ARGUMENT.-Still in the eighth circle, which bears the name of Malebolge, they look down from the bridge that passes over its fifth gulf, upon the barterers or public peculators. These are plunged in a lake of boiling pitch, and guarded by Demons, to whom Virgil, leaving Dante apart, presents himself; and license being obtained to pass onward, both pursue their way.
HUS we from bridge to bridge, with other talk, The which my drama cares not to rehearse, Pass'd on; and to the summit reaching, stood
To view another gap, within the round
Of Malebolge, other bootless pangs.
Marvellous darkness shadow'd o'er the place. In the Venetians' arsenal as boils
Through wintry months tenacious pitch, to smear Their unsound vessels; for the inclement time Seafaring men restrains, and in that while His bark one builds anew, another stops
The ribs of his that hath made many a voyage, One hammers at the prow, one at the poop, This shapeth oars, that other cables twirls, The mizzen one repairs and main-sail rent; So, not by force of fire but art divine, Boil'd here a glutinous thick mass, that round Limed all the shore beneath. I that beheld, But therein naught distinguish'd, save the bubbles Raised by the boiling, and one mighty swell Heave, and by turns subsiding fall. While there I fix'd my ken below, "Mark! mark!" my guide Exclaiming, drew me toward him from the place Wherein I stood. I turn'd myself, as one Impatient to behold that which beheld
He needs must shun, whom sudden fear unmans, That he his flight delays not for the view. Behind me I discern'd a devil black, That running up advanced along the rock. Ah! what fierce cruelty his look bespake. In act how bitter did he seem, with wings
Buoyant outstretch'd and feet of nimblest tread. His shoulder, proudly eminent and sharp,
Was with a sinner charged; by either haunch He held him, the foot's sinew griping fast.
"Ye of our bridge! he cried, "keen-talon'd fiends! Lo! one of Santa Zita's elders.
Whelm ye beneath, while I return for more.
That land hath store of such. All men are there, Except Bonturo, barterers: of 'no'
For lucre there an 'ay' is quickly made."
Him dashing down, o'er the rough rock he turn'd; Nor ever after thief a mastiff loosed
Sped with like eager haste. That other sank, And forthwith writhing to the surface rose. But those dark demons, shrouded by the bridge, Cried, "Here the hallow'd visage saves not: here Is other swimming than in Serchio's wave, Wherefore, if thou desire we rend thee not, Take heed thou mount not o'er the pitch." This said, They grappled him with more than hundred hooks, And shouted: "Cover'd thou must sport thee here; So, if thou canst, in secret mayst thou filch." E'en thus the cook bestirs him, with his grooms, To thrust the flesh into the caldron down With flesh-hooks, that it float not on the top.
Me then my guide bespake: "Lest they descry That thou art here, behind a craggy rock Bend low and screen thee: and whate'er of force Be offer'd me, or insult, fear thou not; For I am well advised, who have been erst In the like fray." Beyond the bridge's head Therewith he pass'd; and reaching the sixth pier, Behoved him then a forehead terror-proof.
With storm and fury, as when dogs rush forth Upon the poor man's back, who suddenly From whence he standeth makes his suit; so rush'd Those from beneath the arch, and against him Their weapons all they pointed. He, aloud: "Be none of you outrageous: ere your tine Dare seize me, come forth from amongst you one,
Who having heard my words, decide he then If he shall tear these limbs." They shouted loud, Go, Malacoda!" Whereat one advanced,
The others standing firm, and as he came,
"What may this turn avail him?" he exclaim'd. "Believest thou, Malacoda! I had come Thus far from all your skirmishing secure," My teacher answer'd, "without will divine And destiny propitious? Pass we then; For so Heaven's pleasure is, that I should lead Another through this savage wilderness."
Forthwith so fell his pride, that he let drop The instrument of torture at his feet,
And to the rest exclaim'd: "We have no power To strike him." Then to me my guide: O thou! Who on the bridge among the crags dost sit
Low crouching, safely now to me return."
I rose, and toward him moved with speed; the fiends Meantime all forward drew: me terror seized,
Lest they should break the compact they had made. Thus issuing from Caprona,' once I saw
Th' infantry, dreading lest his covenant
The foe should break; so close he hemm'd them round. I to my leader's side adhered, mine eyes With fixt and motionless observance bent On their unkindly visage. They their hooks Protruding, one the other thus bespake:
"Wilt thou I touch him on the hip?" To whom Was answer'd: "Even so; nor miss thy aim."
But he, who was in conference with my guide, Turn'd rapid round; and thus the demon spake: "Stay, stay thee, Scarmiglione!" Then to ust He added: "Further footing to your step This rock affords not, shiver'd to the base Of the sixth arch. But would ye still proceed, Up by this cavern go: not distant far,
1" From Caprona." The surrender of the castle of Caprona to the combined forces of Florence and Lucca, on condition that the garri
son should march out in safety, to which event Dante was a witness, took place in 1290. See G. Villani, "Hist." lib. vii. c. cxxxvi.
Another rock will yield you passage safe. Yesterday, later by five hours than now,
Twelve hundred threescore years and six had fill'd The circuit of their course, since here the way Was broken. Thitherward I straight despatch Certain of these my scouts, who shall espy If any on the surface bask. With them Go ye: for ye shall find them nothing fell. Come, Alichino, forth," with that he cried, "And Calcabrina, and Cagnazzo thou! The troop of ten let Barbariccia lead. With Libicocco, Draghinazzo haste, Fang'd Ciriatta, Graffiacane fierce, And Farfarello, and mad Rubicant. Search ye around the bubbling tar. For these, In safety lead them, where the other crag Uninterrupted traverses the dens."
I then: "O master! what a sight is there. Ah! without escort, journey we alone, Which, if thou know the way, I covet not. Unless thy prudence fail thee, dost not mark How they do gnarl upon us, and their scowl Threatens us present tortures?" He replied: "I charge thee, fear not: let them, as they will, Gnarl on: 'tis but in token of their spite
Against the souls who mourn in torment steep'd."
To leftward o'er the pier they turn'd; but each Had first between his teeth prest close the tongue, Toward their leader for a signal looking,
Which he with sound obscene triumphant gave.
This passage fixes the era of Dante's descent at Good Friday, in the year 1300 (thirty-four years from our blessed Lord's incarnation being added to 1266), and at the thirty-fifth year of our Poet's age. See Canto i. v.
1. The awful event alluded to, the Evangelists inform us, happened "at the ninth hour," that is, our sixth, when the rocks were rent," and the convulsion, according to Dante, was felt even in the depths of Hell. See Canto xii. v. 38.
ARGUMENT.-Virgil and Dante proceed, accompanied by the Demons, and see other sinners of the same description in the same gulf. The device of Ciampolo, one of these, to escape from the Demons, who had laid hold on him.
T hath been heretofore my chance to see
Horsemen with martial order shifting camp, To onset sallying, or in muster ranged, Or in retreat sometimes outstretch'd for flight: Light-armed squadrons and fleet foragers Scouring thy plains, Arezzo! have I seen, And clashing tournaments, and tilting jousts, Now with the sound of trumpets, now of bells, Tabors,' or signals made from castled heights, And with inventions multiform, our own, Or introduced from foreign land; but ne'er To such a strange recorder I beheld, In evolution moving, horse nor foot,
Nor ship, that tack'd by sign from land or star. With the ten Demons on our way we went; Ah, fearful company! but in the church With saints, with gluttons at the tavern's mess. Still earnest on the pitch I gazed, to mark All things whate'er the chasm contain'd, and those Who burn'd within. As dolphins that, in sign To mariners, heave high their arched backs, That thence forewarn'd they may advise to save Their threaten'd vessel; so, at intervals, To ease the pain, his back some sinner show'd, Then hid more nimbly than the lightning-glance. E'en as the frogs, that of a watery moat Stand at the brink, with the jaws only out, Their feet and of the trunk all else conceal'd, Thus on each part the sinners stood; but soon
1" Tabour, a drum, is mentioned as one of the instruments of martial music in this battle (in Richard Cœur-de-Lion) with characteristical
propriety. It was imported into the European armies from the Saracens in the holy war." Warton's "Hist. of English Poetry," v. i. § 4, p. 167.
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