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Fig. 116 represents a front elevation of an improved winding apparatus, constituting the first part of the improvements; Fig. 117 is an end view; and Fig. 118 is a plan or horizontal view of the same, as seen from above. These Figs. will be sufficient to illustrate two methods of carrying this part of the invention into effect, viz. doubling from hanks, or skeins, or separate bobbins, as one side of the frame is represented having the hanks or skeins, and the other the bobbins.

The machine consists of a slight frame a, a, a, the upper part of which supports the reels b, b, b, (see Figs. 116 and 117) containing the hanks of yarn c, c, c. The lower part of the framing supports the driving shaft d, d, (see Figs. 116 and 118) upon which is keyed the pulley e3, to which driving power is to be applied. Upon this shaft d, a series of wooden drums f, ff, are also mounted, which revolve with it and drive, by friction of contact, the bobbins g, g and m, m.

Fig. 117.

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The yarns or threads being taken separately from the hanks c, c, c, two, three, or more of them are brought together, and passed through the eyes h, in the stationary guide-rail i, i; thence through the eyes or hooks h', h', on the traversing guide-rail i, i", (see Figs. 116 and 117.) These threads are then wound upon one of the bobbins g, side by side, so that the two, three, or more, will readily unwind from the bobbins, at the same speed, and thus always preserve an uniformity, in length and tension.

The guide-rails i, are traversed to and fro, in order to lay the yarn evenly upon the surfaces of the bobbins, by means of the lever k, being moved by the heart or excentric motion 7, (see Figs. 116 and 117) geared with the other end of the driving shaft.

It will be observed, by the drawing, that a similar arrangement is represented upon the other side of the machine, except that the three threads are being wound together upon the bobbin m, from off bobbins n, n, (see Figs. 117 and 118) instead of the reels b, b, or hanks c, c, c.

The apparatus necessary to perform the second part of the improvements, namely, the arranging, printing, or stamping, and reeling of the threads or yarns, intended to be woven into carpets or rugs, is shewn in longitudinal elevation at Fig. 119.

Any number of bobbins containing the yarns, are placed at a', a', upon spindles mounted (either vertically or in any other manner) in the boards b2, as a creel, the yarns from which are passed between the friction guide rollers c, c', and one, two, or more threads (ac

cording to the quality of the carpet required) are drawn through each space of the wires in the sley or reed e; say ten or twenty of such threads are passed through the reed, side by side, and form a band; a space or blank, of about the same width as the band of yarns, is then left in the reed; and again, a similar number of threads and spaces are left alternately, until the reed is filled. The ends of all the threads are then to be confined in a nipper or clasp g', and drawn tightly across the printing or stamping table h. The operation of ordinary block-printing or stamping, is now to be performed, which must be governed by the pattern paper, as in ordinary figure weaving; spots, stripes, or squares, only, are to be printed or stamped, and not any regular fancy pattern or device.

It will be necessary to have an ordinary squared or plaid pattern paper, every square or plaid of which corresponds with each two or three threads of the intended carpet, as in Fig. 111; and after the pattern, to be produced, has been carefully coloured upon the design or ruled paper, by examining the paper, the workman or printer must be governed or directed in printing or colouring the yarn.

Small blocks or types, the breadth of the band of threads, and the length required for one, two, or more loops of the carpet, when woven, must be provided, according as the pattern paper directs, and screwed up into a small hand block, like those used for marking shirts; thus, if the pattern directs one loop should be printed or stamped black, one type or block must be placed to print or stamp it, and then the number of blanks and printing types which follow, are added, until one hand block of a convenient length, is formed; the whole being screwed together; or a single block may be used, taking one or more colours from a party-coloured sieve, at the same dip, and applying it direct to the yarns.

When the entire bands or lengths of the warp threads have been printed or stamped, as they are passed over the table, they must be each distinguished by a number or letter.* After the length of threads, lying at one time upon the surface of the table h, h2, Fig. 119, has been printed or stamped, the nipper or clasp g', is to be closed on to the threads which pass over the table h, h2, in order to remove the length just printed and allow another length of the yarns to be drawn over the printing table.

The printed or stamped threads are hung upon wooden rollers to partially dry (as shown in Fig. 119) and are afterwards completely dried, by passing over the heated cylinder l'; thence they

* Instead of the waymarks or hieroglyphics used by Whytock.

proceed over guide rails m, and being there separated by upright wires, are wound into hanks upon the reels n n.

The hanks must also be carefully numbered, when taken off the reels, each hank forming only one warp thread, the entire length of the piece, the same numbers being of course employed, as previously marked in the printing; they may then be steamed, washed and dried, or otherwise treated, as in woollen printing.

When these hanks are required to form the warp threads of carpets or rugs, they are to be wound again upon bobbins, which are numbered the same as the hanks. The bobbins should then be taken in their numbered order, and in sufficient quantities to make a full warp, as we have already explained in the account of Whytock's carpet.

The bobbins a a, are now to be placed upon spindles and boards b, as just described, shown in Figs. 116, 117 and 120, beginning with thread No. 1, and passing it through the first space of the sley or reed e, and so on for the entire width; then the full warp is to be beamed on the roller ff for the loom (see Fig. 121) direct from the bobbins,-which being done, the beam of warp may be removed to a common plain cloth loom (like that shown in Fig. 120) to be woven.

Fig. 120.

Figs. 121 and 122 represent a plan and side view of a slight