top. The upper ends of the levers m3, support the journals of a small roller p3, which bear against the warp beam g3. When the weaving commences, and the beam is full, the roller p3, is very far from its centre, and the weight k3, is near the end of the lever i3 ; as the size of the warp beam decreases, the roller p3, approaches nearer to the centre of it, and the weight 3, is moved towards the friction strap h3, thus gradually decreasing the friction on the warp beam and regulating the tension of the warp the weights 3, will be drawn backwards as fast as the warp beam decreases in size; the friction weights may be drawn back by springs, or by some other suitable contrivance, as, for instance, by weights and cords passing over pulleys, &c. as in Figs. 231, 232 and 233; any required degree of tension may be given to the warp yarn, by simply adding cast-iron quoits on the perpendicular spindles, which are screwed into the weights 3, for the purpose, as shown in the Figs.

The fifth part of the improvements consists, in a method of stopping the loom directly when the thread of weft breaks or becomes expended in the shuttle. This contrivance is applicable to what is called the stop thread motion; for which motion patents were granted several years since to Charles Cunningham, Esq., of Paris; and in England, to Messrs. Wells and Eccles, of Manchester, for another modification thereof, bearing date 5th Jan. 1838; and for another modification still, to Moses Poole, Esq., of the Patent Office, bearing date 12th May, 1839. Now, in order that the nature of this invention or improvement may be more clearly understood, it is necessary for us to describe so much of the methods employed heretofore, and just referred to, as will enable the reader to see the peculiar advantages of the present modification. Several of the parts of this mechanism are the same as in Poole and Cunningham's patents. In the patent granted to Wells and Eccles (which is described in vol. 13, new series, of London Journal of Arts and Sciences) there are two double acting levers, marked T, and U, being connected together with a small string or wire; these levers vibrate on two stud pins, which serve as their axes, and are riveted or bolted to a plate, secured or made fast to the side of the loom, directly over the threads or cords P, q; the top set of which cords is connected to that end of one of the double acting levers, marked T, which projects over them; to the opposite end of the other double acting lever, there is made fast a small knob W, which plays up and down between a piece of iron on the belt shipper, and the front of the lay: all of which will be seen in the account of Wells and Eccles' patent just alluded to. It will at once be perceived, that in this modification, the double act

ing levers T, and U, will be kept on the continual wibble-wabble (shaking-quaker fashion) when the loom is in operation, and thus the knob W, will sometimes pop itself between the shipper and the lay when the weft is not broken, or expended on the bobbin. And, if only one of the double levers T, and W, is used, and is at all connected with either the top or the bottom set of threads P, q, by means of the other small connecting threads, as in the foregoing, then, the motion will be quite as uncertain. Now, to remedy this evil, Poole's patent, of 12th May, 1839, has, instead of the double acting levers, above referred to, a small jogged piece of iron, resting on the girth of the loom and connected to the side of the shipper slide (see Fig. 225); to this jogged piece of iron is attached a set of small cords, which are connected to the under tier of the stop motion strings; by this improvement the double acting levers T, and U, (in Wells and Eccles' patent,) are done away with altogether. Poole's method is thus rendered far more certain than the other, because the jogged piece of iron, resting on the side of the loom, renders the motion more steady.

There is a series of cords q3, (see Figs. 231, 232 and 238) attached to the weights r3 (Fig. 231) and passing over the pulleys s3, through the headles or endless band t3, (Figs. 230 and 231) under the cumber-board, the headles being worked by the cam shaft-all as described in the patent granted to Moses Poole. The cords q3, after passing over the shuttle-race, instead of being all tied to one iron on the breast-beam or front board, are, as shown, half of them, or those passing through the mails in the back headle, affixed to an iron u3, that projects up in front of the breast-beam or front guard board; this iron extends down to the bottom edge of the breastbeam or front board, to which it is attached, and then turns at right angles under it, as at v3, (Figs. 231 and 238,) the end terminating in a vertical pin or turned-up party', (see Fig. 238) a little shorter than the part u3; to the top of this turned-up part y3, which has a number of holes for the purpose, the ends of the cords or cat-guts are attached. On the breast-beam, there is a strong piece of sheet-iron w3, screwed or otherwise made fast, that extends inward to the iron just described, and is attached to the breast-beam. On that end of the iron u3, next to the lay, a stud-pin projects, forming a fulcrum for a lever, (see Fig. 238 :) this lever curves up from one side of the fulcrum slightly, and thence projects under the upper set of cords q3, which cords are attached to the front end of the iron u3; on the other side of the fulcrum the lever, extends out beyond the framing and curves down, its end bearing a knob (Figs. 231 and 238). The

belt shipper a', and its catch b', (Fig. 238) are of the usual construction. On the handle of the shipper is a projecting piece c', that reaches beyond the upright of the frame. In Fig. 238, the shipper a', is represented off, and consequently the loom stopped. The shuttle at each pick passes between the upper and under cords q3, and when it enters the box it leaves the weft thread, if not broken or exhausted, across the under set; the lower set of cords are then raised, and the upper ones depressed till they meet in the centre of the shed, and are prevented from going farther by the thread of the weft; but if there is no thread left across between the sets of cords q3, they pass each other and the upper ones are brought down low enough to depress the end of the bent lever, which is under them; this elevates the knob x3, on the other end, and brings it between the lay and the projection c1, on the shipper, and throws it off, and consequently causes the loom to stop.

Fig. 239, shows as much of a power loom as will enable us to explain an improved method of taking-up the cloth; and Fig. 240 represents the apparatus detached from the loom. d', is the driving wheel, on the end of the crank shaft, taking into the wheel e', on the cam shaft; on this shaft we place an eccentric f', surrounded by a collar g', made in two parts and held together by bolts h'; to one side of the collar is connected a rod i', having a screw joint j', for receiving the end of a rod k', which works on the axis pin l ; this pin may be raised or lowered in the slot m1, of the vertical lever which has its fulcrum at n', to suit the number of picks of weft required per inch of the goods to be produced; the upper end of this lever has also a slot in it, carrying a stud-pin o1, and this stud-pin forms the axis of the click or drag p', which draws round the cloth roller as usual. Now, suppose that the loom is put into action, the eccentric f', will cause the lever m3, to oscillate, and thus a continuous rotary motion will be communicated to the cloth roller, through the medium of the click or drag p'.

Having now described the nature of the improvements, and the manner in which the same may be performed, it is to be understood that we do not limit ourself to the particular arrangement of machinery required for a loom to weave figured fabrics, as we are quite aware that different forms and arrangements will be found necessary for effecting the same objects in looms for weaving other fabrics, and to which some of these our improvements may be applied, but they will be such as any experienced workman may at once understand from the description here given, and will be governed by the nature of the loom or looms to which they are to be applied, as well as the

goods to be produced; as, for instance, the improved method of stopping the loom when the weft thread breaks, may be applied with advantage to any power loom. Nor do we mean to limit the said improvements to looms with Jacquard machinery, as they are also applicable to various other kinds of figured looms; for instance, cylinder or barrel looms, (like that described at page 182.) where a cylinder is used instead of Jacquard machinery.

Firstly, what we more particularly claim as the inventions or improvements, is the combination of the third shaft r, with the crank shaft, and cam shaft r, the Jacquard and cam shafts being driven by separate pinions on the crank shaft, in the manner and for the purpose above specified.

Secondly, we claim the combination of the double sliding cams l2, one for each of the shuttle motion treadles c2; which cams slide independently of each other from right to left, and from left to right, in order to give eight regular motions on the right and miss one, then change positions; and in connexion therewith, the two double grooved wheels or drums e, on the Jacquard shaft r. and the two regulating levers or rods f, by which the shifting or sliding motion is communicated to the double shifting cams b, constructed and arranged substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.

Thirdly, we claim the combination of the cylinder c3, with the concentric cam wheel r, working the Jacquard, for acting on the marches of the headles, in the manner and for the purpose above described; but we do not claim the cylinder c3, as new in itself, the same having been used for other purposes heretofore.

Fourthly, we claim the combination of the endless cord or band c, with the Jacquard cylinder, pulleys b, and d, and horizontal lever e, in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

Fifthly, we claim the apparatus for decreasing the tension on the friction strap, on the warp roller, as the warp unwinds; that is to say, the combination of the roller p3, and connecting rods 13, with the weights 3, in the manner and for the purpose herein described.

Sixthly, we claim the improvement in the motion to stop the loom when the weft thread or threads break or become exhausted in the shuttle, as above specified, viz: the combination of the iron u3, on the breast-beam or front-board of the loom, the turned-up end y3, and lever 3, constructed and arranged as herein made known.

The improved method of taking up the cloth represented in Figs. 239 and 240, was invented by us in the year 1531, and which we first applied to a muslin loom at the establishment of Messrs. Claude Girdwin & Co. Glasgow, Scotland.

The foregoing improvements do not constitute over one-third of our inventions in looms. We have obtained patents in the names of Poole, Cunningham, Truffaut, and others, for 25 or 30 other improvements, in the manufacture of plain, tweeled and figured goods by hand and by power, which we cannot describe in this work; indeed, these improvements are mostly applicable to power looms for weaving Carpets, Coach-lace, &c. &c; but we intend laying them before the public, along with other interesting matter, at no very distant period.

On application to the Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, Commissioner of Patents at Washington, D. C., he furnished us with the following statement of claims of the patents granted to Erastus B. Bigelow, Esq., of Lowell, Mass. Patent, dated May 16, 1812 :—

"First, I claim the placing and working of the journals t', u', v', and w', as shown in figures 1, and 3, of the accompanying drawings, above the Jacquard machine, for the purpose of keeping the knot cords straight, and thereby securing their proper action on the trap boards g', and h', when said trap boards are raised; and also the raising of one of said trap boards whilst the other descends in order to equalize the powers required to drive the loom; and in combination with this arrangement, I likewise claim the working of the card prism or polygon, by means of a cam, or other analogous device operating on, and working said card prism or polygon, when the trap boards are at rest; the respective operations herein referred to, being carried on or effected, substantially in the manner herein fully made known.

"Secondly, I claim the combination formed by the two rollers d', and e', as shown in the drawings, through which rollers the cloth passes, with the vibrating or tension roller i', which is employed to give tension to the warp, substantially as described.

"Thirdly, I claim the connecting, the vibrating or tension roller ¿1, with the machinery employed to turn the warp beam, for the purpose of regulating the action of said machinery on said warp beam, and thereby determining the quantity of warp delivered out, in the manner set forth.

"Fourthly, I claim the manner in which I construct my shuttle bores, as described under the head of my third improvement, and represented in the respective figures therein referred to, together with the modifications thereof herein made known; the said shuttle box consisting of a table, with springs and catches, and having a projecting pin on each end, which is to be received and operated upon by the reciprocating arms as described.