident to the celebration of our national holidays as above set forth, and through special community programs such as is mentioned below, your committee has been instrumental in co-ordinating the services and activities of local and state bar associations for united action in furtherance of our common purpose. We think that this is one of the most beneficial results of our committee's activities. Judging from the correspondence received, it is quite apparent that the members of the Bar all over the country have become aroused as to the need of greater activity in defense of our government and in the promotion of a better citizenship, and that we have laid the basis for a nation-wide movement which the American Bar Association, we feel sure, will endorse and maintain. As another means to the same end your committee has prepared and distributed to all the state bar associations a suggested by-law for the creation of a standing committee on American Citizenship. If such a by-law is generally adopted by state bar associations, we shall have a compact national organization for citizenship activities which will furnish the opportunity for immediate contact with the Citizenship Committee of this Association, which will naturally function as a central exchange bureau for all the states. 5. Community Programs.-Your committee has, among other citizenship activities, especially featured the community program which was put on at Wichita, Kansas, under the leadership of Hon. Earle W. Evans, in co-operation with the League of Women Voters of that city, during a period of five weeks, under the name of the "Drama of American Citizenship." Each student attending the series was given a certificate which counted as a credit in "Civics" in their school course. Five hundred copies of this program were sent out to those on our mailing list and we have received a large number of responses to the effect that a similar program would be undertaken in a number of towns and cities. The enterprise manifested in originating and carrying out this splendid movement, which we have been pleased to call "The Wichita Community Program" in tribute to the patriotic women of that city, cannot be too highly commended. 6. Public Addresses.-The members of this committee have given a number of addresses at state bar association meetings and on various occasions in many of the states, bearing upon the main objective of our service, and we have been instrumental in having members of the Bar in a large number of the states perform a similar service. 7. New Federalist Articles.-Your committee has been instrumental in having the new Federalist Series of Articles, appearing in our Journal, widely published throughout the United States. We hope to have them bound for distribution at this meeting, together with other data with reference to our activities. 8. Publicity and the Press.-In co-operation with the officers of the Association and its Committee on Publicity, your committee has furnished various items, including cartoons, for the press of the country, and it has published some of these articles and cartoons separately for general distribution. Members of the committee have also written special articles for several periodicals, and in these and other ways the activities of the American Bar Association on behalf of good citizenship-with special reference to the main objective of our service as previously stated-has been called to the attention of the whole country. 9. Miscellaneous.-Among the other activities of the committee, in addition to a large volume of personal correspondence, we have stimulated the display and sale of books in the field of citizenship by urging publishers to feature such books and having book stores advertise and make a special display of works on United States history, the Constitution, etc.; prepared a bibliography of books and pamphlets on the Constitution; encouraged district conferences among members of the Bar with reference to citizenship activities; prepared a "Citizenship Creed"; arranged for patriotic programs in a number of cities through the local bar associations; and in many other ways which need not be now detailed your committee has endeavored to offer helpful suggestions for activity on the part of members of the Bar in this work of patriotic education. PLANS FOR FUTURE SERVICE. The lines of activity of your committee as above set forth indicate in a general way what can be done in service to our country by the American Bar. However, your committee feels that it has only paved the way and that complete organization and more intensive service remain to be accomplished. It should be borne in mind that the service which is incumbent upon us is primarily one of education. Such education begins with the children in our schools and should extend itself so that every adult citizen in our country is reached. The foundation work, however, is to be done in our schools and we reiterate the statement made by a former committee report, " The schools of America must save America." The committee's work should be organized, therefore, first of all so that in some way direct contact is made with all our schools and colleges and thus stimulate a better training for citizenship than has been the case heretofore, starting on the right road the voters and leaders of tomorrow, the citizens-in-the-making now in school. As a distinguished educator has remarked, "The program for the solution of national problems, whether for good or for ill, is now being shaped in the school rooms of America. Occasional inspirational addresses on our government and on good citizenship, saluting the flag, and patriotic songs are all good, but for substantial results we must work for a system of school and college instruction wherein citizenship training is the main objective, as indeed it is the only proper objective for our American free public school system. In addition to direct contact with the schools, the American Bar Association organization, through the state, county, and community units, can be instrumental in reaching directly our adult population upon occasions of various public gatherings. The national holidays furnish some of these occasions, but they should be far more numerous than simply on special holidays. With a little thought and effort a Citizenship Committee in every community can use and create occasions when talks on our government and our Constitution can be made at various community gatherings. Our Citizenship Committee could create a Speakers' Bureau whereby prominent jurists, lawyers and public men could be assigned to notable convocations that are held all over the country. The state bar associations could perform a similar service for their respective states and furnish speakers for various community meetings. Since the press of our country is one of the chief mediums for the education of the public, your Committee on American Citizenship should use every possible means to reach our newspapers and magazines. This committee, when fully organized, could furnish sufficient material for a Department of American Citizenship in newspapers and periodicals. This department of our service alone might well command the entire time of a properly qualified assistant. We have indicated above the two main points of contact for education in citizenship toward which, as it seems to us, we should strive; to wit: The school district and the community unit, and the bar associations furnish an excellent medium in bringing these two units together for the common purpose which we have in mind. All existing organizations that are in any way engaged in civic activities such as the American Legion, the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., the Masonic Service Association, Knights of Columbus, Council of Jewish Women, Daughters of the American Revolution, Women's Federated Clubs, National Security League, American Federation of Labor, the Advertising Club of America, Rotary, Kiwanis, and Lions Clubs, Boy Scouts, Chambers of Commerce, the National Manufacturers' Association, the Federal Councils of Churches, etc.-will of course lend their quota of assistance and should be enlisted for co-operation to the greatest possible extent. In this connection the committee desires to express its thanks to Honorable J. H. Hamiter, of the Little Rock Bar, for his liberal contribution toward the continuance of this work. RECOMMENDATIONS. Your committee begs leave to recommend: 1. That a section of this Association on American Citizenship be created. We are proposing the continuation of citizenship activities under such an organization, first, because we believe that such work should be perpetuated and dignified as a regular section of this Association; and secondly-and the more important reason -in order to give those who are directing the work a reasonable amount of liberty and the assurance of a continuity of policy. 2. That the Executive Committee of this Association be authorized to make such appropriation from the Association's funds as may be necessary and expedient for the immediate needs of the Section on American Citizenship, and to take such action as it deems proper looking to the securing of sufficient funds for this service in order that necessary assistants may be employed and the work proceed without further delay along the general lines indicated in the preceding section of this report. Respectfully submitted, R. E. L. SANER, Chairman, FINAL REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON JUDICIAL ETHICS. To the Executive Committee of the American Bar Association: The Committee on Judicial Ethics was appointed January, 1922, pursuant to a resolution of the Executive Committee. In January, 1923, a draft of canons of judical ethics, with a preamble and certain ancient precedents, was submitted as a preliminary report. By authority of the Executive Committee, this draft was published in the February number, 1923, of the American Bar Association Journal, and criticisms were invited. A host of suggestions have been received from both the Bench and Bar, all of which, as well as many comments of the public press, we have considered. Consequent to this consideration, a redraft of the proposed canons, containing, as before, the quotation of certain ancient precedents and a preamble, is submitted herewith. We are convinced that the approval of the present draft by the Association is desirable. Most of the comments received by us were commendatory, many of them containing valuable suggestions and observations of which we have availed ourselves. The adverse criticisms were relatively few. They varied greatlyfrom suggestions on the one hand that the canons are obvious, commonplace, well known, universally recognized, and now observed, to the converse, that they contain counsels of perfection which are the result of ignorance of actual conditions. Some critics suggest that any judge is unfit for the place he occupies who fails to observe the canons, though unwritten, and hence their formulation is wholly uncalled for; while others suggest that it is either absurd or quixotic to expect their observance. Some fear the results of a narrow construction, as tending to permit and promote equally objectionable conduct not specified; while others entertain the view that it is hopeless to expect conformity with the canons as written. Some think the subject no business of the Association; while others say we have not gone far enough. Some believe the ancient precedents could not be improved upon, and are sufficient in themselves; others, that even the ancient precedents, being characteristic of lawyers, do not require statement. Most of these adverse comments are a repetition of the arguments made against the present canons for the conduct of members of the Bar, when they were before the Association. They are |