Physical Geology: Earth Revealed

acid andesite asthenosphere atoms basalt bedrock beneath Benioff zones box figure calcite California Canyon caused chapter chemical weathering clay minerals composition continental crust continents converging boundary cooling craton crystal debris deposited depth dikes diverging boundary earth's crust earth's surface earthquakes eroded erosion eruptions feldspar felsic folds fossils fracture zones geologists grains granite gravity heat horizontal igneous rocks intrusive ions kilometers landslides lava flows layers lithosphere mafic magma magnetic anomalies mantle plume mantle rock mass wasting metamorphic rocks meters mid-oceanic ridge million mountain belt mountain ranges move movement normal faults occur oceanic crust oceanic trenches Photo plagioclase plate boundaries plate motion plate tectonics plutonic pressure protons pyroclastic quake quartz regions ridge crest rift valley San Andreas fault sandstone sea floor sea level sediment sedimentary rock seismic waves shown in figure silicate slope soil solidified stream structure subducting plate temperature terrane thick U.S. Geological Survey uplift volcanic