upon any book or other article which has not been copyrighted, whether such article be subject to copyright or otherwise; or who shall knowingly issue or sell any article bearing a notice of United States copyright which has not been copyrighted in the United States; or who shall import any book, photograph, chromo or lithograph, or other article bearing such notice of copyright, or words of the same purport, which is not copyrighted in this country. The secretary of the American Copyright League is R. U. Johnson, No. 33 East 17th Street, New York City, N. Y. LABOR LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES. The United States statutes at large provide for a Bureau of Labor in the Department of Commerce and Labor, said bureau to be in charge of an officer designated the Commissioner of Labor. The general design and duties Labor of the Bureau of Labor are to acquire and diffuse among the Commissioner. people of the United States useful information on subjects connected with labor, in the most general and comprehensive sense of that word, and especially upon its relation to capital, hours of labor, the earnings of laboring men and women, and the means of promoting their material, social, Intellectual and moral prosperity. The United States statutes at large provide that the service and employment of all laborers and mechanics employed by the Government of the United States, by the District of Columbia, or by any contractor or sub-contractor Hours of Labor. upon any of the public works of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, shall be limited and restricted to eight hours in any one calendar day. Also, that it shall be unlawful for any officer of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, or for any contractor or sub-contractor as above described, to require or permit any such laborer or mechanic to work more than eight hours in any calendar day, except in cases of extraordinary emergency. (Chap. 352, acts of Congress, 1891-'92.) In 1887 Congress provided by act that eight hours should constitute a day's work for letter carriers in cities or postal districts connected therewith, and if any letter carrier should be employed a greater number of hours per day he should be paid extra for the same. (Chap. 308, acts of Congress, 1887-88.) Chap. 47, acts of Congress, 1887-'88, directs the Public Printer to enforce the eight-hour law in the department under his charge. All persons in the Government service as per diem employes are allowed the following holidays, for which they shall receive pay the same as on other days: January 1, February 22, May 30 (Memorial Day), July 4, first Monday Holiday Pay. In September, Labor Day (to employes of the Government Printing Office only), December 25, and such days as the President may appoint as days for national thanksgiving. Chap. 370, acts of Congress, 1897-'98, provides that when a controversy arises between a common carrier, engaged in interstate or foreign commerce, and its employes, which interrupts or threatens to interrupt its business, Arbitration of the chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Labor Disputes. Commissioner of Labor shall, upon the request of either party, communicate with the parties and try by mediation and conciliation to settle the controversy, and if their efforts are unsuccessful they shall then try to bring about an arbitration of said controversy; that if the effort at mediation as above does not succeed the controversy may, by the consent of the parties, be submitted to the arbitration of a board of three persons, one to be named by the employing carrier, one to be named by the employes, and the third to be chosen by the two first named, or, if they cannot agree on any one, then by the chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Commissioner of Labor; that a majority of said arbitrators may make a valid and binding award, which must be found and filed in the clerk's office of the Circuit Court of the United States for the district wherein the controversy arose or the arbitration was entered into, within thirty days from the date of the appointment of the third arbitrator; that the submission of the controversy shall be in writing and signed by both parties, and must be filed with the award and with a transcript of all the testimony; that these papers so filed in court with the award shall have the force and effect of a bill of exceptions; that the award shall be final and conclusive upon both parties unless set aside by the court for error of law apparent on the record; that the award shall go into practical operation and judgment shall be entered thereon at the expiration of ten days from the filing unless, within said ten days, either party shall file exceptions thereto for matter of law apparent upon the record; that at the expiration of ten days from the judgment of the Circuit Court upon exceptions taken as above, judgment shall be entered in accordance with the decision of the court unless, within said ten days, either party shall appeal to the Circuit Court of Appeals; the decision of the Circuit Court of Appeals shall be final; that employes dissatisfied with the award must not quit the employer before the expiration of three months from and after the making of the award without giving thirty days' notice in writing of their intention, and that an employer so dissatisfied must not, on account of such dissatisfaction, dismiss an employe before the expiration of said three months without giving the same notice; that during the pendency of such arbitration it shall not be lawful for the employer party to such arbitration to discharge employes parties thereto, except for inefficiency, violation of law or neglect of duty, nor for the employes to unite in, aid or abet strikes against said employer, and that for a period of three months after an award under such an arbitration it shall not be lawful for an employer to discharge employes, except for the causes aforesaid, without giving Castle Garden, converted into an aquarium in 1897, was originally erected as a fort by the United States government in 1807 and received the name of Castle Clinton. thirty days' notice in writing of his intention to do so, nor for any employe, during a like period, to quit the service of the employer without just cause without giving a like notice; that each member of such board of arbitration shall receive a compensation of $10 per day for the time he is actually employed, and also his traveling and other necessary expenses. For federal employers' liability legislation passed at the second session of the Sixty-first Congress, see page, 132 of The Tribune Almanac for 1911. For the law of May 30, 1908, providing compensation for injuries to federal employes, see page 100 of The Tribune Almanac for 1909. For the liability of common carriers law of April 22, 1908, see page 88 of The Tribune Almanac for 1909. FINANCE, TRADE AND INDUSTRY. STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT AND OF THE CASH IN THE TREASURY Debt on Which Interest Has Ceased Since Maturity. Old debt matured at various dates prior to January 1, 1861, and other items of debt matured at various dates subsequent to January 1, 1861.... 14,610 00 904,350 26 Aggregate of debt on which interest has ceased since maturity... $1,851,810 26 Debt Bearing No Interest. United States notes (February 25, 1862; July 11, 1862; March 3, Old demand notes (July 17, 1861; February 12, 1862). Aggregate of debt bearing no interest... $346,681,016 00 53,282 50 28,056,118 00 6,857,019 90 . $381,647,436 40 Certificates and Notes Issued on Deposits of Coin and Silver Bullion. Classification. Gold certificates. Silver certificates. Treasury notes of 1890. Aggregate of certificates and Treasury notes, offset by cash in the Treasury Interest bearing debt. Debt on which interest has Aggregate of interest and debt Certificates and Treasury notes offset by an equal amout of cash in the Treasury In Treasury. $1,395,780,545 00 Recapitulation, 1,851,810 26 381,647,436 40 The Simplon tunnel through the Swiss Alps is 12.3 miles long. Total 150,000,000 00 H Balance in the Treasury September 30, 1911, exclusive of reserve and trust funds.. Balance in the Treasury October 31, 1911, exclusive of reserve and trust funds.. 286,522,398 55 $1,897,171,122 72 $144,394,996 30 136,522,398 55 Decrease during the month.. $7,872,597 75 Memorandum showing the amounts due the United States from Pacific railroads on account of bonds issued in aid of their construction: Principal. Central branch Union Pacific......... $1,600,000 00 Interest. Total. The St. Gothard Railroad tunnel through the Alps is nine and one-quarter miles long. Totals of the government. 8,590,586| 161,264,426 18,617,856| 3,138,000 9,868 346,681,016| 4,768,101 739,165,313] 33,166,353 Nov. 1, 1911. | Nov. 1, 1910. | Jan. 1, 1879 475,690,414| 142,646,570 3,128,132 341,912,915 705,998,960| 413,360 67,982,601 483,376,411 139,151,279| 3,510,558 $3,606,949,722 | $351,983,271 | $3,254,966, 451 | $3,180,084, 499 | $816,266,721 Population of the United States November 1, 1911, estimated at 94,540,000; circulation per capita, $34 43. See note. *A revised estimate by the Director of the Mint of the stock of gold coin was adopted in the statement for August 1, 1907. There was a reduction of $135,000,000. A revised estimate by the Director of the Mint of the stock of subsidiary silver coin was adopted in the statement of September 1, 1910. There was a reduction of $9,700,000. For redemption of outstanding certificates an exact equivalent in amount of the appropriate kinds of money is held in the Treasury, and is not included in the account of money held as assets of the government. §This statement of money held in the Treasury as assets of the government does not include deposits of public money in national bank depositaries to the credit of the Treasurer of the United States, amounting to $36,942,342 76. For a full statement of assets see Public Debt Statement. Includes $33,190,000 currency certificates, Act June 8, 1872. Note. The figures representing the population of the United States during the past ten years have been estimated upon the basis of the census of 1900. The figures for this statement are estimated upon the basis of the census of 1910, representing the population of continental United States. COIN AND PAPER CIRCULATION OF THE UNITED STATES FROM 1886 TO 1911, INCLUSIVE, WITH AMOUNT OF CIRCULATION PER CAPITA. Treasury, Circulation. Popula- Per in Treasury, bank notes. as assets. tion. cap. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dols. 903,027,804 658,880,470 1,661,407,774 308,707,249 1,252,700,525 57,404,000 21.82 1,007,513,901 625,898,804 1,683. 412,705 315,878,562 1,817,539,143 58,680,000 22 45 1888 1,092,391,690 599,049,387 1,691,441,027 319,270,157 1,372,170,870 59,974,000 22 88 1889 1,100,612,434 558,059,979 1,058,672,418 278,310,764 1,380,361,649 61,289,000 22 52 1890 1,152,471,638 532,651,791 1,685,123,429 255,872,159 1,429,251,270 62,622,250 22 82 1891 1,112,956,637 564,837.407 1,677,794,044 180,353,337 1,497,440,707 | 63,947,000 23 42 1,131,142,260 621,076.937|1,752,219,197 150,872,010 1,601,847,187 65,191,000 24 56 1,066,223,357 672,585,115 1,788,808,472 142,107,227 1,596,701,245 66,456,000 24 03 1,098,958,741 706,120,220 1,805,078,961 144,270,253 1.660,808,708 67,740,000 24 52 1,114,899,106 704,460,451 1,819,859,557 217,391,084 1,601,968,473 69,043,000 23 20 1,097,610,190 702,364,848 1,799,975,083 293,540,067 1,506,484,966 70,365,000 21 41 1,213,780,289 692,216,830 1,905,996,619 265,787,100 1,640,209,519 71,704,000 22 87 1,397,785,969 675,788,478 2,073,574,442 235,714,547 1,837,859,885 73,060,000 25 15 1,508,543,738 681,550,167|2,190,093,905 | 286,022,024 1,904,071,881 74,433,000 25 58 1,607,352,218 732,348,460 | 2,839.700, 673 | 284,549,675 2,055, 150,998 76,295,220 26 94 1,734,881,774 748,285,518 2,488,147,292 307,760,015 2,175,387,277 77,754,000 27 08 1,829,913,551 733,353,107|2,563,266,658) 313,876, 107 2,249,890,551 79,117,000 28 43 1,958,083,786 784.213.995 2,742,299,781 293,131,363 2,449,168,418 81,061,000 30 21 2,032,717,414| 815,575,516|2,848,292,930 264,816,269 2,583,476,661 82,329,000 81 38 2,079,848,586 879,710,265 2,959.558,851 306,427,278 2,653,131,578 83,726,000 81 69 #1906 2,241,743,960 936,765,001 3,178,508,961 321,626,175 2,866,882,786 85,131,000 38 68 11907 2,260,619,846 1,008,445,212 3,269,065,058 | 260,823,475 3,008,241,583 86,666,000 34 71 $1908 2,363,453,526 1,017,230,208 3,381,079,734 282,581,713 [3,098,498,021 87,971,000 35 22 21909 2,373,233,341 1,054,655,772 3,427,889,113 303,210,056 3,124,679,057 89,404,000 34 95 21910 2,413,665,480 1,075,073,324 3,488,738,804 308,654,305 3,180,084,499 90,844,000 35 01 21911 .2,517,965,393 1,088,984,329 3,606,949,722 351,983,271|3,254,966,451 | 94,540,000| 34.43 1On December 1. 2 On November 1. Traffic receipts on the Suez Canal in 1910 were $26,100,000, against $24,200,000 in 1909. Total Unknown, destroyed 1,000,000 Totals. $5,312,470| $498,921,156 5,552,910| 77,817,540 513,020 119,799,220 90,000 17,041,000 23,500 22,038,500 23,000 105,407,500 10,000 .... 96,080,000 210,710,000 96,080,000 210,720,000 49,608 *5,030,585 Net 49,608 |$347,681,016|$3,138,000 $744,195,898|$997,062,669 | $484,281,000 $2,576,358,583 6,030,585 $346,681,016|$3,138,000|$739,165,313 $997,062,669 | $484,281,000 $2,570,327,998 *Redeemed but not assorted by denomination. NATIONAL BANK NOTES OUTSTANDING, NOVEMBER 1, 1910, AND OCTOBER 1 AND NOVEMBER 1, 1911. National bank notes outstanding secured by Total national bank notes outstanding.. |Nov. 1, 1910. | Oct 1, 1911. | Nov. 1, 1911. $691,335,845 $708,976,455 $711,099,938 28,065,375 33,538,463 28,811,903 |$724,874,308 | $737,788,358 | $739,165,313 BONDS HELD IN TRUST FOR NATIONAL BANKS, OCTOBER 31, 1911. *At par. At 90 per cent of par. At 90 per cent of market value not exceeding 90 per cent par. When banks have occasion to withdraw bonds held by the Treasurer to secure deposits of public moneys, the following shall be the order of withdrawal: Group IV, Group III, Group II and Group I. Bonds within a group may be interchanged by banks if desired, but bonds in a lower group may not be substituted for those in a higher group. Bonds of the Manila Railroad Company are also receivable to secure deposits of public moneys, and when accepted will be treated as belonging to Group III. ABSTRACT OF REPORTS MADE TO THE CONTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, SHOWING THE CONDITION OF THE NATIONAL BANKS. New York's suicide rate in 1910 was 18.9 per 100,000 population. |