from cer Exclusion 2. No senator or representative shall, during the time for tain offices which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. Revenue bills. dent. eration. SECTION 7. 1. All bills, for raising revenue, shall originate in the house of representatives; but the senate may propose, or concur with, amendments as on other bills. Manner of 2. Every bill, which shall have passed the house of reprepassing bills. sentatives and the senate, shall, before it become a law, be Approval presented to the president of the United States; if he approve, by presi- he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections, at large, on their journal, and Reconsid- proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, twothirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all cases the ⚫ votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. His omis- If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. sion to return it. Concur rent or 3. Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence ders, reso- of the senate and house of representatives may be necessary lutions, General powers of (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the president of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the senate and house of representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 6 Op., 680. SECTION 8. The congress shall have power: 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to Taxation. pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States. Loans. Commerce. 5 Wh., 317; 9 Wh., 199. 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. 2 Pet., 449. 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes. 9 Wh., 1; 12 Wh., 419; 2 Pet., 250; 11 Pet., 102; 12 Pet., 72; 5 How., 469; zation. cies. 4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization; and uni- Naturaliform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the BankruptUnited States. 2 Dal., 372; 3 Wash., 314; 2 Wh., 259; 4 Wh., 122, 209; 6 Wh., 131; Weights and meas 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of for- Coin. eign coin; and fix the standard of weights and measures. 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the res securities and current coin of the United States. 2 Law R., 90; 5 How., 410; 9 How., 560. 7. To establish post-offices and post-roads. 18 How., 421; 3 McL., 393. Counterfeiting. Post-offces and roads. and copy rights. 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by Patent securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. 6 Pet., 218; 8 Pet., 591; 1 How., 201; 6 How., 486; 15 How., 212; 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court. 1 Pet., 546. Courts. 10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed Piracies, on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations. 5 Wh., 153. &c. 11. To declare war; grant letters of marque and reprisal, war. and make rules concerning captures on land and water. 8 Cr., 110. 12. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of Army. money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years. 13. To provide and maintain a navy. Navy. 14. To make rules for the government and regulation of Articles of the land and naval forces. war. 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the Militia. laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions. 12 Wh., 19. 16. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the organiz militia, and for governing such part of them as may be em- ing militia ployed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia, according to the discipline prescribed by congress. 5 Wh., 1; 19 J. R., 7. 17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever Exclusive legislation Laws for carrying over such district (not exceeding ten square miles) as may, by cession of particular states and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of government of the United States; and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state, in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards and other needful buildings; and 5 Wh., 317; 6 Wh., 264; 6 Op., 577; 7 Op., 628; 17 J. R., 225. 18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper out vested for carrying into execution the foregoing powers; and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States or in any department or officer thereof. powers. Slave trade. Habeas corpus. Attainder and ex post facto law. Direct taxes. State exports. Port entries. Receipts and expenditures Titles and presents prohibited Powers for bidden to 4 Wh., 316. SECTION. 9. 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 5 Wh., 338; 9 Wh., 381, 391; 10 Wh., 67; 12 Wh., 460; 1 Wash., 95, 499, 522; 2 Sum., 240; 3 Pet., 65; 11 Pet., 73; 14 Pet., 464; 14 Pet., 518. 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 3 Dal., 390; 6 Cr., 138; 8 Pet., 110; 17 How., 463; 2 Gall., 138; 2 Wash., 366; Pet. C. C., 323. 4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 3 Dal., 171; 5 Wh., 320. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 12 How., 313; 18 How., 421. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. SECTION 10. 1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederthe states. ation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit ally. bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a ten-Individu- (Impairing the obligation of contracts.) U. S. COURTS.-6 Cr., 87, 136; 7 Cr., 174; 9 Cr., 43; 4 Wh., 122, 518; 5 NEW YORK.-3 J. Ca., 75; 7 J. C. R., 297; 7 J. R., 477; 16 J. R., 233; MAINE-2 Shep., 344; 6 Shep., 109; 25 Mai., 18; 26 Mai., 191; 34 Mai., NEW HAMPSHIRE.-4 Fost., 139; 11 N. H., 19; 35 N. H., 457. VERMONT.-11 Verm., 632; 13 Verm., 402, 525; 19 Verm., 86; 25 MASSACHUSETTS.-1 Mass, 198; 3 Mass., 88; 5 Mass., 509; 8 Mass., 430; 10 Mass., 337; 13 Mass., 16; Pick., 451; 8 Pick., 194; 12 Pick., NEW JERSEY.-1 Sou., 192; 2 Sou., 466; 4 Za., 385. PENNSYLVANIA.-6 S. & R., 322; 1 Raw., 181; 2 Wha., 395; 2 W. & S., MARYLAND.-4 G. & J., 1, 509; 7 G. & J., 7; 9 G. & J., 365; 10 G. & J., VIRGINIA-4 Gilm., 221; 9 Grat., 738. OHIO.-1 Ham., 236; 1 Oh., 591, 622; 2 Oh., 152; 5 Oh., 444; 7 Oh., ILLINOIS.-1 Bre., 16; 12 Il., 1; 14 II., 142; 17 Il., 344; 20 II., 209. 7 Mon., 11, 544, 588; 7 B. Mon., 162; 12 B. Mon., 144; 13 B. Mon., TENNESSEE.-Peck, 1; 2 Yer., 534; 9 Yer., 490; 4 Hum., 13; 7 Hum., INDIANA.—1 Blackf., 220; 6 Blackf., 373; 7 Ind., 59, 157, 470; 9 Ind, MICHIGAN.-1 Doug., 225; 2 Doug., 38, 197; 1 Man., 68. WISCONSIN.-1 Wis., 26; 4 Wis., 414. JOWA.-1 Mor., 27, 59, 70; 1 Io., 553; 2 Io., 94; 3 Io., 489. SOUTH CAROLINA.-2 Rich., 43; 3 R., 389; 10 R., 604. GEORGIA.-Cha., 175, 324; 2 Geo., 143; 4 Geo., 208; 7 Geo., 163; 9 Geo., 356. ALABAMA.-2 St., 30; 7 Port., 293; 1 Al., 312; 2 Al., 401; 9 Al., 713; 11 MISSISSIPPI.-4 How. M., 647; 3 S. & M., 661; 4 S. & M, 439; 6 S. & M., 599; 8 S. & M., 9; 9 S. & M., 310; 10 S. & M., 351; 12 S. & MISSOURI.-9 Mi., 389, 507; 13 Mi., 112; 23 Mi., 107; 24 Mi., 85, 377. FLORIDA.-4 Fl., 23; 5 Fl., 345. TEXAS.-1 Tex., 250, 598; 5 Tex., 349; 6 Tex., 347; 7 Tex., 348; 11 CALIFORNIA.-1 Cal., 55; 2 Cal., 361, 524; 4 Cal., 127; 5 Cal., 188; 7 Cal, ARKANSAS.-2 Eng., 150; 3 Eng., 236; 4 Eng., 205; 17 Ark., 518; 19 (Ex post facto laws.) 3 Dal., 386; 12 Wh., 377; 2 Pet., 380, 414, 492, 627, 681; 8 Pet., 88, 110; 11 Pet., 420; 3 How., 707; 1 Bald., 74; 2 Gall., 105, 139; 1 McL., 35; 2 McL., 195; 2 Pa., 74, 501. 7 J. R., 477; 18 J. R., 138; 3 Cow., 347; 8 Cow., 543; 9 Cow., 664; 7 B., 249; 15 N. Y., 451; 22 N. Y., 95; 2 Greenl., 28, 66, 275; 2 Fairf., 284; 6 Shep., 109; 10 Shep., 318, 553; 42 Mai., 429. 2 N. H., 102; 3 N. H., 473, 524; 4 N. H., 16, 572; 10 N. H., 380. 2 Verm., 174, 517; 3 Verm., 360; 4 Verm., 269; 13 Verm., 582; 1 Chip., 237; 1 Aik., 121. 4 Conn., 210; 6 Conn., 54, 190; 7 Conn., 350, 550, 558; 2 Root, 350; 4 Mass., 390; 8 Mass., 472; 9 Mass., 363; 11 Mass., 396; 16 Mass., 16, 36, 59, 76, 215; 2 Pick., 165, 172; 5 Pick., 65; 6 Pick., 501; 11 Pick., 28; 1 Gray, 152. 5 Rh. Is., 185, 497. 5 Binn., 355; 6 Binn., 271; 7 S. & R., 260; 10 S. & R., 97; 11 S. & R., 191; 12 S. & R., 330; 14 S. & R., 435; 15 S. & R., 72; 16 S. & R., 35, 169; 3 Wa., 294; 6 Wa., 449; 4 W. & S., 218, 401; 8 W. & S., 49; 23 Penn., 507; 31 Penn., 285. 1 Yer., 360; 2 Yer., 125, 260, 554, 599; 4 Yer., 202; 5 Yer., 320; 6 Yer., 119; 2 Swan, 35. Harp., 88. 5 Mon., 122, 133; 1 J. J. M., 563; Bibb, 62; 16 B. Mon., 15. 1 Blackf., 196, 220; 2 Blackf., 8; 7 Blackf., 474; 7 Ind., 316. 2 Ham., 65; 3 Ham., 553; 5 Oh., 225; 12 Oh., 364; 15 Oh., 408. 5 Hayw., 263; 3 Ran., 188; Grat., 632; 1 Const. R., 90; 3 Hill S. C., 96; 1 McM., 410; Walk., 258; 5 How., 285; 9 G. & J., 181; 12 Md., 195, 17 Geo., 568; 4 Tex., 470; 14 Tex., 402; 2 Dutch., 13; 3 Dutch, 185; 1 Jon., 9; 30 AL, 120; 4 Cal., 127; 13 La., 268; 17 Ark., 407. 2. No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any consent of imposts, or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the congress. No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war, in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. State pow ers, with congress. President. Vice-president. 14 Pet., 572; 1 McL., 185; 3 Op., 661. ARTICLE II. . 1. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and together with the vice-president, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: 6 Op., 603. |