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CYCLOPEDIA OF

AMERICAN HORTICULTURE

COMPRISING SUGGESTIONS FOR CULTIVATION OF HORTI-
CULTURAL PLANTS, DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES OF
FRUITS, VEGETABLES, FLOWERS AND ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
SOLD IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA, TOGETHER
WITH GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

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COLLABORATORS

I. PARTIAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE CYCLOPEDIA

The asterisk designates the contributors to the third volume. proofs and in other ways.

ADAMS, GEO. E., Asst. Horticulturist, R. I. Exp.
Sta., Kingston, R. I. (Rhode Island. Rhubarb.)
AMES, OAKES, Asst. Dir. Botanic Garden, and
Instructor in Botany in Harvard Univ., Cam-
bridge, Mass. (Several genera of Orchids.)
*ANDREWS, D. M., Nurseryman, Boulder, Colo.
(Enothera. Opuntia. Native western plants,
especially hardy Cacti.)

ARCHDEACON & Co., Commission merchants, New
York, N. Y. (Mushroom.)

ARNOLD, Jr., GEO., Florist, Rochester, N. Y.
(China Aster.)

*ATKINS, F. L., Florist, Rutherford, N. J.
(Platycerium.)

ATKINSON, GEO. F., Prof. of Botany, Cornell
Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. (Mushroom.)
BALMER, Prof. J. A., Horticulturist, Wash. Exp.
Sta., Pullman, Wash. (Washington.)
*BARCLAY, F. W., Gardener, Haverford, Pa. (Bot-

any and cultivation of Herbaceous Perennials.) BARNES, CHARLES R., Prof. of Plant Physiology, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, Ill. (Fertilization. Flower. Teratology. Has read many proofs of physiological subjects.)

BARNES, WILLIAM H., Secretary Kans. State
Hort. Soc., Topeka, Kans. (Kansas.)
BAYERSDORFER, H., Dealer in florists' supplies,
Philadelphia, Pa. (Everlasting flowers.)
BEACH, Prof. S. A., Horticulturist, N. Y. Exp.
Sta., Geneva, N. Y. (Corn. Thinning.)
BEADLE, C. D., Botanist and horticulturist, Bilt-
more, N. C. (Bamboo.)

BEAL, Prof. W. J., Mich. Agric. College, Agri-
cultural College, Mich. (Grass. Has read
proofs of many genera of grasses.)

BECKERT, THEO. F., Florist, Allegheny City, Pa. (Bougainvillæa.)

*BERCKMANS, P. J., Pomologist and nurseryman,

Augusta, Ga. (Lawns for the South. Magnolia. Melia. Michelia. Persimmon. Pomegranate. Has read proof of many groups of importance in the South.)

*BESSEY, CHARLES E., Prof. of Botany, Univ. of

Nebr., Lincoln, Nebr. (Plant. Trees for the Plains. Has read several articles on grasses and native plants.)

Many of the contributors have also assisted in reading

BLAIR, Prof. J. C., Horticulturist, Ill. Exp. Sta.,
Champaign, Ill. (Greenhouse Glass. Illinois.)
*Brandegee, Mrs. KATHARINE, Botanist, editor of
Zoë, San Diego, Calif. (Several genera of
Cacti, as Mammillaria, Melocactus, Pelecyphora,
Pereskia, Phyllocactus, Pilocereus, Rhipsalis.)
*BRANDEGEE, T. S., Botanist, San Diego, Calif.
(Nolina.)

*BRAUNTON, ERNEST, Landscape gardener, Los
Angeles, Calif. (Nerium, Palms, Phoenix,
Pittosporum, and other plants cultivated in
California.)

BRUCKNER, NICHOL N., Dreer's Nursery, River-
ton, N. J. (The article " Fern." Many groups
of tender ferns.)

BUDD, J. L., Prof. Emeritus of Horticulture, Iowa
Agric. Coll., Ames, Ia. (Roses for the Prairie
States. Has read proof of Iowa and of articles
on important fruits.)

BUFFUM, Prof. B. C., Horticulturist, Wyo. Exp.
Sta., Laramie, Wyo. (Wyoming.)
*BURBANK, LUTHER, Plant-breeder, Santa Rosa,
Calif. (Nicotunia. Has read proofs of Gladi-
olus, etc.)

BURNETTE, Prof. F. H., Horticulturist, La. Exp. Sta, Baton Rouge, La. (Louisiana.) *BURRILL, T. J., Prof. of botany and horticulture, Univ. of Ill., Urbana, Ill. (Protoplasm.) *BUTZ, Prof. GEO. C., Horticulturist, Pa. Exp. Sta., State College, Pa. (Carnation. Pennsylvania.)

*CAMERON, ROBERT, Gardener, Botanic Garden of

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. (Various articles and much help on rare plants. Alpinia, Campanula, Echinocactus, Nemophila, Primula, etc.)

*CANNING, EDWARD J., Gardener, Smith College, Botanic Gardens, Northampton, Mass. (Many articles and much help on rare and difficult plants. Anthurium. Echinocactus. Epiphyllum. Gloxinia. Peat. Puya.)

CARD, Prof. FRED W., Horticulturist, R. I. Exp.

Sta., Kingston, R. I. (Nebraska. Botany and
culture of bush-fruits, as Amelanchier, Berberis,
Blackberry, Buffalo Berry, Currant, Loganberry,
Raspberry.)

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CLINKABERRY, HENRY T., Gardener, Trenton, N. J. (Certain orchids, as Lælia.) *COATES, LEONARD, Fruit-grower, Napa City, Calif. (Olive. Orange. Has helped on other fruits.) *COCKERELL, T. D. A., Entomologist, East Las Vegas, N. M. (New Mexico.)

*COLLINS, JOHN S., Fruit-grower, Moorestown, N. J. (Pear.)

*CONARD, HENRY S., Fellow in Botany, Univ. of

Pa., Philadelphia, Pa. (Nymphæa.) *Cook, O. F., Special Agent for Tropical Agriculture, Div. of Botany, Dept. of Agric., Washington, D. C. (Coffee. Paritium. Help on Porto Rico.)

CORBETT, Prof. L. C., Horticulturist, W. Va. Exp. Sta., Morgantown, W. Va. (West Virginia.)

*COULSTON, Mrs. M. B., Formerly assistant

editor of Garden and Forest, Ithaca, N. Y. (Various native plants.)

COULTER, JOHN M., Professor and Head of the

Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois. (Echinocactus.)

*COWELL, Prof. JOHN F., Dir. Buffalo Botanic Garden, West Seneca, N. Y. (Odontoglossum. Phormium.)

COWEN, J. H., formerly Assistant in Horticulture,

Colo. Exp. Sta., died 1900. (Certain Colorado plants, as Lepachys, Leucocrinum. Verbena.) *CRAIG, JOHN, Prof. of Extension Teaching in Agric., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. (Canada. Gooseberry. Kale. Kohlrabi. Pomology. Quince. Rape.)

CRAIG, ROBERT, Florist, Philadelphia, Pa. (Araucaria Ardisia. Codicum.)

CRAIG, W. N., Gardener, North Easton, Mass. (Mushroom.)

CRANDALL, Prof. C. S., Div. of Forestry, U. S.

Dept. Agric., Washington, D. C. (Colorado.) *CULBERTSON, H., El Cajon Packing Co., El Cajon, Calif. (Peach.)

CUSHMAN, E. H., Gladiolus specialist, Sylvania, Ohio. (Gladiolus.)

*DARLINGTON, H. D., Wholesale florist, specialist in heaths and hard-wooded plants, Flushing, N. Y. (Epacris. Leptospermum. Pimelea. Has read proof of many articles on hard-wooded plants.) *DAVIS, K. C., Botanist, State Normal School, St.

Cloud, Minn. (All genera in Ranunculaceæ, e. g., Clematis, Nigella, Pæonia, Ranunculus.) *DAVY, J. BURTT, Asst. Botanist, Univ. of Calif.

Exp. Sta., Berkeley, Calif. (Acacia. Callistemon. Eugenia. Eucalyptus. Maytenus. Various Myrtaceœ. Pittosporum. Psidium.) *DEAN, JAMES, Florist, Bay Ridge, N. Y. (Nephrolepis.)

DEANE, WALTER, Botanist, Cambridge, Mass. (Herbarium. Has helped on various botanical problems.)

*DEWEY, LYSTER H., Div. of Botany, Dept. of Agric., Washington, D. C. (Mentha. Phytolacca.)

DORNER, FRED, Carnation specialist, Lafayette, Ind. (Carnation.)

DORSETT, P.H., Associate Physiologist and Patholo

gist, Dept. of Agric., Washington, D.C. (Violet.) *DOUGLAS, THOS. H., of R. Douglas' Sons, nurserymen and specialists in conifers, Waukegan, Ill. (Larix. Picea. Pseudotsuga.) *DREW, E. P., Manager Rocky River Nursery, Clifton Park, O. (Picea.)

*DUGGAR, B. M., Asst. Prof. of Botany (Plant Physiology), Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. (Photosynthesis. Physiology of Plants. Pollen.) DUNNING, D. M., Amateur, Auburn, N.Y. (Grapes under Glass.)

DUPUY, LOUIS, Wholesale florist and specialist in hard-wooded plants, Whitestone, L. I. (Erica. Has read other articles on heath-like plants.) *EARLE, Prof. F. S., Horticulturist, Ala. Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Ala. (Alabama. Packing.)

*EARLE, PARKER, Horticulturist, Roswell, N. M. (New Mexico.)

EGAN, W. C., Amateur, Highland Park, Ill. (Eremurus. Has helped on hardy plants.) *EISELE, Jacob D., Manager of Dreer's Nursery, Riverton, N. J. (Cordyline. Pandanus. Has read proofs of several important subjects.) ELLIOTT, WILLIAM H., Florist, Brighton, Mass. (Asparagus plumosus.)

EMERY, S. M., Manhattan, Mont. (Montana.) ENDICOTT, JOHN, Bulb-grower, Canton, Mass. (Littonia.)

ENDICOTT, W. E., Teacher, Canton, Mass. (Achimenes. Acidanthera. Ixia. Has made important corrections in many articles on bulbs.) EVANS, WALTER H., Office of Exp. Stations, Dept. of Agric., Washington, D. C. (Alaska.) FAWCETT, WM., Director Dept. Public Gardens and Plantations, Kingston, Jamaica. (Tropical fruits, as Cherimoya, Marmalade Plum, Egg Fruit, Mango, Mangosteen, and others.) *FERNOW, Prof. B. E., Director College of Forestry, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. (Conifers. Forestry. Pine.)

FINLAYSON, KENNETH, Gardener, Brookline, Mass. (Diosma.)

*FLETCHER, Prof. S. W., Horticulturist, Wash. Ex. Sta., Pullman, Wash. (Ipomea and various other Convolvulaceæ. Helianthus and related genera. Nemophila. Nierembergia. Nolana. Pollination.)

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