In 1909 the United States produced more beer than Germany, the total for the United States being 1,872,968,245 gallons and that for Germany 1,814,751,335 gallons. VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS, JULY 1, 1911 (Continued). Gold..|Leu.. .193 .515 Gold: 5, 7, 10 and 15 rubles. Gold: 25 pesetas. Silver: 5 pesetas, Gold: 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 francs. Gold: 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 piastres. The coins of silver standard countries are valued by their pure silver contents, at the average market price of silver for the three months preceding July 1, 1911. 1Under former system-Gold, 4 florins ($1.929), 8 florins ($3.858), ducat ($2.287), 4 ducats ($9.139). Silver: 1 and 2 florins. 2 Amoy, .638; Canton, .636; Chefoo, .610; Chin Kiang, .623; Fuchau, .590; Haikwan (customs), .649; Hankow, .597; Kiaochou, .618; Nanking, .631; Niuchwang, .598; Ningpo, .613; Peking, .622; Shanghai, .583; Swatow, 589; Takau, .642; Tien-Tsin, .618. Dollar: Hongkong, .420; British, .420; Mexican, .423. The sovereign is the standard coin of India, but the rupee ($0.3244 1-3) is the money of account, current at 15 to the sovereign. * Seventyfive centigrams fine gold. Value in Mexico, $0.498. The exchange value of the silver kran is approximately $0.0896. INTERNATIONAL VALUE OF COINS. Showing equivalents of one nation's coins with the coins of other nations. Austria.-Crown=100 Hellers 40 Egyptian sequins-1.06 French francs-85 German pfennigs-10 English pence=1.06 Italian liras-187 Portuguese reis-26 1-3 Russian kopeks-1.06 Spanish pesetas-4.28 Turkish piastres 20.3 United States cents. Egypt.-Sequin-100 plastres-25 Austrian hellers=26 French centimes-21 German pfennigs=24 pence-26 Italian liras 46 Portuguese reis 6 Russian kopeks= 26 Spanish centimos-1.06 Turkish piastres-5 United States cents. France.-Franc=100 centimes 94 Austrian hellers 38 Egyptian piastres=80 German pfennigs=9% English pence=1 Italian lira 176 Portuguese reis-25 Russian kopeks 1 Spanish peseta 4.18 Turkish piastres-19.3 United States cents. Germany.-Mark-100 pfennigs=1.18 Austrian crowns 47 Egyptian piastres= 1.25 French francs-1 English shilling-1.25 Italian liras 220 Portuguese reis-31 Russian kopeks-1.25 Spanish pesetas 5.22 Turkish piastres-23.8 United States cents. Great Britain.-Pound sterling 20 shillings-12 pence-24 Austrian crowns=9.70 French francs-3.24 German marks-3 shillings 2 pence English-4 Italian__ liras= 4.493 Portuguese milreis-6.30 Russian rubles-25%1⁄2 Spanish pesetas=113%1⁄2 Turkish piastres 4.86% United States dollars. Italy. Lire 100 centesimi, is of the same value as the French franc. Portugal-Milreis=1,000 reis 5.34 Austrian crowns 2.16 Egyptian sequins= 5.67% French francs-4.54 German marks 4 shillings 51⁄2 pence English 5.761⁄2 Italian liras=1.40 Russian rubles-5.67% Spanish pesetas 25.9 Turkish piastres= $1 08 United States. Russia.-Ruble=100 kopeks=3.81 Austrian crowns-1.54 Egyptian sequins-4 French francs-3.24 German marks 3 shillings 2 pence English 4 Italian liras= 7131⁄2 Portuguese reis 4 Spanish pesetas 18 Turkish piastres 51% United States cents. Spain.-Peseta-100 centimos-94 Austrian hellers 38 Egyptian plasters-1 French franc-80 German pfennigs=92 English pence-1 Italian lira=176 Portuguese reis 25 Russian kopeks-4.18 Turkish piastres-19.3 United States cents. Turkey.-Piastre 40 para 5 Austrian crowns 9 Egyptian piastres=22%1⁄2 French centimes-13 German pfennigs=2% English pence 222 Italian centesimi-39 13-20 Portuguese reis-52 Russian kopeks=122 Spanish centimos 4.4 United States Note.-Foreign money is subject to fluctuations of the exchange. JAPANESE CURRENCY. cents. The coins now chiefly used in Japan are copper, nickel, silver and gold, but in the country districts it is still possible to find brass coins of less than mill value. The copper pieces are 2 sen, 1 sen and 2 sen. The 5-sen piece is the only nickel coin. The silver pieces are 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, 50 sen and 1 yen, and the_gold coins are 5 yen, 10 yen and 20 yen. There are also paper bills of 1 yen and upward. One yen is $0.4935 and 1 sen equals 2 cent. An American dollar equals 2.006 yen and an American cent equals 0.02 yen. In 1897 the Japanese adopted the gold standard, so that change fluctuations gold standard, so that exchange fluctuations with the Occident are slight. The births in France in 1910 were 774,358, the lowest rate for a century. they were 1,018,000. In 1859 80 SIMPLE INTEREST-MONTHLY WAGES ON A DAY BASIS. Forty years ago the average age of marriage in England was 25.8 for men and 24.4 for women. In the period 1901 to 1905 the average was 26.9 and 25.4, respectively. MONTHLY WAGES COMPUTED ON A DAY BASIS FOR FRACTIONS OF One dollar, from one year to fifteen years, with compound interest added semiannually, at different rates. COMPOUND INTEREST, TO AMOUNT TO $1,000 IN A DEFINITE Explanation.-How much must be invested every year, at 42 per cent compound interest, so that the proceeds will amount to $1,000 in twenty-five years? Look under the heading "42 per cent," at the right of twenty-five years, and you find $21 47, the answer, etc., etc. Imports of bananas into the United States increased in value from $6,550,000 in 1901 to $12,433,000 in 1910. LONGEVITY CALCULATIONS. According to Buffon, the life of man "can" last six times as long as it takes him to become fully developed; according to Bacon and Hufland, eight times as long. Now, since man is not considered in the anatomical sense completely mature before the twenty-fifth year of age his life, according to the last named two authorities, "could" last two hundred years. But, as a matter of fact, there is no record whatever of such long lives. Among the extraordinary cases of longevity on record and well attested is that of the Englishman Thomas Parr, who lived happily in Shropshire to the age of 152. The celebrated Harvey, who dissected him after death, found his body in excellent condition, and stated that had it not been for his intemperance he might have lived much longer. A census taken under Emperor Vespasian showed in the relatively small territory of Italy alone eighty persons over one hundred years old, and among these two who had reached the age of 140. The census of the United States for 1890 shows 3,981 centenarians and that for 1900 3,504 (males, 1,271; females, 2,333). These figures have only a dubious value, not merely because the vanity of old people in general causes them to claim their age much higher than it really is, but for the fact that the majority of these centenarians are ignorant persons (2,553 negroes, 111 Indians and 3 Mongolians), whose statements as to their age cannot be relied upon. It has been calculated that of 1,000,000 men and women who have passed the age of 30 about one-half live to the age of 63, one-fourth to the age of 76, every tenth to the age of 83 and every hundredth to the age of 97 years. Of 1,000,000 only 100 attain the age of 100, 2 the age of 104, and to find a person only one year older 2,000,000 births have to occur; but only among 10,000,000 human beings one grows 106 years old. The following tables show the expectation of life from various ages and the percentage living to the end of certain periods: American Experience Expectation of Life. According to the American Experience Table of Mortality. Russia, Finland, Sweden and Norway together possess 583,000,000 acres of forests, 78 per cent of the total forest area of Europe. |