TABLE IV.-Retail store proprietors and employees in 1933 according to total annual sales of stores-Continued

3. MOST RETAIL STORE WORKERS ARE IN SMALL STORES

NOTE-Vocational education for workers in retail stores will benefit more workers in the small stores than the large stores.

1 These figures and percentages are cumulative, each including the preceding.

Mr. FITZPATRICK. What proportion was sold in the large stores and the small stores?

Mr. BARNHART. Table V shows the percentage of retail sales by store size in both 1929 and 1933.

TABLE V.-Number of stores and sales by size of stores

[Sales are expressed in thousands of dollars]

Data from Census of American Business, Retail Distribution, vol. I. United States Summary: 1933

Mr. RICH. Do you have the rate of pay of the clerks in the big stores and that in the little stores?

Mr. BARNHART. No, sir.

Mr. RICH. I wish I could get that. I think you will find that the clerks in the little stores in the country get more money than the clerks in the big stores.

Mr. FITZPATRICK. Is that the reason why there isn't such a profit?

COMPARISON OF SALARIES PAID IN SMALL STORES WITH THOSE OF LARGE CORPORATIONS

Mr. RICH. They take care of their own people in the little stores better than these large corporations in the big stores.

I want to tell you right here, and I want to say this for the record, that if we don't do something to protect the little fellow in the little store, these big fellows are just going to clean them up.

Mr. FITZPATRICK. I am glad to hear you talking that way.

Mr. RICH. I am opposed to the big fellows in business when they don't do the right thing.

Mr. FITZPATRICK. They have no interest in the community what

ever.

Mr. RICH. Absolutely.

Mr. BARNHART. The program that is proposed by section 2 of the George-Deen Act is mainly a program for helping the workers' especially the managers in the stores with less than $50,000 sales.

Mr. RICH. I wish you could collect information as to what these big fellows are paying their clerks. I am not speaking of the managers, but what they are paying their clerks in the stores as compared to what they are paying the clerks in the little stores. I am sure that you will find that the little fellows take care of their people a whole lot better than the big ones do.

Mr. BARNHART. According to a Federal Trade Commission report on chain stores covering 1 week of January 10, 1931, independent grocery stores reported an average weekly wage of employes of $18.57, whereas chains in the same field reported an average weekly wage of $15.51. In the case of grocery and meat stores the independents paid $21.22 while the chains paid $18.11, and for drugs independents paid $23.88 and chain stores paid $20.91. Independents include depart

ment stores.

We are unable to get specific data, in the manner in which you request it, for stores of $50,000 and less.

The program that we envisoned under this new authorization of section 2 of the George-Deen Act is a program to be primarily for the salespeople in all kinds of stores and the managers in the small stores, those with sales less than $50,000 a year. It is mostly the small-store employees who are going to be reached. The program will help all these small-store distributive workers to do their jobs better and will provide part-time classes in the high schools to prepare more youth for distributive occupations. Some of the classes can be organized on an apprenticeship basis to prepare youth for the time when they open up small stores of their own. That is all I have to say about this subject unless there are some questions.

COOPERATIVE VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF PERSONS DISABLED IN INDUSTRY

Mr RICH. The next item is that dealing with cooperative vocational rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry. You are asking for $1,500,000, which is $91,000 less than the current appropriation. Dr. STUDEBAKER. The justification for that is as follows:

COOPERATIVE VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF PERSONS DISABLED IN

INDUSTRY

The act of June 2, 1920, as amended, provides for the promotion of vocational rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry, or otherwise, and for their return to civil employment, section 531 (a) of the Social Security Act provided additional funds for the fiscal year 1936-37, and authorized an annual appropriation of $1,938,000 thereafter.

The amount appropriated for 1937 was $1,891,000. The estimate for 1938 in the amount of $1,800,000 represents a reduction of $91,000, with the provision that the apportionment to the States shall be computed on the basis of the total amount authorized. This provision is necessary, in view of what is known as the Couzens' amendment, which provides "that such portions of the sums allotted that will not be used in any fiscal year may be allotted in that year proportionately to the States which are prepared through available State funds to use the additional Federal funds." The unexpended balances in any year remain in the State treasuries and the respective amounts are deducted from the allotments for the ensuing year. On the basis of the unexpended balance reported by the States during the fiscal year 1936, it is estimated that $1,800,000 will be sufficient to meet the allotments for 1938.

Dr. STUDEBAKER. We have not discussed vocational rehabilitation. I don't know whether you have any questions that you wish to ask about that program?

The appropriation is the same as it was last year. The program is the same. That is the program of taking those who are crippled and handicapped and helping them to fit themselves for suitable vocations and assisting them in securing satisfactory employment.

Mr. FITZPATRICK. That is a very important part of this vocational training.

Dr. STUDEBAKER. It is. But there is nothing radically changed in the whole program.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

Mr. RICH. For vocational education, salaries, and expenses, the appropriation was $192,000 last year, and your estimate for this year is $264,060. That is an increase of $72,060; but you have consolidated under salaries and expenses in the further development of vocational education for much of the amount of the last year, $73,000; so that would still be a reduction in your overhead. That would be satisfactory.

PROMOTION OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION IN HAWAII

Mr. RICH. We will take up this item for extending to the Territory of Hawaii the benefits of vocational education, $30,000.

Dr. STUDEBAKER. Our justification for that is as follows:

This appropriation provides for cooperation with the Territory of Hawaii in the promotion of vocational rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry or otherwise and their return to civil employment.

Although the act authorizing this appropriation was approved on March 10, 1924, the Territory did not accept the provisions of the act until 1936. The program was inaugurated during that year, but the Office of Education was not notified of the acceptance in sufficient time to include an amount in the regular estimates. A supplemental estimate which was included in the deficiency appropriation bill provided $833 for a portion of the year but was not available until June 22, 1936. The appropriation was made too late to permit the Territory to plan an expenditure, and the Federal funds were not used.

The total amount authorized, $5,000, was appropriated for the current year, and the estimate for 1938 is in the same amount.

Mr. RICH. In Hawaii the amount is $30,000, which is the same as last year.

PROMOTION OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION IN PUERTO RICO

Mr. RICH. The item is for vocational education in Puerto Rico. Dr. STUDEBAKER. The justification for that is as follows:

This appropriation is authorized for the promotion of vocational rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry in Puerto Rico. The act was passed Maren 1951, bat Puerto Rico did not inaug irate its program until 1936. The program was not sutherently organized during that year to warrant an appropriation of funds, however.

The sum of $17,000 was annually appropriated by Puerto Rico in its acccptance act for the purpose of matching funds allotted under the Fe feral act, and for administrative expenses. The rehabilitation program has been established in Puerto Rico and the total amount authorized, $15,000, was appropriate i for 1937. We were advised that they expected to spend the entire amount aproprie ate i, and that they would be prepared to use the total amount authorized during 1938. Our estimate is submitted on the basis of this advice.

SALARIES AND EXPENSES, VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION, OF PERSONS DISABLED IN INDUSTRY

Mr. RICH. The next item is for salaries and expenses, vocational rehabilitation.

Dr. STUDEBAKER. The following justification is submitted:

SALARIES AND EXPENSES, VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION

This appropriation is authorized for the admistration of the act a; proved June 2, 1920, as amet ded, which provides for the promotion of vocation ai realnie tation of persons disabled in industry, or otherwise, and their return to evil employment.

It also provides for the administration of the act approved June 20, 1936, entitied “An act to authorize the operation of star ds in Federal buidit gs by U. d persons, to enlarge the economie opportuitis of the band, and for ott. r pare

Spice these nets are rated, the text of the wt oropt,atii ở valg” cage for as in mistrative e petises under the act of Jue 2, 1920, as al10 desi, has been melbed to ir c'ade the a ‚'.... ritation, for adn.. --teak the a t of date 21, an Estimates of at bropriation were wabnitted 1 r the eurent year 5 der 15. a 1, but were not meaided in the d feteney at bropriatiot, bil tera w of PQUES $ time before the jassa e of that get on June 22, 1955. There has been a ghost who hit of a terest ma, ested in the a itiation of th prian, and ste ta to”;: 1« tions and to estabi h registers o Service Con Pa», 5, an order that abbolt "pent. I.. were availat je, is the meantime, ai odif cation, o, at noptiotare I was sita tied to the Burea of the Belct, reap art.or

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Lae est. ate of $95,000 for 193% represents an is rease of $20:580) over the Station 6 8744205r 1957

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4

One special agent for the blind, P-5, $4,600.-Under general supervision of the Chief of Vocational Rehabilitation, this agent will be required to develop a comprehensive program for the enlargement of the economic opportunities of the blind through their placement in self-supporting occupations; to plan, organize, and direct the work of the service for the blind; to maintain cooperative relationships with State commissions; to direct professional assistants, and carry on research; to organize and conduct field studies of employment opportunities and possibilities for the blind.

To engage in such necessary travel in the field as is required by the aforementioned duties.

One assistant supervisor of service for the blind, CAF-9, $3,200.-Under the Supervisor of the Chief and the Supervisor of the Service:

1 To review and check individual plans for stand locations in Federal buildings, preparatory to approval by the Federal agency concerned;

(2) To organize and supervise the preparation of reports, data, and other information to be published in Braille;

(3) To supervise the collection, digest, indexing, and cataloging of data and information on the operation of stands and occupations for the blind, and the sur plying of such information to individuals and organizations interested in the blind;

(4) To prepare forms, such as agreements, leases, supply contracts, etc., to be used by licensing agencies in licensing blind persons to operate stands; in leasing stand locations in private and public buildings other than Federal buildings; and in providing stocks of articles to be vended.

One principal stenographer, CAF-4, $1,800.-The duties of this office will den and a capable secretary-stenographer. Inasmuch as the act provides that 50 percent of the personnel employed in the administration of this act shall be blind, additional duties and responsibilities will devolve upon this position. other stenographer to be employed in this service will be a blind person.

The

One senior stenographer, CAF-3, $1,620.—This position is to be filled by a hlind person who will be required to take dictation (in Braille, by hand or on Braille machines) on technical matter in the field of vocational rehabilitation and services for the blind, consisting of letters, memos, reports, articles, and bulletins, and the transcription of same on the standard typewriter; typing from dictaphone dictation; filing and general clerical work in the field of service for the blind; writing and trascription of correspondence in Braille, and the keeping of such records in Braille as may be found necessary.and proper.

Noʻe.-- The Office of Education submitted an estimate to cover the administration of the act providing for the operation of stands by the blind which included a total of eight positions. Only four of these positions were approved, and they were included in the estimates in the grades approved, as follows:

After consideration, however, it is necessary to change the plans for administering the act. With the limited staff provided it will be necessary to limit the program in its initial stages to that of establishing the service of licensing and training of blind persons to operate vending stands in public buildings. The classification of positions is affected by this change, and the following positions are now recommended:

This new classification represents a reduction of $240 in the amount previously estimated for personal services. This amount, however, will be required for special equipment for use of the blind members of the staff. It is not known at this time the particular items which will be required, nor the cost, but it is recognized that special consideration and equipment will be necessary to aid them in their office duties.