144. Feelings excited by a Long Voyage-concluded.... 146. Crime its own Detecter.... 151. The History of Prince Arthur.. 157. Character of Henry Clay.. 159. The Wreck of the Arctic.. .Isaac McLellan, Jr. 52 L. Elizabeth Maclean. 68 George P. Morris. 69 James Hogg. 100 47. True Freedom, and How to Gain it. 56. Love of Country and of Home.. 58. Woodman, spare that Tree.. 82. A Parental Ode to my Infant Son .Eliza Cook. 112 .R. M. Milne. 117 T. Buchanan Read. 120 ..Charles Mackay. 128 PAGA 164. The Pure in Heart shall Meet Again 172. The Flight of Years-concluded. 178. The Wonderful "One-Hoss-Shay." 181. A Poet's Parting Thought.. 150. From the Tragedy of King John-concluded. 350 168. A Sister Pleading for a Condemned Brother .... Shakspeare. 387 177. Scenes from the Comedy of "Money.".. Edward Bulwer Lytton. 407 .Colman. 413 THE NATIONAL FOURTH READER. PART I. ELOCUTION. ELOCUTION is the delivery of extemporaneous or written composition. Its more general divisions are ARTICULATION, SYLLABICATION, ACCENT, EMPHASIS, INFLECTION, MODULATION, and PAUSES. SECTION I.-ARTICULATION. DEFINITIONS. 1. ARTICULATION is the distinct utterance of the Oral Elements, in syllables and words. 2. ORAL ELEMENTS are the sounds that, uttered separately or in combination, form syllables and words. 3. ELEMENTS ARE PRODUCED by different positions of the organs of speech, in connection with the voice and the breath. 4. THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF SPEECH are the lips, teeth, tongue, and palate. 5. VOICE IS PRODUCED by the action of the breath upon the larynx.1 6. ELEMENTS ARE DIVIDED into three classes: eighteen Tonics, fifteen Subtonics, and ten Atonics. 7. TONICS are pure tones produced by the voice, with but slight use of the organs of speech. 8. SUBTONICS are tones produced by the voice, modified by the organs of speech. 'The larynx is the upper part of the trachea, or windpipe. 9. ATONICS are mere breathings, modified by the or gans of speech. 10. VOWELS are the letters that usually represent the Tonic elements, and form syllables by themselves. They are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y. 11. A DIPHTHONG is the union of two vowels in one syllable; as, oi in oil, ou in our. 12. A DIGRAPH, or improper diphthong, is the union of two vowels in a syllable, one of which is silent; as, oa in loaf. 13. A TRIPHTHONG is the union of three vowels in one syllable; as, eau in beau, ieu in adieu. 14. CONSONANTS are the letters that usually represent either Subtonic or Atonic elements. They are of two kinds, single letters and combined, viz.: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z; fh Subtonic, th Atonic, ch, sh, wh, ng. The term Consonant, literally meaning sounding with, is applied to these letters and combinations, because they are rarely used in words without aving a vowel connected with them in the same syllable, although eir elements may be uttered separately, and without the aid of a vowel. 15. COGNATES are letters whose elements are produced by the same organs, in a similar manner: thus, ƒ is a cognate of v; k of g, &e. 16. ALPHABETIC EQUIVALENTS are letters, or combinations of letters, that represent the same elements, or sounds; thus, i is an equivalent of e, in pique. 'First require the pupils to utter an element by itself, then to pronounce distinctly the words that follow, uttering the element after each word thus: age, à; åte, à: åt, å; lånd, å, &c. Exercise the class upon |