How ill this taper burns!
Ha! who comes here?

Cold drops of sweat hang on my trembling flesh;

My blood grows chilly, and I freeze with horror.

5. THE GUTTURAL is a deep under-tone, used to express hatred, contempt, and loathing. It occurs on the emphatic words; as,

Thou slave, thou wretch, thou coward!

Thou cold-blooded slave!

Thou wear a lion's hide?

Doff it, for shame, and hang

A calf-skin on those recreant limbs.

RATE.

1. RATE refers to movement, and is QUICK, MODERATE, or SLOW.

2. QUICK RATE is used to express joy, mirth, confusion, violent anger, and sudden fear; as,

Away! away! our fires stream bright

Along the frozen river,

And their arrōwy sparkles of brilliant light

On the forest branches quiver.

And there was mounting in hot haste,

The steed, the must'ring squadron, and the clatt'ring car Went pouring forward with impetuous speed,

And swiftly forming in the ranks of war.

3. MODERATE RATE is used in ordinary assertion, narration, and description; in cheerfulness, and the gentler forms of the emotions; as,

When the sun walks upon the blue sea-waters,
Smiling the shadows from yon purple hills,
We pace this shore,-I and my brother here,
Good Gerald. We arise with the shrill lark,
And both unbind our brows from sullen dreams;

And then doth my dear brother, who hath worn
His cheek all pallid with perpetual thought,
Enrich me with sweet words; and oft a smile
Will stray amidst his lessons, as he marks
New wonder paint my cheek, or fondly reads,
Upon the burning page of my black eyes,
The truth reflected which he casts on me.

4. SoW RATE is used to express grandeur, vastness, pathos, solemnity, adoration, horror, and consternation; as,

O thou Eternal One! whose presence bright

All space doth occupy, all motion guide;
Unchanged through time's all-devastating flight:
Thou only God! There is no God beside!

The curfew tolls the knell of parting day;
The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea;
The plowman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

EXERCISE ON RATE.

Select a sentence, and deliver it as slow as may be possible, without drawling. Repeat the sentence with a slight increase of rate, until you shall have reached a rapidity of utterance at which distinct articulation ceases. Having done this, reverse the process, repeating slower and slower. This exercise will enable pupils to acquire the ability to increase and diminish rate at pleasure, which is one of the most important elements of good reading and speaking.

SECTION VII.-PAUSES.

PAUSES are suspensions of the voice in reading and speaking, used to mark expectation and uncertainty, and to give effect to expression. They are often more eloquent than words.

Pauses differ greatly in their frequency and their length, according to the nature of the subject. In lively conversation, and rapid argument, they are comparatively few and short. In serious, dignified, and pathetic speaking, they are far more numerous and more prolonged.

The pause is marked thus in the following illustrations and exercises.

RULES FOR THE USE OF PAUSES.

1. A pause is required after a compound nominative in all cases; and after a nominative consisting of a single word, when it is either emphatic, or is the leading subject of discourse; as,

Joy and sorrow move him not. No country can appropriate him.

No people can claim him.

2. A pause is required after words which are in apposition with, or opposition to, each other; as,

Solomon the son of David was king of Israel. False delicacy is affectation not politeness.

3. A pause is required after but, hence, and other words denoting a marked transition, when they stand at the beginning of a sentence; as,

But it was reserved for Arnold to blend all these bad qualities into one. Hence Solomon calls the fear of the Lord the beginning of wisdom.

4. A pause is required before that, when a conjunction or relative, and the relatives who, which, what; together with when, whence, and other adverbs of time and place, which involve the idea of a relative; as,

He went to school that he might become wise. This is the inan that loves me. We were present when La Fayette embarked at Havre for New York.

5. A pause is required before the infinitive mood, when governed by another verb, or when separated by

an intervening clause from the word which governs it; as,

He has gone to convey the news. He smote me with a rod to please my enemy.

6. In cases of ellipsis, a pause is required where one or more words are omitted; as,

So goes the world; if

that

brother.

wealthy, you may call this friend,

7. Pauses are used to set off qualifying clauses by themselves; to separate qualifying terms from each other, when a number of them refer to the same word; and when an adjective follows its noun; as,

The rivulet sends forth glad sounds, and tripping o'er its bed of pebbly sands, or leaping down the rocks seems with continuous laughter to rejoice in its own being. He had a mind deep activewell stored with knowledge.

These rules, though important, if properly applied, are by no means complete; nor can any be invented which shall meet all the cases that arise in the complicated relations of thought. A good reader or speaker pauses, on an average, at every fifth or sixth word, and in many cases much more frequently. His only guide, in many instances, is a discriminating taste in grouping ideas, and separating by pauses those which are less intimately allied. In doing this, he will often use what may be called

SUSPENSIVE QUANTITY.

SUSPENSIVE QUANTITY means prolonging the end of a word, without actually pausing after it; and thus suspending, without wholly interrupting the progress of sound.

The prolongation on the last syllable of a word, or Suspensive Quantity, is indicated thus, in the following examples. It is used chiefly for three purposes:

1st. To prevent too frequent a recurrence of pauses; as,

Her lover sinks-she sheds no ill-timed tear;
Her chief is slain-she fills his fatal post;
Her fellows flee-she checks their base career;
The foe retires-she heads the rallying host.

2d. To produce a slighter disjunction than would be nade by a pause; and thus at once to separate and unite; as,

Would you kill your friend and benefactor? Would you practice hypocrisy and smile in his face, while your conspiracy is ripening?

3d. To break up the current of sound into small portions, which can be easily managed by the speaker, without the abruptness which would result from pausing wherever this relief was needed; and to give ease in speaking; as,

That lame man, by the field tent, is untainted with the crime of blood, and free from any stain of treason.

RULE.

Whenever a preposition is followed by as many as three or four words which depend upon it, the word preceding the preposition will either have suspensive quantity, or else a pause; as,

He is the pride of the whole country.

Most of the rules given above, and especially those respecting the emphatic nominative and contrasted words, are illustrated by the following

EXERCISE.

1. It matters very little what immediate spot ◄ may have been the birth-place of such a man as Washington. No people can claim no country can appropriate him. The