Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific SocietiesMiki Makihara, Bambi B. Schieffelin The Pacific is historically an area of enormous linguistic diversity, where talk figures as a central component of social life. Pacific communities also represent diverse contact zones, where between indigenous and introduced institutions and ideas; between local actors and outsiders; and involving different lingua franca, colonial, and local language varieties. Contact between colonial and post-colonial governments, religious institutions, and indigenous communities has spurred profound social change, irrevocably transforming linguistic ideologies and practices. Drawing on ethnographic and linguistic analyses, this edited volume examines situations of intertwined linguistic and cultural change unfolding in specific Pacific locations in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Its overarching concern is with the multiple ways that processes of historical change have shaped and been shaped by linguistic ideologies reflexive sensibilities about languages and language useheld by Pacific peoples and other agents of change. The essays demonstrate that language and linguistic practices are linked to changing consciousness of self and community through notions of agency, morality, affect, authority, and authenticity. In times of cultural contact, communities often experience language change at an accelerated rate. This is particularly so in small-scale communities where innovations and continuity routinely depend on the imagination, creativity, and charisma of fewer individuals. The essays in this volume provide evidence of this potential and a record of their voices, as they document new types of local actors, e.g., pastors, Bible translators, teachers, political activists, spirit mediums, and tour guides, some of whom introduce, innovate, legitimate, or resist new ideas and ways to express them through language. Drawing on and transforming metalinguistic concepts, local actors (re)shape language, reproducing and changing the communicative economy. In the process, they cultivate new cultural conceptions of language, for example, as a medium for communicating religious knowledge and political authority, and for constructing social boundaries and transforming relationships of domination. |
Contents
3 | |
2 Linguistic Paths to Urban Self in Postcolonial Solomon Islands | 30 |
3 Linguistic Purism in Rapa Nui Political Discourse | 49 |
Shifting Language Ideologies and the Socialization of Charabia in the Marquesas French Polynesia | 70 |
The Otherness of Indonesian in a Papuan Community | 96 |
Christianity and Changing Language Ideologies in a Papua New Guinea Society | 125 |
Reflexive Language across Time and Texts in Bosavi Papua New Guinea | 140 |
On Native Language and Authenticity in Papua New Guinea Bible Translation | 166 |
9 Changing Scholarly Representations of the Tongan Honorific Lexicon | 189 |
Making Contact between Consequences | 216 |
227 | |
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Common terms and phrases
a:la Anthropology associated asulo Bambi Bible translation bilingual bilong Bosavi calques Cambridge University Press chapter Chilean Christian church code-switching colonial communities contexts cultural demon dialect discourse discussion dominant Enana English ethnic ethnolinguistic evangelical example forms Free Wesleyan French genres grammar groups guage Hawai‘i heart language Honiara honorifics ideas identity indigenous interaction Jourdan kastom Korowai Kroskrity language ideology language shift lingua franca linguistic ideologies linguistic purism literacy Makihara Marquesas material exchange Melanesian metapragmatic mission missionaries multilingualism Nupela Testamen one’s Pacific Papua New Guinea pastors people’s Pijin political Polynesian practices processes purist Rapa Nui Rapa Nui language reflexive language reported thought Robbins sarapia Schieffelin SIL International SIL PNG Society sociolinguistic Solomon Islands Spanish speakers Spirit women Stasch structure syncretic talk Tekao tion Titikua Tok Pisin Tongan language traditional transformation Tu’i Tonga Ukarumpa Urapmin urban verb vernacular village words