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posed of in the course of the slave-trade; besides nearly 300 who had been taken up and lodged there as runaways. In 1834, there were at one time, thirteen incarcerated in this prison, who claimed that they were entitled to their freedom.

V. Slavery now exists in the territory of Florida, which is under the exclusive jurisdiction of congress.

VI. The inter-state slave-trade, which is productive of an enormous amount of misery and crime, might be regulated or abolished by congress; for the constitutional power to legislate on this subject is vested in that body.

VII. According to the constitution of the United States, northern men are pledged to put down servile insurrections at the South; their physical strength is pledged to support this system of oppression and cruelty, heathenism and robbery.

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VIII. Northern votes in congress have admitted seven new slave states into the Union since the constitution was adopted. In this northern men have enlarged "the place of the tent of slavery, stretched forth the curtains of her habitation, lengthened her cords and strengthened her stakes."

IX. Conformably to the constitution of the United States, the northern states deliver up the fugitive slave into the hands of his master. But this is not all; the colored man who is taken up on suspicion that he has no right to his own body, is denied a trial by a jury, and is thrown into northern prisons until his claimant is ready to return him into abject slavery. And furthermore, Pennsylvania and New Jersey have gratuitously passed laws to secure the slaveholder his unnatural but legal right to his slave for six months after he has voluntarily brought that slave under their jurisdiction. New York has been even more obsequious to southern convenience, and extended the term to nine months. Indeed, so exceedingly lax are the laws of the northern states with regard to colored persons, that they are constantly liable to be kidnapped. We know that they often are, the free as well as the bond, and that many a free citizen of color has been stolen and reduced to bondage, and sold on southern vendue tables.

X. Northern churches receive slaveholders to their communion tables, and slaveholding ministers into their pulpits, whilst at the same time they close their pulpits against anti-slavery ministers, who are pleading the cause of the dumb.

XI. Northern ministers go to the South and close their lips on the subject of slavery. They will not preach the truth to the people of their charge: many of them become slaveholders, and thus strengthen the hands of the oppressor by their examples.

XII. Northern men go to the South to make their fortunes, they frequently become slaveholders, and very often harder masters, than those who have been born and bred at the South.

XIII. Northern men are themselves slaveholders, and in the city of New York alone, the merchants hold mortgages on the southern plantations and slaves to the amount of $10,000,000. This fact was

ascertained last spring. And furthermore, a person interested in the Texas insurrection, told Judge Jay, that there were two merchants in New York, ready to engage in the African slave-trade, to supply that country with slaves under the specious name of indented apprentices, if it was wrested from Mexico. Look at the fact that the brig Latona of New York, which sailed for St. Thomas, last autumn, was afterwards sent to Cuba to be sold as a Guineaman. This vessel was the property of a New-York merchant.

XIV. Northern manufacturers, merchants, and consumers, are constantly lending their aid to support the system of slavery, by purchasing a large amount of the products of the unrequited labor of the slave.

XV. Northern prejudice against color is grinding the colored man to the dust in our free states, and this is strengthening the hands of the oppressor continually. When the slaveholders hear that the colored citizens of the North are not permitted to erect a college at New Haven; that their schools at Canterbury and Canaan are broken up; that they are continually subject to great inconveniences and great indignities in travelling from place to place, because the pride of northern aristocracy cannot bear a colored person at the same table, in the same boat cabin, in the same rail car with the whites, or to sit side by side with them even in the temples of God:-when they hear that a Presbyterian minister was, at the last anniversary of the alumni of Princeton college, actually kicked out of the chapel because he wore a darker skin than their own, thinkest thou they cannot discern in these things the very same spirit which leads them to degrade and brutalize their colored brethren at home?

We now feel prepared to present our correspondent with "the definite, practicable means by which Northerners can put an end to slavery in the South." Let them petition congress unceasingly to abolish slavery and the slave-trade in the District of Columbia, and let them vote for no senators and representatives who will not assert the right of their constituents to petition, and the duty of congress to receive and hear those petitions, and refer them to a committee for solemn consideration and judicious action. Let them protest against the use of the national prisons for the iniquitous purpose of confining slaves, and free people of color taken up on suspicion of being runaways.Let Northerners petition for the abolition of slavery in the territory of Florida, and the entire breaking up of the inter-state slave-trade. Let them respectfully ask for an alteration in that part of the constitution by which they are bound to assist the South in quelling servile insurrections. Let them see to it that they send no man to congress who would give his vote to the admission of another slave state into the national Union. Let them protest against the injustice and cruelty of delivering the fugitive slave back to his master, as being a direct infringement of the Divine command. Deut. xxiii, 15, 16. Let them petition their different legislatures to grant a jury trial to the friendless, helpless runaway, and for the repeal of those laws which secure to the slaveholder his legal right to his slave, after he has

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voluntarily brought him within the verge of their jurisdiction, and for the enactment of such laws as will protect the colored man, woman, and child, from the fangs of the kidnapper, who is constantly walking about in the northern states, seeking whom he may devour. Let the northern churches refuse to receive slaveholders at their communion tables, or to permit slaveholding ministers to enter their pulpits. Let those northern ministers who go to the South "Cry aloud and spare not, lift up their voices like a trumpet and show the people their transgressions, and the house of Jacob their sins ;"-let them refuse to countenance the system of slavery by owning slaves themselves. Let northern men who go to the South to make their fortunes, see to it, that those fortunes are not made out of the unrequited labor of the slave. Let northern merchants refuse to receive mortgages or take slaves, seeing that this is a virtual acknowledgment that man can hold man as property. Let them carefully avoid participating in any way in the African slave-trade. Let northern manufacturers refuse to purchase the cotton for the cultivation of which the laborer has received no wages. Let the grocer refuse to buy the sugar and rice of the South, so long as "the hire of the laborers who have reaped down their fields is kept back by fraud." Let the merchant refuse to receive the articles manufactured out of slave-grown cotton, and let the consumer refuse to purchase either the rice, sugar, or cotton articles, to produce which has cost the slave his unpaid labor, his tears, and his blood. Every Northerner may in this way bear a faithful testimony against slavery at the South, by withdrawing his pecuniary support.

DECLARATION OF THE ANTI-SLAVERY CONVENTION,

Assembled at Philadelphia, December 4, 1833.

The Convention, assembled in the city of Philadelphia, to organize a National Anti-Slavery Society, promptly seize the opportunity to promulgate the following DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS, as cherished by them in relation to the enslavement of one-sixth portion of the American people.

More than fifty-seven years have elapsed since a band of patriots convened in this place, to devise measures for the deliverance of this country from a foreign yoke. The corner stone upon which they founded the TEMPLE OF FREEDOM was broadly this" that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, LIBERTY, and the pursuit of happiness." At the sound of their trumpet-call, three millions of people rose up as from the sleep of death, and rushed to the strife of blood; deeming it more glorious to die instantly as freemen, than desirable to live one hour as slaves. They were few in number-poor in resources; but the honest conviction that TRUTH, JUSTICE, and RIGHT, were on their side, made them invincible.

We have met together for the achievement of an enterprise, without which, that of our fathers is incomplete; and which, for its magnitude, solemnity, and probable results upon the destiny of the world, as far transcends theirs, as moral truth does physical force.

In purity of motive, in earnestness of zeal, in decision of purpose, in intrepidity of action, in steadfastness of faith, in sincerity of spirit, we would not be inferior to them.

Their principles led them to wage war against their oppressors, and to spill `human blood like water, in order to be free. Ours forbid the doing of evil that good

may come, and lead us to reject, and to entreat the oppressed to reject, the use of all carnal weapons for deliverance from bondage; relying solely upon those which are spiritual, and mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds.

Their measures were physical resistance the marshalling in arms the hostile array-the mortal encounter. Ours shall be such only as the opposition of moral purity to moral corruption—the destruction of error by the potency of truth-the overthrow of prejudice by the power of love-and the abolition of slavery by the spirit of repentance.

Their grievances, great as they were, were trifling in comparison with the wrongs and sufferings of those for whom we plead. Our fathers were never slaves-never bought and sold like cattle-never shut out from the light of knowledge and religion -never subjected to the lash of brutal task-masters.

But those for whose emancipation we are striving, constituting at the present time at least one-sixth part of our countrymen,-are recognised by the law, and treated by their fellow beings, as marketable commodities, as goods and chattels, as brute beasts; are plundered daily of the fruits of their toil without redress; really enjoying no constitutional nor legal protection from licentious and murderous outrages upon their persons; are ruthlessly torn asunder-the tender babe from the arms of its frantic mother-the heart-broken wife from her weeping husband-at the caprice or pleasure of irresponsible tyrants. For the crime of having a dark complexion, they suffer the pangs of hunger, the infliction of stripes, and the ignominy of brutal servitude. They are kept in heathenish darkness by laws expressly enacted to make their instruction a criminal offence.

These are the prominent circumstances in the condition of more than two millions of our people, the proof of which may be found in thousands of indisputable facts, and in the laws of the slaveholding states.

Hence we maintain, that in view of the civil and religious privileges of this nation, the guilt of its oppression is unequalled by any other on the face of the earth; and, therefore,

That it is bound to repent instantly, to undo the heavy burden, to break every yoke, and to let the oppressed go free.

We further maintain,-that no man has a right to enslave or imbrute his brother -to hold or acknowledge him, for one moment, as a piece of merchandise-to keep back his hire by fraud-or to brutalize his mind by denying him the means of intellectual, social, and moral improvement.

The right to enjoy liberty is inalienable. To invade it, is to usurp the prerogative of Jehovah. Every man has a right to his own body-to the products of his own labor-to the protection of law, and to the common advantages of society. It is piracy to buy or steal a native African, and subject him to servitude. Surely the sin is as great to enslave an AMERICAN as an AFRICAN.

Therefore we believe and affirm-That there is no difference, in principle, between the African slave-trade and American slavery:

That every American citizen who retains a human being in involuntary bondage as his property, is [according to Scripture, Ex. xxi, 16,] a MAN STEALER:

That the slaves ought instantly to be set free, and brought under the protection of law:

That if they had lived from the time of Pharaoh down to the present period, and had been entailed through successive generations, their right to be free could never have been alienated, but their claims would have constantly risen in solemnity:

That all those laws which are now in force, admitting the right of slavery, are therefore before God utterly null and void; being an audacious usurpation of the Divine prerogative, a daring infringement on the law of nature, a base overthrow of the very foundations of the social compact, a complete extinction of all the relations, endearments, and obligations of mankind, and a presumptuous transgression of all the holy commandments-and that therefore they ought to be instantly abrogated. We further believe and affirm-That all persons of color who possess the qualifications which are demanded of others, ought to be admitted forthwith to the enjoyment of the same privileges, and the exercise of the same prerogatives, as others; and that the paths of preferment, of wealth, and of intelligence, should be opened as widely to them as to persons of a white complexion.

We maintain, that no compensation should be given to the planters emancipating their slaves,

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Because it would be a surrender of the great fundamental principle, that man cannot hold property in man;

Because SLAVERY IS A CRIME, AND THEREFORE IT IS NOT AN ARTICLE TO BE SOLD ;

Because the holders of slaves are not the just proprietors of what they claim; freeing the slaves is not depriving them of property, but restoring it to its right owners; it is not wronging the master, but righting the slave-restoring him to himself;

Because immediate and general emancipation would only destroy nominal, not real property it would not amputate a limb or break a bone of the slaves, but by infusing motives into their breasts, would make them doubly valuable to the masters as free laborers; and

Because, if compensation is to be given at all, it should be given to the outraged and guiltless slaves, and not to those who have plundered and abused them.

We regard as delusive, cruel, and dangerous, any scheme of expatriation which pretends to aid, either directly or indirectly, in the emancipation of the slaves, or to be a substitute for the immediate and total abolition of slavery.

We fully and unanimously recognise the sovereignty of each state, to legislate exclusively on the subject of the slavery which is tolerated within its limits; we concede that congress, under the present national compact, has no right to interfere with any of the slave states, in relation to this momentous subject:

But we maintain that Congress has a right, and is solemnly bound, to suppress the domestic slave-trade between the several states, and to abolish slavery in those portions of our territory which the Constitution has placed under its exclusive jurisdiction.

We also maintain that there are, at the present time, the highest obligations resting upon the people of the free states, to remove slavery by moral and political action, as prescribed in the Constitution of the United States. They are now living under a pledge of their tremendous physical force, to fasten the galling fetters of tyranny upon the limbs of millions in the southern states; they are liable to be called at any moment to suppress a general insurrection of the slaves; they authorize the slave owner to vote for three-fifths of his slaves as property, and thus enable him to perpetuate his oppression; they support a standing army at the South for its protection; and they seize the slave who has escaped into their territories, and send him back to be tortured by an enraged master or a brutal driver. This relation to slavery is criminal and full of danger: IT MUST BE BROKEN UP.

These are our views and principles-these, our designs and measures. With entire confidence in the overruling justice of God, we plant ourselves upon the Declaration of our Independence and the truths of divine revelation as upon the Everlasting Rock.

We shall organize Anti-Slavery Societies, if possible, in every city, town, and village, in our land.

We shall send forth agents to lift up the voice of remonstrance, of warning, of entreaty, and rebuke.

We shall circulate, unsparingly and extensively, anti-slavery tracts and periodicals. We shall enlist the pulpit and the press in the cause of the suffering and the dumb.

We shall aim at a purification of the Churches from all participation in the guilt of slavery.

We shall encourage the labor of freemen rather than that of slaves, by giving a preference to their productions; and

We shall spare no exertions nor means to bring the whole nation to speedy repentance.

Our trust for victory is solely in GOD. We may be personally defeated, but our principles never. TRUTH, JUSTICE, REASON, HUMANITY, must and will gloriously triumph. Already a host is coming up to the help of the Lord against the mighty, and the prospect before us is full of encouragement.

Submitting this DECLARATION to the candid examination of the people of this country, and of the friends of liberty throughout the world, we hereby affix our signatures to it; pledging ourselves that, under the guidance and by the help of Almighty God, we will do all that in us lies, consistently with this Declaration of our principles, to overthrow this most execrable system of slavery that has ever