improved. The kitchen furniture has been made on the premises; it is of galvanized iron and is neat, durable, sanitary, and altogether very desirable. The roof on the women's building has been repaired and thirty-two dormer windows added, thus making more wards in the building. Considerable concrete work has been done. Nearly every stairway from the wards to the grounds is of concrete, and thus fireproof. In our last report we urged the need for more land for this hospital, and the Legislature appropriated $40,000 for the purpose. With this a tract of 400 acres located about two miles northwest of the present location was purchased. Since, 120 acres more have been added, and paid for out of the contingent fund. This land is all fine agricultural land and offers a variety of soils. The buildings on this ranch have been repaired. The house has been remodeled, bathtubs and modern plumbing put in, and it will accommodate about thirty patients. Another building for a kitchen and dining-room has also been fitted up and is now in good condition. A windmill, tank house, and tank have also been constructed. A nine-wire anchor fence has been built around the whole and 65 acres leveled, checked, and ready for alfalfa. All these farm buildings, including two barns, have been painted.

The dairy herd now consists of but seventy-two cows. The crying demand at this hospital in years past has been more milk. It was impossible to increase the dairy herd until more land was secured. The dairy is already increased over two years ago. Eighty-five heifers have been raised and purchased and will soon be added to the milking herd. Before the end of this fiscal year it is expected that the milking herd will reach ninety cows. This new tract of land will, it is thought, support a herd of four hundred and fifty cattle. It is evident, then, that this hospital will soon receive the milk supply it demands.

The institution is now selling its swill. There is now room for a pig ranch, and it should be soon added. A poultry plant is also desirable. The new farm this year produced about 450 tons of hay, and muskmelons, watermelons, squashes, pumpkins, tomatoes, and beans in great quantities.

The present hospital site consists of 114 acres, located within the city of Stockton. It should be the aim of the State gradually to rebuild this hospital upon the new tract, following the cottage plan. The present site is being surrounded by city development and is now valuable for city lots. It will be better for all concerned to have the hospital farther from the city, and the price which can be realized from this will go far toward rebuilding on a better plan.

The old buildings are heated with stoves. This method is costly and unsatisfactory. The buildings should be provided with a central heating plant.

The State should do its share in the construction of sidewalks around this property. The grounds are in the city of Stockton, with residences

surrounding. On at least two sides of the property there should be good walks laid.

New cottages are necessary on the ranch to accommodate at least one hundred patients. These patients are needed here for their labor, and it is also better for them. The contingent fund has been and is now being used in the development of the farm.

The support fund is too low. The per capita cost is lower than it ought to be. The patients should be better provided for. It will also be necessary to make some additions to the salary roll, as at least four more attendants should be added to care for the patients removed to the farm.

2. NAPA STATE HOSPITAL FOR INSANE.

The number of patients in the Napa State Hospital July 1, 1906, was 1,550, an increase of 89 over two years ago. Of this number, 894 were men and 656 were women. There were in addition 43 patients on parole.

Since our last report many improvements have been made. Upon the new ranch was a dwelling-house which has been moved upon the main grounds and put in line with the other cottages, and will be occupied by one of the physicians. There has been a new two-story brick building erected for the steward's office and storeroom. This was a much-needed improvement, as previous arrangements were very inconvenient. Another brick building has been erected for the fire department, and the fire protection improved. A new plumbing system has been installed throughout the main building and most of the wards. The old bathtubs and closets have given place to modern sanitary appliances. The buildings have also been thoroughly renovated, new floors laid, walls and woodwork painted. In so far as this work has gone, and it is nearly completed, the buildings are in excellent condition.

A new gas plant has been erected, and oil instead of coal as fuel is used in both the gas plant and bake ovens. The gas is used for cooking. These changes are making a large monthly saving.

Rooms have been arranged for the treatment by hydrotherapy, and the results have been satisfactory.

The general water supply has, for some time, been inadequate, and on the wards generally, during the heat of the summer, water has of necessity been turned off. To solve this problem the last Legislature

appropriated $40,000 for the purchase of the necessary land to acquire a watershed and reservoir site and the erection of a dam thereon. This land of 138 acres has been purchased at a cost of $3,450, and the site cleared for the reservoir. The estimated capacity of the reservoir when completed is 150,000,000 gallons.

The farm on which the hospital is located was very poor land when purchased and has not improved with years. It became necessary, to meet the requirements of the hospital, to purchase some good farm land, and accordingly a tract of 500 acres of valley or delta land has been purchased for $35,000, and is being paid for out of the contingent fund. The Superintendent says that this farm is producing a revenue of $16,000 a year, besides additional pasture for stock. From this place also was obtained the residence previously noted and valued now at $7,000. The dairy now consists of 110 cows, and is entirely too small. Butter is made, but not enough to supply the needs of the hospital, and it is probable that more milk should be consumed.

A new and complete poultry plant has been in operation the last year and has produced nearly 8,000 dozen eggs, besides 621 chickens, 127 ducks, and 588 turkeys for the table.

The value of the total products for the past year, as reported by the steward, is $34,951.59.

The Legislature at its extra session appropriated $35,000 for a new cottage, and we understand this will be used for a cottage for the treatment of acute cases.

The plumbing, now far advanced, should be completed at an early date. The balance on the purchase price of this farm should be paid and the new reservoir completed. Such appropriation as may be necessary for these purposes should be provided.

3. AGNEWS STATE HOSPITAL FOR INSANE.

BOARD OF MANAGERS.

ISAAC UPHAM, President.

EDWARD WHITE

O. A. HALE.

DAVID RUTHERFORD.

J. K. WILSON.

San Francisco.
Watsonville.

San José.
San José.

San Francisco.

LEONARD STOCKING, M.D., Medical Superintendent.

The number of patients in the hospital June 30, 1906, was 790, of whom 494 were men and 296 were women, and 66 out on parole. Stockton Hospital was taking care for Agnews Hospital at the same time of 47 men and 44 women, and 1 on parole, making the total accredited to Agnews Hospital 541 men and 340 women, total 881, and 67 on parole, being a decrease in the number present over two years prévious of 145.

It is not necessary here to review the improvements which had been made at Agnews Hospital. On the night of April 17th last it was probably our best insane hospital. It consisted of a main building and four cottages, the newest one being considered one of the finest for the purpose in the country. The earthquake on the morning of April 18th destroyed all the hospital buildings, and one hundred and one patients and eleven officers were either killed or later died of injuries.

Tuesday morning, April 17th, the Sheriffs' Association and the Convention of County Supervisors were in session at San José, and two members and the Secretary of the State Board of Charities and Corrections were present at the meetings. When on the following morning rumors came into San José that the Agnews State Hospital had been badly damaged by the earthquake, it was possible for one of the members of the Board to immediately proceed to the hospital, which he reached before eight o'clock.

The situation there was appalling. The hospital consisted of several buildings; the main building, a large brick structure of four stories, containing the administration offices and residences of the officers in the center, wards for the patients in either wing, and the storerooms and kitchen in the rear. To the south of the main building were two cottages for male patients and to the north two for female patients. Every one of these buildings was in ruins. The central part of the main building was a heap of rubbish and the wings were totally wrecked. The cottages were standing, but damaged beyond hope of restoration.

and

In the ruins were many injured persons, how many no one knew, many dead. The main building was so wrecked as to endanger the lives of all who took part in the rescue work. Tottering walls, the wrecked roofs, and broken timbers threatened to fall at any moment, and it was apparent that another great shock would have completed the destruction of the building and buried the victims and rescuers together.

The injured required immediate care. The hospital and all the ordinary conveniences of such an institution were destroyed, and the best that could be done was to give the sufferers such treatment as was possible under the trees on the lawns. Several hundred patients, incapable of caring for themselves, and som› of whom would be a menace to others if at large, demanded the immediate attention of the staff. All needed food almost immediately.

The first assistant physician was at San Francisco; the second and third assistants, the supervisor, and the assistant matron were killed, and the matron was absent on vacation. All of the officers resided in the central part of the main building, which was completely ruined.

Upon the survivors of the staff, suffering from the nervous shock of their near approach to death, some of them but partly clothed, without

breakfast and deprived of every convenience usually afforded by the institution, devolved the duty of solving the perplexing problem thus briefly outlined.

The impression prevailed at that time that the earthquake had not seriously affected other parts of the State. Steps were at once taken to communicate with the Governor and telegrams were filed at Agnew, Milpitas, and Santa Clara, but the wires were dead at each place. Messages were also left at Milpitas to be forwarded by train, and Supervisor Mitchell of Alameda County, who was going by automobile to Oakland, was given a message to be forwarded from that point.

As early as eight o'clock many of the injured and dead had been taken from the ruins. Sheriff Ross of Santa Clara County had already taken steps to police the grounds, which was in itself a most difficult task, as it was almost impossible for one not connected with the institution to distinguish between the patients, the idle sightseers, and those who came to help. Several of the sheriffs who had been in San José were early on the scene and rendered valuable assistance. Among those who did especially effective work were Sheriff Trafton of Santa Cruz, Sheriff Buckner of Kings, and Sheriff Collins of Inyo.

By nine o'clock the Superintendent established headquarters under a tree on the lawn, and the relief work was rapidly systematized. Gangs of volunteers were organized to go through the buildings systematically. Each gang was headed by some capable person, among these being the sheriffs above mentioned and a Mr. Morphy, a contractor from San José. This was dangerous work, and every individual who took part in it is entitled to great credit. So thoroughly was it done that by noon it was certain that, except in part of one wing, no living person was in the ruins, and before dark the last living victim had been rescued. Volunteer physicians from San José were on hand, with the promptness characteristic of their profession, and gave aid to the injured almost as rapidly as they were taken from the ruins. Their assistance was of great value, on account of the crippled condition of the local staff. Without their aid there would have been great suffering among the injured. As the surgeons finished their work the patients were laid on mattresses on the ground under the trees and as rapidly as possible were transferred to bedsteads which were brought from the least damaged buildings. In this work many of the patients assisted, as did also students from Santa Clara College and other volunteers. The buildings were all so badly damaged that it seemed dangerous to enter them, and two rather heavy shocks that occurred during the day contributed to one's feeling of their insecurity.

Tents were brought out from San José by Sheriff Ross, and by eight o'clock in the evening every one of the injured, who numbered about 125, had received the first necessary surgical treatment and was in a