with particular regard to the boat harbor improvements for the city of Cordova.

Some time back my business associate, Mr. George Silides, from Fairbanks, and I, caused to be prepared a preliminary plan for improvement of the Cordova boat harbor. It was then submitted to the city of Cordova and was met with considerable enthusiasm.

The reason for the enthusiasm is the very crowded nature of the boat harbor that they now have. Cordova is experiencing the beginning of a boom period similar to Kodiak. They are beginning to move into the fishery that without their efforts and without their fishing operations would be taken over by foreign nations.

The economic conditions are present for a substantial growth in Cordova's fishing operations. It is now beginning to become a yearround fishery. The boat harbor simply stated is full.

The plan shows a proposed development. Our problem as always with a small town is where does the money come from to make such a major improvement, even in stages? We believe that to do this properly we need the cooperation of the city and the State and the Federal Government and to that end we would urge that the authority for the Corps of Engineers to perform certain dredging within the boat harbor areas and to perform certain other services in connection with this boat harbor improvement be increased.

We find that certain of their authorities have been severely restricted in recent years and we are anxious to see them given authority to do more work in connection with boat harbors of this type.

I don't believe that to go into technical details would be very helpful except to say that the plan you see before you would take many years to realize and that the first increment would probably be all that would be needed immediately.

Senator GRAVEL. Could the breakwater that you presently have there be moved?

Mr. GALLIETT. Yes; it is our plan to remove it and to utilize the materials in it wherever they are needed.

Senator GRAVEL. Is that riprap?

Mr. GALLIETT. Yes, sir, it is riprap. It is on a mat of limbs and small trees to prevent the riprap from settling into the fine-grained underlying deposit.

Senator GRAVEL. They built the mat underneath it and then put the riprap on top?

Mr. GALLIETT. That is my understanding from the Corps of Engineers plan that the riprap was set on the mat. I haven't seen any part of the mat. It is not visible, but that is my understanding.

Senator GRAVEL. So by turning it this way you could leave one segment undredged and you could keep adding segments as you are able to dredge?

Mr. GALLIETT. Yes, Mr. Chairman, we would just keep adding segments as we needed additional harbor space.

Senator GRAVEL. The fill would be used for the future development area where you put the dredge spoil?

Mr. GALLIETT. Yes; we would take the dredging and pump it in the holding areas for two reasons: First, it would build land upon which we could operate. Cordova is very short of level land, particularly adjacent to their boat harbor and marine activities.

In the second place, by pumping it into holding areas, we could avoid polluting the adjacent waters with a lot of fine material and silt. Senator GRAVEL. Very good; it is a very good plan.

Mr. GALLIETT. I believe that concludes my presentation for the city of Cordova. The basis of it is that we would like to see the Corps of Engineers given increased authority to assist in this type of work. Senator GRAVEL. Is this a study that could be initiated directly by the corps?

Lieutenant Colonel BAZILWICH. We have been in contact with the city of Cordova. They asked for assistance. We have gone back to them for additional information on what they wanted. Of course, this provides us with some of this information.

The basic problem here again is the dredging of the inside of the harbor which we will not be permitted to do under our normal present concept of harbor development.

Senator GRAVEL. You could put in a breakwater, though?

Lieutenant Colonel BAZILWICH. Yes, sir, if the economic justification is there we do.

We are looking at it right now under section 107.

Senator GRAVEL. Thank you.

Do you have one of these maps?

Lieutenant Colonel BAZILWICII. No, sir.

Senator GRAVEL. Do you have one you can give to the corps?

Mr. GALLIETT. Yes, Mr. Chairman, I have come equipped with several copies.

Lieutenant Colonel BAZILWICH. We have not officially started a reconnaissance study. We can use this information.

Senator GRAVEL. Thank you. Do you now want to put on your Whittier hat?

Mr. GALLIETT. Yes; with your permission, I would like to submit another plan.

State Senator Silides and I have for some years been studying boat harbor needs. This is our business, our profession, and the plan that you see before you dealing with a boat harbor at Whittier is a private effort and, in this case, we must appear as private citizens.

The city of Anchorage is growing at a very rapid rate. With it the demand for recreational-primarily-boating berths is growing very fast. Like everything else in this area, we expect to see an even higher rate of increase of demand for recreational spaces.

The boat harbor at Whittier was only recently completed. It is not only full; it is oversubscribed by several times already. There are people that would very much like to put their boats in the water at Whittier and keep them in the water that cannot do so.

We have examined several possibilities for improving the boat harbor situation at Whittier, which opens a vast recreational area to the people of Anchorage and central Alaska, and the country.

There are basically two possibilities, both of which have disadvantages. One is at Shotgun Cove which by road, if there were a road, would be about 7 miles from Whittier. This road is likely to be objected to by environmental groups, because of its appearance, because there are other alternatives available that would do less damage to the area.

The other alternative is another boat basin at Whittier. We have shown one concept for that extra boat basin, that additional boat basin.

The site is not ideal; it requires extensive dredging. Even though several modifications could be made to that boat harbor to decrease its cost, it still will be expensive, it still will be in an area of extremely strong winds.

Again, the problem is we need increased authority in the Corps of Engineers to assist with these projects. Our experience has been that, despite the willingness of the corps to help in any way, they have very strict legal limitations and it appears to us that in recent years these limitations have become more and more restrictive and the need for boat harbors has increased.

This plan may or may not be adopted in part by the city of Whittier. It may or may not be viewed with favor by the State of Alaska. At present there is only one way to make a slight increase in the boat berths at Whittier, and that is to rearrange the boat harbor slightly and to add a few berths in the existing boat harbor.

This is not ideal, either. My presentation then, on needs for a boat harbor at Whittier and a possible way to meet these needs is complete, Mr. Senator.

Senator GRAVEL. Very good; thank you very, very much.

Again, we would like to have copies for the district and Washington offices of the corps and for the subcommittee.

Mr. GALLIETT. Yes, sir.

Senator GRAVEL. Let me just compliment you and your firm in which you are associated with Senator Silides. In every place that we have held hearings, your firm has been there with work which I think has been of very professional quality.

I thank you. I certainly think the work you are doing in the rural areas of Alaska is to be commended. Your testimony and your contribution to this hearing has been of the highest order, and I think this committee deeply appreciates it.

Mr. GALLIETT. There is one problem that I failed to mention that is a Federal problem in my opinion. The increase in boat harbor space at Whittier is also dependent upon obtaining the right to use certain railroad lands.

Whittier is a very crowded port. We will need the cooperation of the railroad to do anything and improve the boat harbor situation. Senator GRAVEL. In my meetings with the railroad officials I will take that matter up, also.

Mr. GALLIETT. Thank you, Mr. Senator.

Senator GRAVEL. We have quite a delegation from Kodiak. Let me say before calling them up that it had been my hope to go to Kodiak rather than putting witnesses to the trouble and expense of coming here. We would have scheduled it in that way except for limitations placed on us by the military support that we were receiving.

I am very grateful that so many of you could come here and I am sure that, judging by the makeup of the delegation we are going to receive quite persuasive testimony.

Senator Poland, would you come forward and introduce the delegation and then make the Kodiak presentation in whatever way you feel will best serve the city's cause?

92807331

STATEMENT OF STATE SENATOR KAY POLAND, KODIAK

Mrs. POLAND. Thank you, Senator Gravel. I am only going to speak in generalities for a few minutes and then we will introduce the delegation.

As you know, Kodiak has the largest fishing fleet in the State of Alaska. It has been growing by leaps and bounds. With the food shortage we feel it is imperative that our fleet is able to grow. Right now we have a costly, inefficient, and dangerous situation in Kodiak.

Each member of the delegation has worked up his specialty as to the problems over there and I am going to let them carry on from here. I believe we will start with Mr. Sig Jaeger, who is the fisheries director for the Kodiak Community College.

Senator GRAVEL. Thank you, Senator.

If anybody will get a project out of these hearings, I think the Kodiak people get "A" for effort.

Mr. Jaeger.

STATEMENT OF SIG JAEGER, DIRECTOR, FISHERIES TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM, KODIAK COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Mr. JAEGER. My name is Sig Jaeger and I am director of the fisheries technology program at Kodiak Community College, Box 946, Kodiak, Alaska.

Hon. Senator Mike Gravel, distinguished members of the committee, thank you for the privilege of appearing here today on behalf of Kodiak's needs relative to the proposed boat harbor, and it consequent effects on our fishing industry.

These effects are in terms of the Kodiak Borough, the service area which it directly serves in southwest Alaska, the major fisheries activity it contributes to the State as a whole, and the preeminent and vigorously growing role it has in the total repertoire of the U.S. domestic fishing industry.

It is a special privilege to accompany this hand-picked vigorous task group representing the key elements of our fishing industry and our community leaders. They represent great breadth of knowledege and depth of firsthand experience in our fishing industry.

Fishermen, processors, city management, all of those aspects of our industry are at hand here for a quick, responsible, and informed response to your questions.

At the present time of peak fishing and processing activity, their presence here is at some cost in the form of additional workload stresses at home. Additionally, our presentation here today was made possible through the cooperation and contributions of many others in Kodiak. So that there are some stresses involved in getting people here, but we managed to come.

The present inadequate small boat harbor imposes extra costs on the vessel operator, the processor, and the city. Damage to vessels, delays in unloading and loading, damage to overloaded and weather-exposed floats are some extra costs to be noted here today.

The present harbor situation is critical, and with the anticipated increase of vessels and fishing activity next year, it will approach the desperate. This will increasingly, as it does now, impose extra costs, and put a brake on growth through consequent inefficiencies.

In an area rich in existing and even greater fisheries potential, we have this added handicap of attempting to compete on our own fishing grounds with an overwhelming foreign fishing fleet for decreasing stocks of the sea's proteins.

Competition and growth is virtually the only tool left for the domestic fishing industry by itself; law-of-the-sea negotiations, national fisheries policy, develop at a crawling pace while these foreign fleets literally gulp the living resources into their freezers and meal factories. This bears repeating again and again.

I will submit four current exhibits, if I may, in regard to this: 1. A news release of July 25, 1973, reporting foreign fishing activities off Alaska, generally unrestricted.

2. A chart showing their area of operation.

3. And simultaneously the closure announcements on salmon and halibut, which we adhere to in order to perpetuate these fish stocks. 4. The prefatory page from the 1972 International Pacific Halibut Commission Report, describing in part how a fishery protected for 50 years can be decimated through lack of high seas controls. [The material referred to follows:]

[From the Kodiak Daily Mirror, July 25, 1973]

JUNE SUMMARY OF ... FOREIGN FISHING ACTIVITIES OFF ALASKA

A total of 653 individual vessels including 579 from Japan, 62 from the Soviet Union, and 12 from South Korea engaged in fisheries off of Alaska in June. That was an increase of 152 vessels from the previous month and 31 more vessels than in June 1972.

SOVIET ACTIVITIES

The 62 individual Soviet vessels included 19 stern trawlers, 37 medium trawlers, three factory ships, and three refrigerated transports. The number of Soviet vessels present simultaneously decreased from 54 to 30 in early June and remained at that level the rest of the month. That was about five vessels more than in June 1972. Sharp declines in the number of vessels off Alaska, as in the last few months occurred during the same periods in recent years. It is expected the Soviet fleet will level off at about 25 vessels for the remainder of the summer.

GROUNDFISH TRAWL FISHERY

The fishery for groundfish along the Continental Shelf edge in the Bering Sea fell sharply in early June when the fleet decreased from 48 to 20 vessels. The fleet was divided with 10 medium trawlers supported by one refrigerated transport fishing northwest of the Pribilof Islands in the central Bering Sea and eight medium trawlers supported by one refrigerated transport fishing in the eastern Bering Sea.

POLLOCK FISHERY

A minor pollock fishery continued on Albatross Bank off Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska. The fleet declined from five to two stern trawlers in mid-June.

OCEAN PERCH FISHERY

Fishing for ocean perch along the Aleutian Islands chain was begun in early June by one stern trawler. The fishery was centered in the Amukta-Seguam Pass area in the central Aleutians and by mid-month increased to four stern trawlers and four medium trawlers.

JAPANESE ACTIVITIES

The 579 Japanese vessels off Alaska included 43 stern trawlers, 111 medium trawlers, 332 salmon gill netters, 15 herring gill netters, 32 crab pot vessels, eight longliners, 18 factory ships, and 20 refrigerated transports. The number