Why this so rare? Because forgot of all the day of death. And what if I call my servants, and give thee to their charge? What though the places of their rest
No priestly knee hath ever pressed?
Men in their loose unguarded hours they take;
Not that themselves are wise, but others weak.
Not but they thought me worth a ransom, but they were not safe when I was there.
How blessings brighten as they take their flight! Great God! that such a father should be mine!
O for that warning voice, which he who saw The Apocalypse heard cry in Heaven aloud!
Alas both for the deed and for the cause!
Phoebus! what a name to fill the speaking trump of future fame!
What a cold-blooded rascal it is!
O that I had her here, to tear her limb-meal!
If the malignant eye of her father had seen them at the moment!
How if I thrust my hand into your breast and tore your heart out?
UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA.
The references are to paragraphs.
a or an, indefinite article, 219-21; other values, 221.
a, relic of preposition, 221, 313 ƒ, 456. a, prefix, 225 b.
abbreviation of expression, 482-507; its purpose, 482-3; when used, 484; in co- ordinate clauses, 485-8; aid of conjunc- tions, 486-8; in dependent clauses, 489, 491; in question and answer, 490; sub- stitution for words repeated, 492-3; abbreviation in clauses of comparison, 330 d, 450 b, 494; omission of parts of sentence, 495; various cases, 496-7; ab- breviation for impressiveness, 498; inter- jectional constructions and phrases, 499- 503; resulting changes of grammatical character and idioms, 504 - 8. ablative or "from "- case, 399. -able, suffix, 193 a, c.
absolute construction of noun with ad- junct, 395-7, 461; being etc. as its aux- iliary, 461.
abstract nouns, 111, 118a; relation of in- finitive to, 447.
accusative case, 72, 366; accusative-objec- tive, 140-and see objective. active conjugation, active voice, 301, 361. addition, dependent clause of, 437, 473, 476. adjective, definition and use, 35, 37 -9, 190- 1; descriptive and limiting, 191; simple, derivative, and compound, 192-4; di- vision into classes, 195; adjectives of quality, 196-203; pronominal adjectives, 204-11; numerals, 212-8; articles, 219- 21-inflection of adjectives, 76, 196; comparison, 77-8, 197-202:-adjective
constructions: predicate, 40, 351-7; at- tributive, 373-4, 378; appositive, 376- 8; qualified by adverbs, 41, 308-9, 381: - adjective used as noun, 144, 203, 315, 322; as adverb, 203, 313 d; use of noun as adjective, 203; of adverb, 203, 382; of possessive, 388; of prepositional phrase, 401, 404; of clause, 421 :- parsing of ad- jectives, pp. 96-7.
adjective-clause, 421, 423, 429-30. adjective-phrase, prepositional, 401, 404. adjuncts, of subject or predicate, 407. adnominal value of possessive case, 386. adverb, definition and use, 41-2, 308-9, 380-3; restrictions on use, 309; relation to preposition and conjunction, 310; di- vision into classes, 311; simple, deriva- tive, and compound, 312-4; compari- son, 79, 316; used as adjective, 203, 382; as object of preposition, 145, 322; use of adjective as adverb, 203, 313 d; of prep- ositional phrase, 315, 402-4; of clause, 420; relation of adverb to predicate ad- jective, 354; parsing of adverbs, p. 142. adverb-clause, 420, 423, 431-3; division into classes, 432.
adverb-phrase, 315, 322, 402-4. adverbial object of verb, 392. adverbial objective construction of noun,
390-4; of clause, 434 f; infinitive, 448. adverbial predicate adjective, 355; partici- ple, 456; with absolute noun, 395, 406. adversative conjunctions, 329. agreement, 60; of verb with subject, 60, 62, 346; of adjective with noun, 76; of predicate pronoun and subject, 356-7; and object, 371, 451; of appositive noun, 379.
-al, suffix, 193 a.
along, alongside, 504. alternative conjunctions, 329. alternative question, 467.
an or a, article, 219 – 221. -ance, suffix, 95.
and, makes compound subject etc., 348 c,
Anglo-Saxon, oldest English, 8. antecedent of a relative word, 175, 433; demonstrative as antecedent, 167. apposition -see appositive. appositive construction of noun, 375; of adjective, 376; of clause, 454d; of par- ticiple, 457-8; sometimes equivalent to dependent clause, 458-60; being as ap- positive auxiliary, 457. appositive genitive, 385 c. articles, 52, 195, 219-21.
Aryan or Indo-European family of lan- guages, 3.
as, conjunction of comparison, 330 d; ab- breviated constructions with, 186, 450 b, 494-5.
as if, as though, conjunction-phrases, 494. ask, with indirect object, 365.
assertion, made only by verb, 28, 40, 222, 340; verb of mere assertion, copula, 353 a. assertive sentence, 22, 338-9, 463; used interrogatively, 472; imperatively, 478. attributive construction of adjective, 373- 4; of noun, 377; of participle, 455. auxiliary verbs, in verb-phrases, 280-305.
bad and good English, 10.
bare sentence, 25, 341-9; bare and com- plete predicate and subject, 30, 405-7. base of inflection, 87.
be, conjugation of, 230, 234, 237, 273; cop- ula between subject and predicate noun or adjective, 40, 353 a; auxiliary of pro- gressive verb-phrases, 281; of passive, 298-302.
be-, prefix, 225 b, 313 ƒ, 504. because, 504.
become, 303, 504.
being or having been, as auxiliary of ap- positive construction, 457; of abso- lute, 461.
both as conjunction, 506.
but, elliptical constructions of, 187, 496.
cardinal numerals, 212-5.
case, in noun and pronoun, 68-75; in other languages, 69, 399:- and see nomi- native, possessive, objective, vocative, dative, genitive.
causal conjunctions, 329.
causative derivative verbs, 96, 225 c. change or growth of language, 7; change of grammatical character of words, 504, 506.
clause, definition, 415; dependent and in- dependent, 416-7; co-ordinate, 417-8, 425; combination of clauses into sen- tences, 416-28; adjective, adverb, and substantive clauses, 429-37; equiva- lence of infinitive and participle con- structions with clauses, 458-9. cognate object of verb, 362 a. collective nouns, 114; plural verb with, 348 b.
command, expression of, 22, 55, 463 474-9. common nouns, 113.
comparative conjunctions, 330 d; their constructions, 330 d, 494.
comparative degree, in adjectives and ad- verbs, 77-9, 197 – 202, 316. comparative philology, 507. comparative pronouns, 189; pronominal adjectives, 211.
comparison of adjectives, 77-8, 197-202; of adverbs, 79, 316.
complement of predicate or subject, 30,
complete and incomplete sentence, 482-3. complete subject or predicate, 26, 30, 407. complex sentence, 412, 424-8; compound- complex, 426-8.
composition of words, 102-6.
compound member of a sentence, 487. compound relative pronouns, 181-3; pro- nominal adjectives, 210; use in making substantive clauses, 435 a.
compound sentence, 412, 419, 426-8; com- pound-complex, 426-8; question of compound sentence or clause and com- pound predicate, 487.
compound words, formation of, 102-6; compound nouns, 117, 119; their inflec- tion, 130, 137; compound pronouns, 164, 183; adjectives, 194; verbs, 226; ad- verbs, 314; prepositions, 325. conditional inverted clause, 471.
conditional verb-phrases, 287, 290. conjugation of verb, 66-7, 227-307; Old
and New conjugations, 239-75; pas- sive, 297-305.
conjunction, definition and use, 47-8,
327; uninflected, 79-80; relation to adverbs and prepositions, 310, 331, 434; co-ordinating and subordinating conjunc- tions and their classes, 328-30; sim- ple and derivative, 331; conjunction- phrases, 433; abbreviation by aid of con- junctions, 486-9, 491; compound mem- bers of sentences, 47, 327, 486-7; pars- ing of conjunctions, p. 151. conjunctive pronouns -see relative. connectives, parts of speech serving as, 439, 410, 415.
construction, meaning of, p. 62.
continuous or progressive verb-phrases- see progressive.
co-ordinate clauses, 417, 425; their abbre- viation, 485-8.
co-ordinate members of a sentence, 327, 485-8.
co-ordinating conjunctions, classes, 329 ; use, 329, 418, 486 - 8.
copula, be, 353 a; its omission, 489. copulative conjunctions, 329. correlative conjunctions, 329; adverb and conjunction, 433. crude-form or base, 87.
dative or dative-objective case, 139-40, 366-8.
declension, of noun and pronoun, 75; of nouns, 120-42; of pronouns, 154-60, 166, 170, 189.
degrees of comparison - - see comparison. demonstrative pronouns, 166-8; pronom- inal adjectives, 208; adverbs, 313 e. denominative derivative verbs, 225 d. dependent clause, 416, 420 - 8; co-ordinate, 425; abbreviated, 489, 491, 494; exclama- tory, 481, 501; of addition, 437. derivation of one word from another, 88- 101, 106; by suffix, 89-96; by inter- nal change, 96-7; by transfer without change, 98-9; by prefix, 100 - 1. derivative nouns, 117-8; adjectives, 193; verbs, 225; adverbs, 313; prepositions, 325; conjunctions, 331; interjections,335.
descriptive compound nouns, 119 e; their
plural, 130.
dialects of English, 9.
diminutives (nouns), 116.
direct and indirect object of verbs, 140, 363-8.
directly as conjunction, 330 a, 504. distributive indefinite pronouns, 189; pro-
nominal adjectives, 211.
do, auxiliary of emphatic verb-phrase, 279- 80, 474; substitute for repeated verb,
-ed or -d, suffix, 95, 193 a, c, 194 c, 240. either and neither as conjunctions, 506. ellipsis, 483; treatment in parsing, 505. emotional or passionate expression, 484, 498. emphatic verb-phrases, 279-80, 293, 299, 474.
-en or -n, participial suffix, 95, 193 c, 240. -en, verb-making suffix, 95, 225 a, b; ad- jective-making, 193 a.
English grammar, 11; how and why to be studied, 13-5.
English language, whence derived and where used, 1, 2, 5; its relations, 3; mixture with French etc., 4; changes, 6-8; local varieties of present use, 9- 10; good and bad English, 10; treatment in grammar, 11; study of its history, 106, 507.
-er, suffix of derivative noun, 95, 118 d, e; of comparative degree, 96, 193 b, 201. -ess, suffix, 96, 118 b.
-est, suffix of superlative, 96, 193 b, 201. etymology, 507.
exclamatory interrogative clause, 481; de- pendent, 501.
exclamatory use of interrogative and other words, 173, 335, 500.
factitive or objective predicate - see ob- jective.
factitive use of verbs, 362 b, 370. feminine gender-noun, 115, 118b; pronoun, 159-60.
first person, 61, 153; pronoun of, 155-7. -fold, suffix, 218. for, conjunction, 504. foreign nouns, plural of, 126.
form, grammatical, p. 62. fractional numerals, 217. French in English, 4.
-ful, suffix, 91, 193 a; same as full, 102. future verb-phrases, 282 -6.
gender in nouns, 115; in pronouns, 159-62. genitive or possessive case, 68 etc. (see pos- sessive); subjective, objective, and ap- positive, 385; use with infinitive in ing as subject, 446, 459.
Germanic languages, related to English, 3. Germany, derivation of English from, 2. gerund, 237.
get, 303, 504.
good and bad English, 10.
government, 60; of verb by subject, 60, 62, 346; of object by verb or preposition, 74, 320, 359, 398; of adjective by noun, 76; of noun in possessive case by other noun, 387.
grammar, its office, 10-2; study, 13-5. grammatical and logical subject, 163 a, 317, 434 a, 443.
grammatical character of a word changed
by abbreviation or otherwise, 504-6. growth or change of language, 7, 507.
had rather etc., 441 c, 450 e.
have, auxiliary, forming "perfect" verb- phrases, 288-9, 292, 454.
have to, obligative, 450 d.
-head, suffix, 118 a.
-hood, suffix, 96, 118 a.
how if, 496.
-ic, suffix, 193 a.
idioms, 507.
imperative mode, 65, 233-4, 474; phrases, 474; person, 475; let as imperative aux- iliary, 477; relation to interjection and vocative, 502.
imperative sentence, 22, 55, 338-9, 463, 474-80.
impersonal subject and object it, 163 b, 362 c.
impersonal verbs, 307, 348 a. in-, prefix, 193 d.
incomplete expression, 482-3. indeclinable words, 79. indefinite article, 219, 221. indefinite numerals, 211.
indefinite pronouns, 188-9; pronominal adjectives, 211.
indefinite relative pronouns and adjectives, 183, 210; abbreviated construction with, 434.
independent clause, 417.
independent parts of speech, 36, 49. indicative mood, 65, 233-4.
indirect object of verb, 139-40, 364-8. Indo-European family of languages, Eng- lish a member of, 3. -ine, suffix, 118 b.
infinitive, verbal noun, 146, 235-7, 438-9; infinitive-phrases, 294, 439; its "sign to, 237; when used or omitted, 440-1; infinitive constructions, 442-51; as sub- ject, predicate, object, 443-7; of intent or end, 448; adverbial objective, 448; with objective as subject, 449; with sub- jective genitive, 446.
inflection, 56-7, 66-7; of verb, 59-67; of noun and pronoun, 58, 68-75; of ad- jective and adverb, 76-80; methods of change in inflection, 81-6; base of in- flection, 87:- and see the different parts of speech.
-ing, suffix, 95, 118 ƒ, 193 c, 237. instrumental or "with" - case, 399. interjection, definition and use, 50-1, 332- 3; classes, 334; from other parts of speech, 335, 500; combination with oth- er words, 336, 499; relation to vocative and imperative, 502; parsing, p. 153. interjectional phrases, 503. internal change, derivation by, 96-7, 225 c;
inflection by, 83-4, 125 a, 240, 245, 257. interrogative pronouns, 169-73; pronomi- nal adjectives, 209; adɣerbs, 313 e; use in questions, 468, 470; exclainatory use, 173, 481; use as relatives, 174. interrogative sentence, 22, 54, 338-9, 463- 73; kind and answer, 464-9; arrange- ment, 465, 470-2; as dependent clause, 473; exclamatory use, 481.
intransitive verb, 223, 360-1; passive from, 305, 392; object taken by, 362, 370. invariable parts of speech, 79. inverted order of sentence, 471.
irregular or Old conjugation - see Old. irregular verbs, list of, p. 135.
is being etc., 299, 456.
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