by message to both Houses of Parliament within the first week of the first Session afterwards.

"That the Lieutenant-Governor of each province shall be paid by the General Legislature.

"That in undertaking to pay the salaries of the Lieutenant-Governors, the Conference does not desire to prejudice the claim of Prince Edward Island upon the Imperial Government for the amount now paid for the salary of the Lieutenant-Governor thereof.

"The local Government and Legislature of each province shall be constructed in such manner as the existing Legislature of such province shall provide in the Act consenting to the Union.

"After the Union the local Legislatures shall have power to alter or amend their constitution from time to time.

"The local Legislatures shall have power to make laws respecting the following subjects:

"Direct taxation and the imposition of duties on the export of timber, logs, masts, spars, deals, and sawn lumber, and of coals and other minerals. Borrowing money on the credit of the province.

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"The establishment and tenure of local offices, and the appointment and payment of local officers.

Agriculture. "Immigration.

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Education; saving the rights and privileges which the Protestant or Catholic minority in both Canadas may possess as to their denominational schools at the time when the Union goes into operation.

"The sale and management of public lands, excepting lands belonging to the General Government.

"Sea-coast and inland fisheries.

"The establishment, maintenance, and management of penitentiaries, and of public and reformatory prisons.

"The establishment, maintenance, and management of hospitals, asylums, charities, and eleemosynary institutions.

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Municipal institutions.

Shop, saloon, tavern, auctioneer, and other licences. "Local works.

"The incorporation of private or local companies, except such as relate to matters assigned to the Federal Legislature.

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Property and civil rights, excepting those portions thereof assigned to the General Legislature.

"Inflicting punishment by fine, penalties, imprisonment, or otherwise for the breach of laws passed in relation to any subject within their jurisdiction. "The administration of justice, including the constitution, maintenance, and organization of the courts, both of civil and criminal jurisdiction, and including also the procedure in civil matters.

"And generally all matters of a private or local nature.

"The power, of respiting, reprieving, commuting, and pardoning prisoners convicted of crimes, and of remitting of sentences in whole or in part, which belongs of right to the Crown, shall be administered by the LieutenantGovernor of each province in Council, subject to any instructions he may from time to time receive from the General Government, and subject to any provisions that may be made in this behalf by Parliament.

"That in regard to all subjects over which jurisdiction belongs to both the General and local Governments, the laws of the Federal Parliament shall control and supersede those made by the local Legislature, and the latter shall be void so far as they are repugnant to or inconsistent with the former.

"That both the English and French languages may be employed in the General Legislature and in its proceedings, and also in the local Legislature of Lower Canada, and in the Federal and local courts of Lower Canada.

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"That no lands or property belonging to the General or local Government shall be liable to taxation.

"All bills for appropriating any part of the public revenue, or for imposing any new tax or impost, shall originate in the House of Commons or the local Assembly, as the case may be.

"The House of Commons or Legislative Assembly shall not originate or pass any vote, resolution, address, or bill for the appropriation of any part of the public revenue, or of any tax or impost to any purpose, not first recommended to the House or Assembly by message of the Governor-General or the Lieutenant-Governor, as the case may be, during the session in which such vote, resolution, address, or bill is passed.

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'Any bill of the General Legislature may be reserved in the usual manner for Her Majesty's assent, and any bill of the local Legislatures may, in like manner, be reserved for the consideration of the Governor-General.

"Any bill passed by the General Legislature shall be subject to disallowance by Her Majesty within two years, as in the case of bills passed by the said provinces hitherto, and in like manner any bill passed by a local Legislature shall be subject to disallowance by the Governor-General within one year after the passing thereof.

"That, subject to any future action of the respective local Governments in respect thereof, the seat of the local Government in Upper Canada shall be Toronto; of Lower Canada, Quebec; and the seats of the local Governments in the other provinces shall be as at present.

"That the seat of Government of the Federated Provinces shall be Ottawa, subject to the Royal Prerogative.

"That the Confederation shall be vested at the time of the union with all cash, bankers' balances, and other cash securities of each province.

"That the Confederation shall be vested with the public works and property of each province-to wit:-Canals; public harbours; lighthouses and piers; steamboats, dredges, and public vessels; river and lake improvements; railroads, mortgages, and other debts due by railroad companies; military roads; public buildings, custom-houses, and post-offices, except such as may be set aside by the General Government for the use of the local Legislatures and Governments; property transferred by the Imperial Government and known as ordnance property; armories, drill-sheds, military clothing, and munitions of war; lands set apart for public purposes.

"All lands, mines, minerals, and Royalties vested in Her Majesty in the provinces of Upper Canada, Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, for the use of such provinces, shall belong to the local Government of the territory in which the same are so situate, subject to any trusts that may exist in respect to any of such lands or to any interest of other persons in respect of the same.

"All sums due from purchasers or lessees of such lands, mines, or minerals at the time of the Union shall also belong to the local Governments.

"The several provinces shall remain in each vested with all other public property therein, except such as herein before vested in the Confederation, subject to the right of the Confederation to assume any lands or public property required for fortifications or the defence of the country.

"The Confederation shall assume all the debts and liabilities of each province.

"The debt of Canada not specially assumed by Upper and Lower Canada respectively shall not exceed at the time of the Union 62,500,000 dollars; Nova Scotia shall enter into the Confederation with a debt not exceeding 8,000,000 dollars; and New Brunswick 7,000,000 dollars.

"But it is expressly provided that in case Nova Scotia or New Brunswick do not incur liabilities beyond those for which their Governments are now bound, and which shall make their respective debts at the date of Union less than 8,000,000 dollars and 7,000,000 dollars respectively, they shall then be

entitled to benefit by the interest at 5 per cent. on the amount not so incurred, in like manner as is hereinafter provided for Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island. The foregoing resolution being in no respect intended to limit the powers now given to the respective Governments of those provinces by Legislative authority, but to limit the extreme amount of charge to be brought by them against the Confederation. Provided always that the powers so conferred by the respective Legislatures must be exercised within five years from this date, or will then lapse.

"Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island, not having incurred debts equal to those of the other provinces, shall be entitled to receive by half-yearly payments, in advance from the Confederation, the interest at 5 per cent. on the difference between the actual amount of their respective debts at the time of the Union, and the average amount of indebtedness per head of the population of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.

"In consideration of the transfer to the General Legislature of the powers of taxation, a grant in aid of each province shall be made, equal to an amount of 80c. per head of the population as established by the census of 1861; Newfoundland being estimated at 130,000 inhabitants. Such aid to be in full settlement of all future demands upon the General Legislature for local purposes, and to be payable half-yearly in advance to each province.

"The position of New Brunswick being such as to entail large immediate charges upon her local revenues, it is agreed that for the period of ten years from the time when the union takes effect, an additional allowance of 63,000 dollars per annum shall be made to that province. Provided that so long as the liability of that province remains under 7,000,000 dollars, a deduction equal to the interest on such deficiency shall be made from the 63,000 dollars.

"In consideration of the surrender to the Confederation by Newfoundland of all its rights in mines and minerals, and of all the ungranted and unoccupied lands of the Crown, it is agreed that the sum of 150,000 dollars shall each year be paid to that province by semi-annual payments; provided that the colony shall retain the right of opening, constructing, and controlling roads and bridges through any of the said lands, subject to any laws which the General Legislature may pass in respect of the same.

"All engagements that may be entered into with the Imperial Government for the defence of the country shall be assumed by the Confederation.

"That the Federal Government will secure without delay the completion of the Intercolonial Railway from the Rivière-du-Loup through New Brunswick to Truro, in Nova Scotia.

"The communications with the North-Western Territory, and the improvements required for the development of the trade of the great west with the seaboard, are regarded by this Conference as subjects of the highest importance to the Confederation, and should be prosecuted at the earliest possible period when the state of the Federal finances will permit the Legislature to do so.

"The sanction of the Imperial and local Parliaments shall be sought for the union of the provinces on the principles adopted by the Conference.

"The proceedings of the Conference, when finally revised, shall be signed by the delegates, and submitted by each deputation to its own Government, and the chairman is authorized to submit a copy to the Governor-General for transmission to the Secretary of State for the Colonies."

APPENDIX "B."

INCREASED PRODUCTION OF CULTIVATED PLANTS NEAR THE NORTHERNMOST LIMIT OF THEIR GROWTH. Extracts from an Article upon the "Acclimating Principle of Plants," in the American Journal of Geology, by Dr. Forry.

THE cultivated plants yield the greatest products near the northernmost limit in which they will grow.

I have been forcibly impressed with this fact, from observing the productions of the various plants which are cultivated for food or clothing in the United States. The following instances will go far to establish the principle-viz.:—

The cotton, which is a tropical plant, yields the best staple and surest product in the temperate latitudes. The southern parts of the United States have taken the cotton-market from the East and West Indies, both as regards quantity and quality. This is partly owing to the prevalence of insects within the tropics, but principally to the forcing nature of a vertical sun. Such a degree of heat develops the plant too rapidly-runs it into wood and foliage, which become injuriously luxuriant; the consequence is, there are but few seed-pods, and these covered with a thin harsh coat of wool. The cotton wool, like the fur of animals, is, perhaps, designed for protection; and will be thick and fine in proportion as the climate is warm or cool. Another reason is to be found in the providence of the Deity, who aims to preserve races rather than individuals, and multiplies the seeds and eyes of plants, exactly as there is danger of their being destroyed by the severity of the climate, or other causes. When, therefore, the cares and labours of man counteract the destructive tendency of the climate and guarantee their preservation, they are, of course, more available and abundant.

The lint plants, flax, hemp, &c., are cultivated through a great extent of latitude, but their bark, in the southern climates, is harsh and brittle. A warm climate forces these plants so rapidly into maturity, that the lint does not acquire either consistency or tenacity. We must go far north in Europe, even to the Baltic, to find these plants in perfection, and their products very merchantable. Ireland is rather an exception as to latitude; but the influence of the sun is so effectually counteracted there by moisture and exposure to the sea air, that it is always cool; hence the flax and potatoe arrive at such perfection in that region.

It holds equally true in the farinaceous plants. Rice is a tropical plant; yet Carolina and Georgia grow the finest in the world-heavier grained, better filled, and more merchantable, than any imported into Europe from the Indies. The inhabitants of the East Indies derive their subsistence almost exclusively from rice; they must be supposed, therefore, to cultivate it with all skill and care, and the best contrivances for irri

gation. Such is, however, the forcing nature of their climate, that the plant grows too rapidly, and dries away before the grain be properly filled. Indian corn, or maize, if not a tropical plant, was originally found near the tropics; and, although it now occupies a wide range, it produces the heaviest crops near the northern limit of its range. In the West Indies it rises thirty feet in height; but, with all that gigantic size, it produces only a few grains on the bottom of a spongy cob, and is counted on only as rough provender. In the southern part of the United States it reaches a height of fifteen feet, and will produce thirty bushels to the acre; in the rich lands of Kentucky and the Middle States it produces fifty or sixty bushels to the acre; but in New York and New England agricultural societies have actually awarded premiums for one hundred and fifty bushels to the acre, collected from stalks only seven feet high. The heats of a southern sun develop the juices of this plant too quickly. They run into culm and blade, to the neglect of the seed, and dry away before fructification becomes complete.

Wheat is a more certain crop in New York, the northern part of Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and in the Baltic regions of Europe, than in the south either of Europe or America. In the north snows accumulate, and not only protect it from the winter colds, but from the weevil, Hessian fly, and other insects that invade it; and in the spring it is not forced too rapidly into head, without time to mature fully, and concoct its farina.

A cold climate also aids the manufacturing of flour, preserving it from acidity, and enables us to keep it long, either for a good market, or to meet scarcities and emergencies. Oats grow in almost every country; but it is northern regions only, or very moist or elevated tracts, that they fill with farina suitable for human sustenance. Rye, barley, buckwheat, millet, and other culmiferous plants, might be adduced to illustrate the above principle; for all their habits require a more northern latitude than is necessary to their mere growth.

The grasses are proverbially in perfection only in northern and cool regions, although they will grow everywhere. It is in the north alone that we raise animals from meadows, and are enabled to keep them fat, and in good condition, from hay and grass alone, without grain. It is there the grasses acquire a succulence and consistency enough not only to mature animals, but to make the richest butter and cheese, that contribute so much to the tables of the luxurious. The grasses, which often in the south grow large enough, are without richness and nutriment; in hay they have no substance, and when green are too washy to fatten animals; the consequence is, most animals in those latitudes browse from necessity, and are poor and without size or beauty. It is the same hot sun which forces them to a rapid fructification before they have had time to concoct their juices. The sugar-cane produces, perhaps, better where it never seeds than in the tropics; for the juices will never ripen so as to granulate, until checked by frost or fructification. In the tropics, the cane grows twenty months before the juices ripen, and then the culm has contracted a woody, fibrous quality to such a degree as to resist the pressure of the mills, and yields but little juice, and that to an increased effort. In Louisiana we succeed well with the sugar-culture, because, while the culm is succulent and tender, a white frost checks the growth, ripens the juices, and in five months gives us a culm, tender, full of juice, easy to press,