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are, that only a few German scholars, and some half-dozen indefatigable orientalists, belonging to one of the Indian services, will take any interest in the matter! The scientific and literary world will, perhaps, be excited for half a day, on hearing that a stone with an inscription in strange characters has been dug up in Central India, which proves the wide extent of country under the sway of a single monarch, somewhere about the commencement of our era: or that a new temple has been found on a mountain in the midst of some dark, unhealthy, and almost impenetrable forest, which speaks of a time when the jungle was a garden, and a populous city flourished at the foot of the hill. Wonder will be expressed at the discovery, commendation be given to the scholar, encouragement will be afforded by the applause of a few literati at Berlin, or Bonn, or Paris, or by the patronage of a wealthy body; even the mere dilettante may be startled-and then the whole thing will drop. But tell the intellectual world that you have clearly traced a connection between the rocky soil of Attica, and the high land of central Asia, between early Asiatic conceptions and the refinement of the Greek-and you shall not fail to arouse the curiosity which, in the cloisters of Oxford, has fathomed the utmost depths of Athenian philosophy and civilization. It will be a gratifying thing to know whence sprung originally that wonderful power of delineation, that masterly conception, that unrivalled execution, that simple grandeur, and that exquisite symmetry, which distinguish the embodiments of high Grecian art. No doubt, the Greeks were the last persons in the world whose temperament could fit them for researches of this sort. Lively, imaginative, subtle, they learnt only one language in the world, but they learnt it well. Wielding at will that marvellous mother tongue, which gave a soul to the objects of sense, and a body 'to the abstractions of philosophy,' they looked with characteristic presumption on every dialect spoken by the tribes on the shores of the Euxine, or along the coast of Illyricum, with scorn on every barbarian who was powerless to comprehend the language of the shield of Achilles. And thus scholarship may go on toiling for ever in the mines of Hinduism, and accumulating materials from the remnants of every eastern dialect and people, wherewith to build up by degrees an edifice that shall stand the attacks of criticism, and the world will not be warned in time, nor acknowledge that its homage has been paid to unworthy objects. We shall never ask of Hindu, or Arab, or Tartar, or Mogul, or Buddhist, or Mexican, to fix the canons of our

intellectual faith, to define our boundaries, to strengthen our bulwarks. In spite of Oriental enthusiast, English utilitarian, and reckless innovators of all sorts, our taste must be guided, our conceptions be formed, on the models bequeathed to us by Athens, polished, creative and luxurious; by Rome, aggressive, isolated, and stern.

It is difficult to end a review of a work in which learning seems to have been ridden to madness, with any thing like serious criticism. And we must therefore take leave of Mr. Pococke with a reference to one tribe, of the great extent and ramifications of which the author, discursive and impetuous as he is, seems to have been entirely ignorant. We quote Mr. Pococke's own account of the origin of the Perhaiboeans, as he spells the name, or inhabitants of Perhaiboea or Olooson, near Mount Titarus, in Greece. The reader, he tells us, "will bear in mind that Titarus, both river and mountain in Greece, take a name from the Tatarus' mountain pass of Affghanistan. There the name Ooloos, observes Elphinstone, is applied to a whole tribe, or to an independent branch. The word seems to 6 mean a clannish commonwealth. An Ooloos is divided into 'several branches, each under its own chief, who is subordinate to the chief of the Ooloos. During civil wars in the nation, the unsuccessful candidate for the command of an 'Ooloos joins the pretender to the throne, and is brought into power on the success of his party; thus there is the Oolooson (Oolusan) the Perhaiboean clan of warriors. Perhaiboeans at once mythological and historical, Trojan and anti-Trojan, Greek and Affghan." Thus says Mr. Pococke on Elphinstone. But is it not possible that the Ooloos of Affghanistan may be the progenitor of other tribes besides the Grecian? Had these authors-to avail ourselves of Mr. Pococke's usual style of argument, when discovering some facts which had long remained a sealed mystery to other scholars-had they no suspicion that this remarkable union or clan, might be traced in the most civilized state of society, amongst the various nations of Europe, in the descendants of Saxon and Norman, Hun and Goth? For once we will venture an hypothesis, as to the correct meaning and origin of this term, and will shew Elphinstone to be entirely at fault. The word is not unknown in India. It is employed in colloquial intercourse, and is too often in common use. The pedantic, who insist on puzzling the common herd by spelling oriental words with extreme accuracy, write the word as Úlu. The unlearned are content to know and use it as Ooloo. It has been used to denominate a certain species of the extensive

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family of the Simia. The S, wrongly inserted by Elphinstone, is nothing more than the English plural, which has crept in unlawfully, just in the same manner as Persian terminations have been joined by Mr. Pococke to Sanscrit words. Oolooson, or Perhaiboan Trojans, are then nothing more or less than the "sons of Ooloos," the two words having been joined together by the disuse of one S-a corruption neither unnatural nor unfamiliar to the ear: as witness the common surname of Jameson, which is undoubtedly a corruption of James-son, or even of James's-son. We strongly recommend Mr. Pococke, instead of writing on the Scotch Affghans, and the Rajputs or Budhists who built the Cloace at Rome, to trace the fortunes and migrations of this interesting family from east even to west, and from west to east. He will find the tribe of Ooloos everywhere. Members of it are to be discovered in every walk of life, in every trade, calling, and profession, and country, amongst civilians, merchants, soldiers, and learned societies. Objects of satire and persecution, the members of this family are daunted by no repulses, and rise with new vigour from every prostration. They are to be met with, in short, wherever there is a blunder to be committed in business, a speculation to be mismanaged, an error in diplomacy to be committed, or a learned theory, in ethnology, philology, or any other subject, to be pushed to an extreme, until common sense and judgment shall give up the ghost in despair.

ART. V.-Memoir on the Kaffirs, Hottentots, and Bosjemans of South Africa. By Colonel John Sutherland. Cape Town. 1847. [It is necessary to state that the following article was written more than a year ago, before the tidings of the supersession of Sir Henry Smith in the government of the Cape Colony had reached India; but as the important principles that are propounded in it are of universal application, and as even the prospects of the war, and the state of affairs on the frontier of our South African Colony seem to be very little altered, it is believed that the publication of the article even now will not be inopportune.-ED.]

In the ordinary course of literary review, it would be late in the day to notice a work published five years ago. Recent events at the Cape Colony however, and the disastrous war still raging there, invest the subject so ably treated by our author, with such peculiar interest at the present time, that we need offer no apology, we feel assured, in presenting to our readers the opinion of a practical statesman as to the character of our present enemies, the Kaffirs, formed on intimate personal acquaintance, and with his views respecting the internal defensive arrangements and frontier policy which should regulate our relations with that race. In this review we shall have occasion to notice the debate in the House of Commons, of the 15th April, 1851, on Mr. Adderley's motion, and to advert to the leading article in the Evening Mail, of the 23rd April, on Cape affairs.

We have marked for comment the leader here referred to, because, while allusion is therein made to Colonel Sutherland in terms of just appreciation, as one of the best of Indian statesmen, and of the high purpose which led him, when visiting the Cape for health and repose, to proceed to the distant frontier "to study the habits, ascertain the resources, and measure the capacities of the native tribes, and this done, to draw up gratuitously, a minute on the subject, for submission to the Governor for the time being:"—while this just tribute is paid to the individual, it is assumed that the suggestions he submitted, have, in the main, been acted on by succeeding Governors; but that the scheme, formed on the Indian model, has failed, owing to the different nature of the materials at the Cape on which the experiment was tried-that the condition of India, in short, bears scarcely any analogy, in respect of the wild tribes which inhabit portions of its territories, to that of the Cape, with its bordering Kaffirs.

As a careful comparison between our author's scheme, and the plan adopted by the Cape Government in the late organization of the frontier tribes, has satisfied us, that even in respect of the mere machinery, there was a wide departure from Colonel

Sutherland's suggestions; and further that, in the conduct of our relations with the frontier tribes, the very reverse of the principles advocated by that officer, have been acted on, we think it but fair to our author, and important to the impartial and unprejudiced consideration of his views, to remove the impression that his scheme has been tried and has failed from whatever cause. The cause, indeed, assigned, would seem to have been advanced on imperfect information respecting one at least of the two countries which form the objects of comparison, namely, India, between the wild tribes of which, and those at the Cape, the analogy is closer than may at first view appear. This analogy it will be useful to trace.

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Referring then again to the Evening Mail article, it is observed, "that the wild tribes of India, though in themselves as 'savage and indomitable as the Kaffirs, stood in no such relation to the authorities around them-that there was no question, whatever, between their strength and ours." These remarks are based on the assumption that the tribes in question were "isolated communities, contesting their remote localities with tigers," &c. Regarded as such, the remarks on their insignificance as an enemy would be applicable enough; but it may not be generally known that most of the wild tribes of India are subject, as tributaries, to independent, and often powerful, princes and chiefs. The authority of the latter over such subjects is rarely exerted, except for the collection of tribute; and even in this, it is often resisted, and with success, owing to the natural strength of the tracts inhabited by the tribes. But a nominal allegiance or recognition of feudal Sovereignty has never been denied-on the contrary, rather gloried in. These wild tribes are, probably, the aborigines of the country, and though found under different denominations in divers parts, as Bhils, Minas, Ghonds, Kholas, &c., &c., they present the same characteristics everywhere; and under whatever name, the relation we have indicated between the aborigines and the independent chiefs of the country, obtains markedly throughout the principalities of Rajputana and most of the chiefships of Bundelkhund, in Nagpur, and, indeed, almost universally throughout India, where aborigines are to be found -the instances in which they are met with in absolute independence, being the exception, not the rule. But not only to the aborigines will the term wild tribes apply. The warlike clans of Rajputs inhabiting the desert states, are almost equally rude and lawless as the original denizens of the hills and forests, paying, like these, merely a nominal, but not the less cherished, allegiance, to their respective feudal chiefs. Indeed, the two