The Silurian, Devonian and Irvine Formations of East-central Kentucky |
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The Silurian, Devonian and Irvine Formations of East-Central Kentucky August Frederick Foerste No preview available - 2016 |
The Silurian, Devonian and Irvine Formations of East-Central Kentucky August Frederic Foerste No preview available - 2016 |
The Silurian, Devonian and Irvine Formations of East-Central Kentucky August Frederic Foerste No preview available - 2016 |
Common terms and phrases
Alger clay Alumina analyses argillaceous base Bath county Berea Black shale Boyle county Brassfield bed Brassfield limestone calyx cent chert Cincinnati geanticline Clay City clay rock Clinton CO-NE color contains corallites corallum Crab Orchard bed Crab Orchard clay deposition Devonian black shale Devonian limestone Dix river Duffin layer Estill clay Estill Springs exposure fauna feet thick ferric oxide ferruginous fossils Geological position half a mile inches thick Indian Fields iron Jeffersonville Junction City Kentucky large crinoid beads Lick limestone layers Linney lower Lulbegrud clay Madison county Magnesia magnesium carbonate Massive limestone mile east mile north mile south miles southwest millimeters north of Estill north of Irvine occur Ohio Oldham limestone Orchard clay shale Ordovician Panola peneplain pike Plate Platystrophia Plum creek clay poorly exposed railroad Richmond road sandy septa silica Silurian southeast species specimens Spirifer stone strata sulphate tabulæ thin limestone upper Waco horizon Waco limestone Zaphrentis
Popular passages
Page 10 - I havo the houor to herewith transmit for publication a bulletin, prepared by Professor Aug. F. Foerste, on the Silurian, Devonian and Irvine Formations of East-Central Kentucky, with an account of their clays, limestones, mineral waters and water horizons. The report is divided into three parts. Part I. deals with the classifications of the several formations, and with the geographic distribution of their subdivisions, in accordance with the better knowledge of them that has been acquired since...
Page 150 - Some of the layers are sparingly crinoidal, but with crinoid stems or segments of stems of small diameter. The lowest layer of the Brassfield bed includes numerous rounded, black pebbles and grains, possibly phosphatic, varying in size from an eighth to a quarter of an inch; a few equal even as much as an inch in diameter. Immediately below, the top of the Ordovician is exposed. The upper part of the Brassfield bed exposure contains the following fossils: Orthis flabellilcx.
Page 273 - ... for which use they are adapted because of the pleasant tints they assume in calcination. They owe these tints to their considerable proportion of iron oxide, which, together with their large proportion of potash, renders them unavailable as fire-clays. This very circumstance, however, may fit them for stone-ware, and for superior kinds of hard, burnt, semi-fused, ornamental pottery in the hands of skillful workmen and artists.
Page 235 - F., in order that the articles made from the clay may be raised to th>± temperature of incipient fusion or vitrification without any danger of the temperature rising sufficiently to approach complete fusion, which, of course, would cause the articles formed from the clay to lose their shape, stick together, and become altogether useless. High-grade terra cotta work is now made from a mixture of fire-clays which burn to a buff color. The Silurian clays here under discussion are not fire-clays, and...
Page 267 - The considerable proportions of the iron oxide, lime, potash, and soda prevent this clay from being refractory in the fire. But while it is therefore unfit for the manufacture of fire-bricks, it will yet answer well for ordinary pottery, terra cotta work, or tiles.
Page 284 - York, produces an exceptionally good quality of roofing shingle. Since roofing tiles or shingles are to be used in order to shed water, their degree of porosity or permeability to water is of the highest importance. The value of roofing shingles may be tested as follows : Heat the shingle to be tested to a temperature of 212 degrees F., then place on it a tin tube, whose diameter is five inches and whose height is eight inches. This should be fastened to the tile by means of wax applied to the outside...
Page 235 - F., and should burn hard at a temperature of not over 2,000 degrees F. The Silurian clays here discussed have not been tested as yet as to their fusibility. It is probable that a good quality of pressed brick might be made out of these clays, but the color would be deep red and the brick would not be as hard as the pressed bricks made of more refractory material. The clay from the CL Searcy farm shows a distinctly higher percentage of silica, and a distinctly smaller per cent.
Page 229 - From Irvine, along the road an eighth of a mile north of Estill Springs, and an eighth of a mile south of James Harris; Estill county. Geological position: Lulbegrud clay, collected from two to thirteen feet below the massive two-foot layer which forms the base of the Waco formation. This is the middle clay of the Crab Orchard bed. Collected by AF Foerste, 1904. * Analysis, sample air dried: Per cent. Moisture 1.98 Ignition (combined water, etc.) 6.12 Silica 58.82 Alumina 18.14 Ferric oxide 4.83...
Page 273 - Clay. From the land of James Walker Lewis, two miles southeast of Bobtown, about one hundred yards to the left of the Big Hill pike, almost opposite the blacksmith shop. Geological position: Bed four to five feet thick, resting on Silurian clay shale. Sample of the upper ten inches. Collected by Moritz Fischer, June 21, 1884.
Page 257 - For convenience, mineral waters' may be divided into several classes. Alkaline waters are those which contain as principal ingredients the carbonates of the alkaline earths, calcium and magnesium, and the carbonates of the alkalies, potassium and sodium. Waters of this class usually contain considerable sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate, and small amounts of the chlorides and sulphates. If much sodium carbonate is present, the water has a greasy touch. Such waters are regarded as diuretic, producing...