Presidents and Prime Ministers: Conviction Politics in the Anglo-American Tradition"I am a conviction politician," British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher boldly declared in 1979, and her expressive stand against consensus politics won immediate endorsement from Ronald Reagan. Both promised to provide strong leadership, establish new priorities, and restore fundamental principles to national politics. To many they appeared to form a transatlantic partnership, but they were not the first. Looking back over 200 years of history, Patricia Lee Sykes examines presidents and prime ministers to show how idealistic leaders have challenged liberal ideas and institutions within the Anglo-American tradition, and in the process have altered the political landscape. She reveals how conviction-style politicians have appeared in the U.S. and U.K. at the same time: individuals who articulated similar ideas that adapted liberal ideology to shifting circumstances and who achieved fundamental change at critical moments in their nation's history. This unusual comparative study of chief executives examines not only Reagan and Thatcher but also three other pairs of leaders who used moral rhetoric to challenge the status quo: Woodrow Wilson and David Lloyd George, Grover Cleveland and William Gladstone, and Andrew Jackson and Robert Peel. Sykes first discusses each pair, describing their leadership styles and their roles in the liberal tradition; she then analyzes the mercurial context of conviction politics over time to show when party politics, the media, the state, or global affairs can prevent even the most visionary of leaders from enacting their programs. Sykes also charts an increasing convergence of political practice and philosophy in the two countries-particularly with the "presidentialization" of the prime minister-and tracks the tensions created between executive authority, individual freedom, and the public good when leaders purposefully avoid consensus to pursue their lofty visions. Presidents and Prime Ministers offers a new way of looking at our two countries' leaders that reveals surprising changes and continuities in the office and power of the chief executive. It allows insightful comparisons between the political thought and systems of two nations and shows how strong, determined leadership can dramatically shape the political development of Western democracies. |
Common terms and phrases
According achieve administration affair agenda American appeared attempt authority became believed bill Britain British budget cabinet called campaign central century Cleveland Commons Congress Conservative constitutional continued conviction politicians conviction-style created critical decision delivered Democratic determined economic election established executive fact failed Finally force Gladstone Gladstone's goals groups increased independent initiative institutional interests issue Jackson June Labour later leaders leadership legislation liberal limited Lloyd George London majority managed move needed never party Peel percent Personal interview political popular position practice president presidential prime minister principles promote proposed proved pursue Quoted radical Reagan reform remained reporters Republican response result role secretary secure Senate served significant social speech strong style success tariff Thatcher throughout tion took trade traditional union University vote wanted White House Wilson York