spoke to him with some earnestness, and said to him that it was not the king's will that he should treat me with so little care; I told him he took better care of his dog than of me, which was in reality the case. He then began to speak with less indifference, and asked me what I would have. I told him, and obtained it. I was so much affected by our dialogue, that I had an attack of faintness. The woman wept, and said, 'I fear you will die, my dear lady! and then some of the low prison-girls will wash your hands and feet.' I replied that I had not a word to say against it. 'What!' she cried angrily, will you suffer that? No!' she swore, 'I would not! never would I suffer it, were I in your place !' She then bethought herself, and spoke more quietly about funerals and interments. I assured her that I had no concern about such matters; if I were dead, it was indifferent where they laid me; if they buried my body by the sea-shore, it would, along with my soul, stand at last before God's throne on the judgment-day, and be perhaps better off than the bodies of those who lay in silver-mounted coffins and in stately sepulchres. I desired nothing, I said, but a peaceful death. We spoke about the jailor's insolence, about all he had done to me, for which he would be disgraced were it known by his superiors; and about his impiety, which was such that when he went to the communion, he said he had been passed in review,' &c. There was no fear of God in him at all. I myself wished at this time to receive the sacrament, and therefore requested M. Buck to come to me at seven o'clock in the morning, for about half-past eight the fever commenced. The clergyman did not arrive until half-past nine, when the fever-heat had already begun. After I had confessed, he entered on an exhortation concerning manslaughter and murder, and concerning David, who was guilty of Uriah's death, although he did not slay him with his own hand; he expounded the sin thus committed, and the punishment that followed it. You,' he said, 'have slain General Fux, for you hired a retainer to assassinate him.' I replied, 'That is untrue; that I have not done!' Yes, indeed,' said he; the retainer is in Hamburg, and has himself related it.' I answered, 'If he has related it, then he has lied, for it was my son that gave Fux his death-blow.1 I knew not that Fux was in Bruges until I heard of his death. How could the retainer then affirm that he had done the deed? By my command it was not perpetrated; but that I did not mourn over the punishment which had overtaken a villain, I acknowledge and confess.' To this he replied, 'I would myself have done so.' I said, 'How Fux treated us in our captivity at Boningholm, God knoweth. That is now over, and I remember it no more.' 'It is right you should do so,' he answered, and continued in the performance of his religious functions. After he had concluded, he spoke to the jailor before the door of the furthest apartment, and said that I pretended to be ill, that 1 Major-General Adolph Fuchs, whose cruelty and brutality contributed to increase the sufferings of Ulfeldt and his wife when they were imprisoned at Hammershuns, was slain in the streets of Bruges, in 1662, by Christian, Leonora Christina's eldest son. But she was, of course, not in the remotest degree implicated in this transaction. I was not ill at all, that my very countenance betrayed sheer wickedness; that he had told me the truth, and I had got into a passion at hearing it. Catherina stood within the door, for at that time there were no prisoners there, and heard the conversation; he repeated it to me afterwards, when I began to go about again, and talk to him near the door." Leonora Christina's implacable enemy, the Queen Dowager Sophia Amelia, died on the 20th February 1685, and it was only after that event, as already indicated, that the prospects of the prisoner began to brighten. She formally supplicated the King for freedom, and her petition produced the desired result. It is thus that she describes her final release from long captivity: "At six o'clock on the morning of the 19th May (1685), Ole, the turnkey, knocked somewhat gently at the outer door. Janette went to open it. Ole softly said, "The king is already away; he left on his journey at four o'clock.' (He intended visiting Norway.) Janette told me Ole's tidings. I wished his majesty good luck on his travels. (I knew not what order had been issued before he left). At eight o'clock Tötzlöff came to me and announced that the Grand Chancellor, Count Ahlefeldt, had sent to the jailor a royal order commanding me to be set at liberty whenever I chose. The order had been signed by the king the day before he departed. His Excellence, Count Gyldenlöve, had accompanied his majesty. Tötzlöff asked if I wished that he should lock the door, as I was now already free. I replied, 'So long as I am within the prison doors, I am not free; I will also be set at liberty in a proper way. Lock the door, and ascertain what my niece, Anna Catherina Lindenow, says, if his excellency has sent her no message, according to his promise, before he departed.' Tötzlöff locked the door and went on his errand. When he was gone, I said to Janette, 'Now, in heaven's name, this evening I will be out! Gather your things together and lock them past; I will do the same with mine, and we will let them remain here, until we can get them fetched to us.' She was somewhat startled, but not sorry. She thanked God along with me ; and when the door was unlocked at mid-day, and I had my dinner, she laughed at Ole, who was greatly distressed. I said to her that Ole might well grieve, for a good piece of flesh had dropped from his platter. "Tötzlöff brought me an answer from my niece that his excellency had let her know that she was at liberty to accompany me from prison if she chose; so it was arranged that she should come up to the Blue Tower late the same evening. He sent the turnI replied that there "The jailor seemed very anxious to get rid of me. key, towards evening, to ask if I would not leave. was too much light, and that perhaps there were some curious people who had a desire to see me. "I had requested a good friend to supplicate her majesty that I might be allowed to cast myself at her feet (I could obtain entrance into her apartments by the secret passage), but the answer was that she could not venture to speak to me. "About ten o'clock in the evening, the jailor unlocked the door, and admitted my niece; for two years I had not seen him. His salutation was, 'Now, must we separate?' I replied, 'Yes; now the time has come.' So he gave me his hand, and said, 'Adieu !' I answered with the same word, and my niece laughed heartily. "Shortly after the jailor left us, my niece and I departed from the Tower. Her Majesty the Queen expected to see me as I passed out, and for that purpose went to a balcony. But it was tolerably dark, and I had also a black veil upon my face. The Palace Place, until far beyond the bridge, was so crowded with people, that we could scarcely press through the crowd to the carriage. "My captivity has lasted twenty-one years, nine months, and eleven days. 66 King Frederick the Third ordered my imprisonment, on the 8th August 1663; King Christian the Fifth gave me freedom on the 18th May 1685. God bless my most gracious sovereign with all royal happiness, vouchsafe him health, and add many years to his life! Concluded in my prison. "On the 19th May, a little past ten in the evening, I left my place of confinement. Praise, honour, and glory be to God! May He give me grace to acknowledge His divine mercies, and never forget to render Him my thank-offering! "Dearest children, this is the chief part of what was most remarkable that happened within my prison-walls. I live now in the hope that it may so please God and his majesty that I myself may let you see this narrative; for which end God grant His grace ! "Written at Husum, the 2d June, where I wait for his majesty's return from Norway." With these words the record closes. It only remains to be added, that Leonora Christina resided for some months at Husum, and subsequently lived, until her death, in Maribo cloister, which had been assigned to her as a dwelling-place by the Danish government, and where she enjoyed thirteen years of rest, after her previous eventful and stormy career. She died on the 16th March 1698. In concluding this brief notice of the prison-life of a remarkable woman, we would re-assert our previously expressed opinion, that the most striking feature of Leonora Christina's character was unquestionably the heroic fortitude with which she endured the rigour and afflictions of her long captivity. We may well, indeed, admire some of the other qualities, both moral and mental, which distinguished the Countess Ulfeldt, -especially, for instance, may we marvel at the literary cul ture she evidently possessed, and which, as Herr Birthat Smith truly and emphatically affirms, constrains us to term her narrative, with regard to form and style, the first Danish prose work of the seventeenth century; but, beyond doubt, her most attractive trait is to be found in the indomitable courage with which she struggled against terrible misfortunes, and cheerily bore up under a pressure of trials so heavy, that they would have completely crushed the spirits of more ordinary mortals. Therefore do we willingly award her the name of heroine, to which she is so perfectly entitled; and if the tale of her imprisonment should arouse the practical sympathy of those who read it, by evoking to life within their breasts a kindred resignation in the midst of sorrow, a kindred valour when surrounded by a multitude of woes, we may well feel thankful that she was led to pen, for the benefit of posterity, the work of which we have endeavoured to give some slight account in the preceding pages. J. JEFFREY. NOTE. This Article, originally prepared for The British and Foreign Evangelical Review, was in the Editor's hands before the decease of its lamented Author; but its appearance has been unavoidably postponed until it can no longer have the advantage of his revision. In Mr Jeffrey we have lost one of the most ardent and successful students of Danish literature in England.-ED. B. & F. E. R. AMERICAN QUARTERLIES. 1. The Bibliotheca Sacra and Theological Eclectic. Andover. July 1873 2. The Presbyterian Quarterly and Princeton Review. New York. July 1873. 3. The New Englander. New Haven. July 1873. 1. The Bibliotheca Sacra for this quarter is altogether a superior number. The first article on "Calvin and Calvinism," by the Rev. G. S. Abbott, of Watertown, is an able vindication. The author is evidently master of his subject, and his pages glow with a warm and stirring eloquence. In a tone of just indignation he meets the foul aspersions of the calumniators who have assailed the great Genevan. He first vindicates the personal character of the Reformer, and that with special reference to the burning of Servetus. He then enters on a consideration of his opinions, which he vindicates from the charges brought against them, shewing the wide-spread and beneficial influence still exerted by Calvin as a theologian, a moralist, a republican, and an educator. We quote the closing sentences of this most admirable paper: "Calvinism can never be at a discount without threatening ill. Let it never be lightly esteemed, for it has been associated with all the religious and social and intellectual emancipations of the last 300 years. It has been the key-note to which almost every great soul in all this period has vibrated. It still continues to brand the fear of doing wrong upon the consciences of men. Its end is not yet; for it appears and reappears, of necessity, in history, teaching that God is strict to mark and to punish all iniquity and wrong. Modify it, or impugn it as we may, it lies on an enduring basis of apostolic thought, on foundations deeper than the Alpine mountains, and firm as the throne of God. "The traveller searches in vain in the Genevan cemetery for the place where Calvin was laid. No man knoweth the place of his sepulchre. He has no monument in marble, in granite, or bronze; nor has he a stone-cut epitaph. He has, however, a monument of great proportions in the work he achieved for man; in the deliverance he secured from tyrannical states and prelates for his body and his soul; in the heroism and daring he inspired; in the achievements he won for the cause of universal liberty, education, and religion; in the world-wide expansiveness of his republican institutions; in the self-devotion of his bravesouled children; in the unswerving fidelity with which he honoured and obeyed the Word of God. He has an epitaph also in five pregnant words of his master Paul's speech, and accepted with great humility and thankfulness as the dictum of his theology, and the inspiring motive of his life By grace ye are saved." This is followed by a very elaborate critical investigation into the "meaning of N," from the pen of the Rev. W. H. Cobb. The special significance of this inquiry consists in the light which it sheds on the doctrine of the atonement, inasmuch as it assists us in determining in |