cated that sums of money have been used already for the development of post-war work on five reservoirs in the Connecticut River system; Claremont, Sugar Hill or the alternate Bethlehem Junction project, Williamsville, Union Village, and Tully.

Have studies been made on one or two others also?

Mr. BEARD. Studies have been made of other projects as part of our survey work, Mr. Clason. We have not yet gone into detailed studies, which Colonel Goethals refers to as definite project studies, on other dams.

Mr. CLASON. But on those five dams you have given individual studies with a view to definite projects.

Mr. BEARD. Yes, sir. That is an intermediate step between a survey report which comes to this committee and our plans and specifications that the contractor bids on.

Mr. CLASON. Now, if the authorization goes through and the funds are made available, the $30,000,000 plus what has already been authorized, you would anticipate that work would start in the post-war period on five or six dams immediately following the war.

Colonel GOETHALS. If the Appropriations Committee gives us the necessary amount, sir; yes.

Mr. CLASON. In other words, the studies will be far enough advanced so that work would be started on five or six reservoirs at the same time?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes. That is what we are aiming for.

Mr. CLASON. And that would furnish a backlog of man-hours of labor which would be available for persons out of employment during that transition period, which will follow the war.

Colonel GOETHALS. That is correct, sir.

Mr. CLASON. Does this type of construction require a lot of manpower?

Colonel GOETHALS. For the expenditure involved, it is a gravitytype dam and it takes the usual amount for work of that type. We have not yet reached the point of breaking down the number of man-hours required in our studies.

Mr. CLASON. But the five or six dams to be undertaken would provide employment for a large number of men?

Colonel GOETHALS. They provide a considerable amount of employment; yes.

Mr. CLASON. That is all I care to ask.

The CHAIRMAN. Colonel Goethals, how far from the main stem of the Connecticut River, or this West River, is this proposed Williamsville Dam?

Colonel GOETHALS. About 52 miles. It is where that short black horizontal line is, near the lower right-hand corner of the map.

The CHAIRMAN. What, generally, is the type of the terrain where it is proposed to construct this dam now?

Colonel GOETHALS. It is a narrow, rocky gorge.

The CHAIRMAN. Are there any other dams under consideration farther up on the same tributary?

Colonel GOETHALS. No, sir. They have been investigated but discarded.

The CHAIRMAN. From your examination and your reports up to this time, is it not true that one dam at the indicated site can be constructed more economically and with more flood-control benefits than

numerous dams along the upper stretches or tributaries of the West River?

Colonel GOETHALS. Absolutely true.

The CHAIRMAN. How many acres of land in this gorge would be required, first, for the 218 feet or flood-control reservoir?

Colonel GOETHALS. For the low reservoir, 2,460 acres.

The CHAIRMAN. When you say "low reservoir," do you mean the reservoir that would be constructed of the truncated type so that an additional 82 feet could be added?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir; or the reservoir that might be constructed merely for flood-control purposes and without ever raising it. The CHAIRMAN. And how high would it be?

Colonel GOETHALS. The same.

The CHAIRMAN. 218 feet?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir; because you need the same amount of storage.

The CHAIRMAN. And that would require an area of about 2,400 acres?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. What percentage of that would be arable and what percentage cut-over or wooded lands, or what is the type of the terrain?

Colonel GOETHALS. The terrain break-down by percentages for all acreage is 74 percent wooded, 12 percent agricultural, 8 percent pasture, 2 percent urban, 4 percent swamp.

The CHAIRMAN. What, at present, are the manufacturing or other plants along this gorge above the site of the proposed dam up as far as the end of the reservoir?

Colonel GOETHALS. Very unimportant. Those are very small villages that I just now indicated, and there is no important manufacturing in that area.

The CHAIRMAN. When you say 74 percent is cut-over land, do you mean the principal timbers have been cut off there and it is just small timber?

Colonel GOETHALS. I mean presently wooded when I said wooded

area.

The CHAIRMAN. Presently wooded.

Colonel GOETHALS. Presently wooded; yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Would any villages be overflowed by the reservoir either for power or for flood control?

Colonel GOETHALS. If the high dam is built, there would be a small amount of disruption of the existing communities.

The CHAIRMAN. How many acres would be required in that event? Colonel GOETHALS. The number of acres for the high dam?

The CHAIRMAN. Yes.

Colonel GOETHALS. Five thousand four hundred and thirty acres. The CHAIRMAN. What percentage would that be, speaking now of terrain?

Colonel GOETHALS. They are almost the same. Wooded, 76 percent; agricultural, 14; pasture, 6; urban, 2; swamp, 2.

They are almost the same.

The CHAIRMAN. When you say "pasture," and give those percentages, I am wondering if I am correct in saying that little of that land is cultivated.

Colonel GOETHALS. That is correct.

The CHAIRMAN. It is just used for pasture or grazing.
Colonel GOETHALS. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. Or for agricultural uses.

Colonel GOETHALS. No, sir; the cultivated agricultural land is all included in a separate classification.

The CHAIRMAN. Now, will any of those villages or towns be overflowed first by the 218-foot or the flood-control dam?

Colonel GOETHALS. No major community would be affected; however, the hamlet of West Dummerston would be inundated and during a major flood the lower portion of the village of Harmonyville would suffer minor inconvenience.

The CHAIRMAN. Will any other villages be overflowed; and if so, give the name of the village and the number of people involved by the high dam?

Colonel GOETHALS. Will you point those out, Mr. Beard?

The high dam would flood the hamlet of West Dummerston, with a population of 275.

The CHAIRMAN. It would be necessary to move that hamlet?
Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir; that is the only one.

minor damages which I would like to mention.

But there are

The lower portion of Williamsville, where the population is 110, the village of Harmonyville, a few houses only, where the population is 70, and also a few buildings in the lower portion of West Townshend, which has a population of 130. That is all.

The CHAIRMAN. Any highways or railways involved?

Colonel GOETHALS. The relocation of one highway generally along the west side of the reservoir, and that is taken care of in the studies and estimates made.

The CHAIRMAN. From the studies that you have made, and from your contacts with people in the hearings up there, what would be the effect of the scenic appearance of the valley above the dam and adjacent to the dam if the reservoir was constructed ultimately for power or, in the first instance, for flood control?

Colonel GOETHALS. I think, Mr. Chairman, you could liken it very well to the conditions that obtain around Lake Sunapee, N. H. It would beautify the area.

The CHAIRMAN. In other words, the scenic beauty, and I will use that term advisedly, of Vermont would not be in anywise diminished or retarded by the proposed development, but even Vermont's scenic interests might be increased by the proposed improvement?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. From your contacts and from the investigations by the office up there of the local residents on the West River Valley, whose homes and lands would be affected by the construction of the reservoir, I would like for you to tell us generally your impression as to the views of the people in that part of Vermont with respect to the proposed improvement.

Col. GOETHALS. There has been a great deal of local opposition, as could be evidenced in one of the earlier hearings this month.

On the other hand, there are local residents with whom our field men

have talked who are highly in favor of it.

The CHAIRMAN. Now, in what industries are those people who would be affected and who have protested generally up there?

Col. GOETHALS. I should say dairying and small truck-garden farming; also many summer vacationists whose principal residence is in a distant city.

The CHAIRMAN. Now, how do some of the older residents feel? My recollection is, from my past studies of history, that ex-President Taft and his family came from that part of the country, and I am wondering how they feel about it; the original inhabitants.

Colonel GOETHALS. One of them expressed himself very strongly in favor of the development of this improvement.

The CHAIRMAN. That is Mr. Charles Taft, an old resident of the valley?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. How would a man like Mr. Oscar Howe, of Brookline, Vt., who owns about 400 acres, feel?

Colonel GOETHALS. As I recall, he also endorses it highly.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. W. T. Richardson, of West Dummerston; do you recall how he feels about it?

Colonel GOETHALS. I believe he was also in favor of it, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. I understand it was his opinion that the great mass of the people in that entire valley, notwithstanding the local opposition, are favorable to the project.

Colonel GOETHALS. That is the impression our field organization received.

The CHAIRMAN. Taking the view that if this low dam should be constructed primarily for the protection of the valley below in Massachusetts and Connecticut, that the addition of 75 or 80 feet to the dam in this gorge of canyon area on the West River would provide for the development of power there, and that might make this improvement of local benefit to the people of the entire West River Valley. Colonel GOETHALS. Decidedly so.

The CHAIRMAN. And under the provisions of the Flood Control Act and under the provisions of this particular project there, as authorized in the acts of 1936 and 1941, is it not true that the engineers are required, in cooperation with the investigations and recommendations of the Power Commission in a dam for flood control, to install penstocks if it is found to be advisable?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. And the reports on this dam here are made in accordance with statutory requirements and, as you said, the present construction, whether truncated or otherwise, would be for flood control, and before any provision could be made for the development of power, it would take an additional authorization?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. With respect to the local opposition-and when I ask this question I have in mind the situation not only in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, where there are 20 of these reservoirs, but in other States, if in the future progress of development power should be generated there, does any good reason occur to you as to why the people in the State of Vermont, after power was being utilized and sold, should not participate by receiving portions of the revenue as is now provided for the States of Alabama and Tennessee, in the case of the Tennessee Valley Authority, and as I recall, is now provided for the States of Arizona and Nevada in the case of the Boulder Dam project?

Colonel GOETHALS. It has happened elsewhere, Mr. Chairman, and there is no reason why it should not apply equally here if power should be provided in the future.

The CHAIRMAN. So that in addition to the increased scenic benefits, power would provide for extending the facilities to the farms and to the surrounding people in that valley, and at the same time provision might be made, if that project be authorized for power, to increase the local revenues of the State and of the local subdivisions?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. What is the relative value of this 218-foot dam, whether constructed presently for raising the height, or whether constructed solely for a flood control dam, utilizing the same number of feet, 218-what is the relative value of that dam for flood control as compared with the other 20 dams authorized along the Connecticut River?

Colonel GOETHALS. I think I can answer that question best in this fashion by saying that of all the projects investigated so far, this has the most favorable promise of one to be selected for a future power development, if one is made, and also that if we are going to construct the future 17 reservoirs in the basin, step by step, with intervals between, this should be the next one selected to gain the maximum effect. The CHAIRMAN. I think that is all, Colonel.

Mr. CLASON. Lake Sunapee, N. H., is one of the most famous and beautiful lakes in the world; in other words, they get the additional scenic beauty as well as additional purposes from the use of the lake by raising the height of the water in the lake.

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir.

Mr. CLASON. How large a lake would this one be at Williamsville? Colonel GOETHALS. It would have an area of about 4,500 acres with the high dam; the low dam would not provide a permanent pool.

Mr. CLASON. And the water extends back from the dam how far? Colonel GOETHALS. By scale, I think that distance from the dam up to the upper reach would be roughly 12 miles. Is that right?

Mr. CLASON. So it would be a real large lake which would afford a lot of recreation facilities to a great number of people?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes; but it is a very narrow lake, as you see, with various arms and branches and a meandering centerline. Mr. CLASON. That is all.

Mr. GRIFFITHS. It is my understanding that these two types of dams naturally give the same flood protection because they are both of the same height, approximately 218 feet.

Colonel GOETHALS. The necessary height for flood control is 218 feet.

Mr. GRIFFITHS. To get the difference between building those two for the same type of flood protection, in the event that it will be raised for future use for power, is $13,000,000?

Colonel GOETHALS. Yes, sir; approximately.

Mr. GRIFFITHS. That is all.

Mr. CHAIRMAN. We are glad to have had your statement, sir, and thank you very much, Colonel.

I am inserting for the record a statement of Hon. Francis Carr, member of the Table Mountain Dam committee of the county of Shasta, Calif.