Martin Luther, Volume 1This first volume in Martin Brecht's three-volume biography recounts Luther's youth and young adulthood up to the period of the Diet of Worms. Brecht, in a clear, eloquent translation by James Schaaf, discusses Luther's education at the University of Erfurt, his monastic life, his canonical trial in 1519, the Leipzig debate, and his earliest contributions to the beginning of the Reformation. Illustrations enrich the text. |
Contents
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| 3 | |
| 6 | |
| 9 | |
| 12 | |
6 MAGDEBURG | 15 |
7 EISENACH | 17 |
Study at the University of Erfurt | 23 |
3 LUTHERS ACADEMIC AND THEOLOGICAL ACTIVITY 151821 | 286 |
The Leipzig Debate and Its Consequences | 299 |
2 THE COURSE OF THE DEBATE | 309 |
3 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE LEIPZIG DEBATE | 322 |
Initial Voices | 323 |
Melanchthons Report | 324 |
Luthers Explanation of the Leipzig Theses | 325 |
Ecks Denunciation to Frederick the Wise | 326 |
2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ERFURT | 27 |
3 BEGINNING OF STUDIES LIFE AND STUDIES IN THE BURSA | 29 |
4 THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY | 32 |
5 ERFURT HUMANISM AND LUTHER | 38 |
6 THE EPISODE OF STUDYING LAW | 44 |
7 THE CRISIS | 46 |
First Period in the Monastery | 51 |
2 THE MONASTERY OF THE AUGUSTINIAN HERMITS IN ERFURT | 55 |
3 ADMISSION NOVITIATE AND PROFESSION | 58 |
4 LIFE AS A MONK | 63 |
5 THE MASS AND THE PRIEST | 70 |
6 THE ANFECHTUNGENTHE JUDGING CHRIST AND DOUBT ABOUT ELECTION | 76 |
7 THE BIBLE | 82 |
8 THE STUDY OF THEOLOGY | 90 |
9 JOURNEY TO ROME AND FINAL TRANSFER TO WITTENBERG | 98 |
The Scene of Luthers Real Activity Wittenbergthe City and University in Electoral Saxony | 107 |
His Initial Stages and Critical Definitions in Theology and Piety 151217 | 125 |
2 THE FIRST LECTURES AND THEIR THEOLOGY OF HUMILITY | 128 |
3 CONFIRMATION THROUGH MYSTICISM | 137 |
4 THE CHURCH AND MONASTICISM IN THE EARLY LECTURES | 144 |
5 LUTHER BECOMES A PREACHER | 150 |
6 LUTHER AS A MONK AND DISTRICT VICAR OF HIS ORDER | 155 |
7 FIRST STEPS INTO ACADEMIC NOTICE SEPARATION FROM HUMANISM DECLARATION OF WAR ON SCHOLASTIC THEOLOGY | 161 |
The Twofold Turning Point The Attack on Indulgences and the Reformatory Discovery Fall 1517Summer 1518 | 175 |
1 THE CAUSES OF THE INDULGENCE CONTROVERSY | 176 |
2 LUTHERS OPINION ABOUT INDULGENCES BEFORE THE OUTBREAK OF THE ACTUAL CONFLICT | 183 |
THE LETTERS TO THE BISHOPS AND THE NINETYFIVE THESES | 190 |
4 REACTIONS TO LUTHERS ATTACK ON INDULGENCES AND THE EFFECT OF THE THESES | 202 |
5 THE INNER TURNING POINTTHE REFORMATORY DISCOVERY | 221 |
The First Phases of Luthers Canonical Trial to the Summer of 1519 | 239 |
1 THE BEGINNING OF THE TRIAL IN SUMMER 1518 | 240 |
2 THE HEARING BEFORE CAJETAN IN AUGSBURG | 246 |
3 THE MISSION OF THE PAPAL CHAMBERLAIN KARL VON MILTITZ | 265 |
Reform of University and Scholarship in League with Humanism | 275 |
2 THE FIRST RESPONSE OF THE HUMANISTS TO THE WITTENBERGERS | 282 |
The Controversy with the Franciscans in Juterbog and Its Consequences | 327 |
The Exchange of Letters with Dungersheim | 330 |
Luther and the Bohemians | 331 |
The Argument with Emser | 332 |
Oecolampadius and Spengler Support Luther | 335 |
Staupitz | 336 |
The Nonappearance of the Verdict from Erfurt and Paris | 337 |
The Condemnation by Louvain and Cologne | 338 |
New Initiatives by Miltitz | 341 |
The Controversy with Alfeld Over the Papacy | 343 |
Eck in Rome | 348 |
The Reformatory Program | 349 |
I INITIAL NEW FORMULATIONS OF PIETY | 351 |
2 INITIAL COMMENTS ON PRACTICAL QUESTIONS OF LIFE | 355 |
3 THE FIRST FORM OF THE NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE SACRAMENTS | 358 |
4 THE NEW ETHICS | 365 |
5 TO THE CHRISTIAN NOBILITY OF THE GERMAN NATION CONCERNING THE REFORM OF THE CHRISTIAN ESTATE | 369 |
6 A PRELUDE ON THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY OF THE CHURCHTHE FINAL FORMULATION OF THE REFORMATION UNDERSTANDI... | 380 |
7 THE PROBLEM OF REALIZING THE REFORMATORY PROGRAM | 385 |
The Excommunication | 389 |
2 LUTHER AND FREDERICK THE WISE AWAITING THE BULL | 397 |
3 ECKS PROCLAMATION OF THE BULL AND THE ENSUING REACTIONS | 400 |
4 INITIAL STRUGGLES SURROUNDING THE EMPERORS ATTITUDE TOWARD LUTHERS CAUSE | 415 |
5 LUTHERS BURNING OF THE PAPAL LAW AND THE BULL1 | 423 |
6 LUTHER UNDER EXCOMMUNICATION | 426 |
Luther and the Diet of Worms of 1521 | 433 |
2 THE JOURNEY TO WORMS | 448 |
3 BEFORE EMPEROR AND EMPIRE | 452 |
4 THE NEGOTIATIONS OF THE IMPERIAL ESTATES COMMISSION WITH LUTHER | 464 |
5 RETURN JOURNEY AND CAPTURE THE EDICT OF WORMS | 470 |
Abbreviations | 477 |
Notes | 479 |
| 541 | |
Common terms and phrases
according accused Aleander already Anfechtungen appeared archbishop archbishop of Trier Augsburg Augustine Augustinian Hermits authority believed Bible bishop bull Cajetan canon canon law Christ Christian church fathers concerned condemned confession considered council critical debate demanded Diet of Worms disputation doctrine Duke George ecclesiastical Eck's Eisenach elector emperor Emser Erasmus Erfurt excommunication faith Frederick the Wise German Geschichte Glapion God's gospel grace Hans Luther heresy heretic human humanists imperial indulgence controversy Johann Johann von Staupitz Karlstadt later Leipzig letter lines Luther affair Magdeburg Mainz Mansfeld Martin Luther mass Melanchthon Miltitz monastery monastic monks one's opponents papacy papal piety pious pope prayer preacher preaching priest Psalms punishment question recant reform repentance righteousness Rome sacrament saints salvation Saxon Scheurl scholastic scholasticism Scriptures sermon sins Spalatin statements Staupitz teaching Tentzel-Cyprian Tetzel theologians theology things tion Trutfetter understanding Usingen Wittenberg Word Worms writing