and was at Cowan's Ford, N. C., Feb. 1, 1781, when the British army under Cornwallis forced a passage. During the fight General Davidson was killed. Davie, WILLIAM RICHARDSON, military officer; born near Whitehaven, England, June 20, 1756; came to America in 1764 with his father, and settled in South Carolina with his uncle, who educated him at the College of New Jersey (where WILLIAM RICHARDSON DAVIE. he graduated in 1776), and adopted him as his heir. He prepared himself for the law as a profession, but became an active soldier in the Revolution in a troop of dragoons. When he was in command of the troop he annexed it to Pulaski's Legion. He fought at Stono, Hanging Rock, and Rocky Mount; and at the head of a legionary corps, with the rank of major, he opposed the advance of Cornwallis into North Carolina. After the overthrow of the American army at Camden he saved the remnant of it; and he was a most efficient commissary 'under General Greene in the Southern Depart ment. He rose to great eminence as a lawyer after the war, and was a delegate to the convention that framed the national Constitution, but sickness at home compelled him to leave before the work was accomplished. In the convention of North Carolina he was its most earnest and able supporter. In 1799 he was governor of North Carolina, but was soon afterwards sent as one of the envoys to the French Directory. Very soon after his return he withdrew from public life. In March, 1813, he was appointed a major-general, but declined the service on account of bodily infirmities. He died in Camden, S. C., Nov. 8, 1820. Davis, ANDREW JACKSON, spiritualist; born in Blooming Grove, Orange co., N. Y., Aug. 11, 1826. While a shoemaker's apprentice in Poughkeepsie, early in 1843, remarkable clairvoyant powers were developed in him by the manipulation of mesmeric influences by William Levingston. He was quite uneducated, yet while under the influence of mesmerism or animal magnetism he would discourse fluently and in proper language on medical, psychological, and general scientific subjects. While in a magnetic or trance state he made medical diagnoses and gave prescriptions. In March, 1844, he fell into a trance state without any previous manipulations, during which he conversed for sixteen hours, as he alleged, with invisible beings, and received intimations and instructions concerning the position he was afterwards to occupy as a teacher from the interior state. In 1845, while in this state, he dictated to Rev. William Fishbough his first and most considerable work, The Principles of Nature, her Divine Revelations, and a Voice to Mankind, which embraces a wide range of subjects. He afterwards published several works, all of which he claimed to have been the production of his mind under divine illumination and the influence of disembodied spirits. Among his most considerable works are Great Harmonia, in 4 volumes; The Penetralia; History and Philosophy of Evil; The Harbinger of Health; Stellar Key to the Summer Land; and Mental Diseases and Disorders of the Brain. Mr. Davis may be considered as the pioneer of modern spiritualism. The Davis, CHARLES HENRY, naval officer; born in Boston, Jan. 16, 1807; entered the naval service as midshipman in 1823; was one of the chief organizers of the expedition against Port Royal, S. C., in 1861, in which he bore a conspicuous part. For his services during the Civil War he received the thanks of Congress and promotion to the rank of rear-admiral. In 1865 he became superintendent of the Naval Observatory at Washington. He was a recognized authority on tidal actions and published several works on that subject. He died in Washington, D. C., Feb. 18, 1877. Davis, CUSHMAN KELLOGG, statesman; born in Henderson, N. Y., June 16, 1838; CUSHMAN KELLOGG DAVIS. (q. v.). In 1872 he was nominated for President by the Labor Reform party, but declined to run after the regular Democratic and Republican nominations had been made. He resigned in 1883 and retired to Bloomington, Ill., where he died June 26, 1886. Davis, GEORGE WHITEFIELD, military officer; born in Thompson, Conn., July 26, 1839; entered the Union army as quartermaster's sergeant in the 11th Connecticut Infantry, Nov. 27, 1861; became first lieutenant April 5, 1862; and was mustered out of the service, April 20, 1866. On Jan. 22, 1867, he was appointed captain in the 14th United States Infantry. At the beginning of the war with Spain he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers; and on Oct. 19, 1899, he was promoted to colonel of the 23d United States Infantry; and on the reorganization of the regular army, in February, 1901, he was appointed one of the new brigadier generals. He was for several years a member of the board on Public War Records; commanded a division in the early part of the war with Spain; in May, 1899, was appointed governor-general of Porto Rico; and in 1904 governor of the American zone of the Panama Canal cession. graduated at the University of Michigan in 1857; studied law and began practice in Waukesha, Wis. During the Civil Davis, HENRY GASSAWAY, legislator; War he served three years in the Union born in Baltimore, Md., Nov. 16, 1823; rearmy. In 1865 he removed to St. Paul, ceived a country-school education; was an Minn. He was a member of the Minne- employee of the Baltimore & Ohio Railsota legislature in 1867; United States road Company for fourteen vears; afterdistrict attorney for Minnesota in 1868 73; governor of Minnesota in 1874-75; and elected to the United States Senate in 1887, 1893, and 1899. For several years he was chairman of the Senate committee on foreign relations, and was a member of the commission to negotiate peace with Spain after the war of 1898. He published The Law in Shakespeare. He died in St. Paul, Nov. 27, 1900. Davis, DAVID, jurist; born in Cecil county, Md., March 9, 1815; graduated at Kenyon College, O., 1832; admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1835; elected to the State legislature in 1834; and appointed a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1862. He resigned this post to take his seat in the United States Senate on March 4, 1877, having been elected to succeed JOHN A. LOGAN BRIG.-GEN. GEORGE WHITEFIELD DAVIS. ward engaged in banking and coal-mining to Congress as a Whig in 1854, and at in Piedmont, W. Va.; and was president the dissolution of that party joined the of the Piedmont National Bank. In 1865 American or Know-Nothing party, and he was elected to the House of Delegates was re-elected to Congress in 1858. In of West Virginia; was a member of the 1861 he announced himself in favor of an national Democratic conventions in 1868 unconditional Union while a candidate and 1872; State Senator in 1867-69; and for re-election. He was overwhelmingly a United States Senator in 1871-83. He defeated, but in 1863 was re-elected. Alalso served on the Inter-continental Rail- though representing a slave State, Senator way Commission, as chairman of the Davis was a strong antislavery advoAmerican delegation to the Pan-American cate. He died in Baltimore, Md., Dec. 30, Congress, and was the Democratic candidate for Vice-President in 1904. Davis, HENRY WINTER, legislator; born in Annapolis, Md., Aug. 16, 1817; graduated at Kenyon College in 1837; elected 1865. Davis, ISAAC, patriot; born in 1745; took part in the fight with the British soldiery at Concord bridge, April 19, 1775, and was killed by the first volley. DAVIS, JEFFERSON Davis, JEFFERSON, statesman; born in was a continuous ovation. He made Christian county, Ky., June 3, 1808; twenty-five speeches on the way. Memgraduated at West Point in 1828; served bers of the convention and the authorities as lieutenant in the BLACK HAWK WAR of Montgomery met him eight miles from (q. v.) in 1831-32, and resigned in 1835 the city. He arrived at the Alabama to become a cotton-planter in Mississippi. capital at eight o'clock at night. CanHe was a member of Congress in 1845-46, non thundered a welcome, and the shouts and served as colonel of a Mississippi regi- of a multitude greeted him. Formally rement in the war with Mexico. He was ceived at the railway station, he made a United States Senator from 1847 to 1851, speech, in which he briefly reviewed the and from 1857 to 1861. He was called to position of the South, and said the time the cabinet of President Pierce as Secre- for compromises had passed. "We are tary of War in 1853, and remained four now determined," he said, "to maintain years. He resigned his seat in the Senate our position, and make all who oppose us in January, 1861, and was chosen pro- smell Southern powder and feel Southern visional President of the Southern Con- steel. . . . We will maintain our rights federacy in February. In November, 1861, and our government at all hazards. he was elected permanent President for six We ask nothing-we want nothing-and years. Early in April, 1865, he and his we will have no complications. If the associates in the government fled from other States join our Confederacy, they Richmond, first to Danville, Va., and then can freely come in on our terms. Our towards the Gulf of Mexico. He was ar- separation from the Union is complete, rested in Georgia, taken to Fort Monroe, and no compromise, no reconstruction, and confined on a charge of treason for can now be entertained." The inaugural about two years, when he was released on ceremonies took place at noon, Feb. 18, on bail, Horace Greeley's name heading the a platform erected in front of the portico list of bondsmen for $100,000. He was of the State-house. Davis and the Vicenever tried. He published The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (1881). He died in New Orleans, La., Dec. 6, 1889. President elect, ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS (q. v.), with Rev. Dr. Marly, rode in an open barouche from the Exchange Hotel to the capitol, followed by a multiMr. Davis was at his home, not far tude of State officials and citizens. The from Vicksburg, when apprised of his oath of office was administered to Davis election as President of the Confederacy by Howell Cobb, president of the Conformed at Montgomery, February, 1861. gress, at the close of his inaugural adHe hastened to that city, and his journey dress. In the evening President Davis held a levee at Estelle Hall, and the city was for troops, President Davis issued a proclabrilliantly lighted up by bonfires and mation, in the preamble of which he said illuminations. President Davis chose for the President of the United States had his constitutional advisers a cabinet com- "announced the intention of invading the prising Robert Toombs, of Georgia, Sec- Confederacy with an armed force for the retary of State; Charles G. Memminger, purpose of capturing its fortresses, and of South Carolina, Secretary of the thereby subverting its independence, and Treasury; Le Roy Pope Walker, of Ala- subjecting the free people thereof to the bama, Secretary of War; Stephen R. dominion of a foreign power." He said Mallory, of Florida, Secretary of the it was the duty of his government to reNavy, and John H. Reagan, of Texas, pel this threatened invasion, and "defend Postmaster-General. Afterwards, Judah the rights and liberties of the people by P. Benjamin was made Attorney-General. all the means which the laws of nations Two days after President Lincoln's call and usages of civilized warfare placed at 66 its disposal." He invited the people of the Confederacy to engage in privateering, and he exhorted those who had "felt the wrongs of the past" from those whose enmity was more implacable, because unprovoked," to exert themselves in preserving order and maintaining the authority of the Confederate laws. This proclamation was met by President Lincoln by a public notice that he should immediately order a blockade of all the Southern ports claimed as belonging to the Confederacy; and also that if any person, under the pretended authority of such States, or under any other pretence, should molest a vessel of the United States, or the person or cargo on board of her, such person would be held amenable to the laws of the United States for the prevention and punishment of piracy. With this opposing proclamation the great Civil War was actively begun. In April, 1865, Mr. Davis's wife and children, and his wife's sister, had accompanied him from Danville to Washington, Ga., where, for prudential reasons, the father separated from the others. He soon learned that some Confederate soldiers, believing that the treas family and property, riding rapidly 18 miles. They were near Irwinsville, south of Macon, Ga. The tents were pitched at night, and the wearied ones retired to rest, intending to resume their flight in the morning. General Wilson, at Macon, hearing of Davis's flight towards the Gulf, had sent out Michigan and Wisconsin cavalry, whose vigilance was quickened by the offered reward of $100,000 for the arrest of the fugitive. Simultaneously, from opposite points, these two parties approached the camp of Davis and his little party just at dawn, May 11, 1865. Mistaking each other for foes, they exchanged shots with such precision that two men were killed and several wounded before the error was discovered. sleepers were aroused. The camp was surrounded, and Davis, while attempting to escape in disguise, was captured and conveyed to General Wilson's headquarters. Davis had slept in a wrapper, and when aroused hastily pulled on his boots and went to the tent-door. He observed the National cavalry. "Then you are captured?" exclaimed his wife. In an instant she fastened the wrapper around him before he was aware, and The then, bidding him adieu, urged him to go to a spring near by, where his horse and arms were. He complied, and as he was leaving the tentdoor, followed by a servant with a water bucket, his sister-in-law flung a shawl over his head. It was in this disguise that he was captured. Such is the story as told by C. E. L. Stuart, of Davis's staff. The Confederate President was taken to Fort Monroe by way of Savannah and the sea. Reagan, who was captured with Davis, and Alexander H. Stephens were sent to Fort Warren, in Boston Harbor. JEFFERSON DAVIS'S HOME IN RICHMOND. ure that was carried away from Rich mond was with Mrs. Davis, had formed a plot to seize all her trunks in search of it. He hastened to the rescue of his |