largest movement of bituminous coal was in 1929 when 503,157 tons were exported to Canada, and the smallest movement in 1938, with only 85,575 tons. Skelp was exported each year except 1931, the average movement for the 10-year period being 18,608 tons. Bunker coal was loaded on ships bound for Canada during 7 years of the period, the average for the 10 years being 1,648 tons per year. Pig and scrap iron and manufactured and rolled forms of iron and steel comprised the remaining exports.

LAKEWISE RECEIPTS

Receipts from other United States Great Lakes ports accounted for over two-thirds of the traffic of Lorain during the period under discussion, the average annual receipts being 3,070,099 tons. As already stated at the beginning of this chapter, iron ore is the major item in the port's traffic. During the decade an average of 2,638,339 tons of iron ore was received each year, accounting for 85.9 percent of the total lakewise receipts and for considerably more than half of the water-borne traffic. Receipts of limestone were reported in 1929, 1930, and 1936, and receipts of stone and screenings (the major portion of which was undoubtedly limestone) were reported in each of the other years of the period, and together accounted for 12.6 percent of the lakewise receipts.

LAKEWISE SHIPMENTS

Shipments from Lorain to United States Great Lakes ports averaged 1,177,388 tons per year during the period, 1,161,870 tons of which consisted of bituminous coal, including an average of 44,666 tons of coal loaded on vessels for bunker purposes. Billets, manufactured iron and steel, and tar composed the remainder of the lakewise shipments.

COASTWISE SHIPMENTS

During the calendar year 1938 there were coastwise shipments to Atlantic ports via the St. Lawrence River, consisting of 1,404 tons of steel billets and 726 tons of steel manufactures. The destination of this traffic is shown in the following chapter of this report.

LOCAL TRAFFIC

Local traffic, that is traffic within the confines of the port or receipts of marine products, averaged 68,950 tons during the 10-year period. Of this amount, 68,336 tons or 99.2 percent was sand and the remainder was fish.

Summary of water-borne commerce of Lorain, Ohio, 1929–38
[Quantities expressed in short tons]

Includes 1,404 tons of steel billets and 726 tons of steel manufactures shipped coastwise via St. Lawrence
River in 1938.

LAKE TRAFFIC MOVEMENTS

The preceding chapter of this report contains a discussion of the -traffic at Lorain during the 10-year period 1929-38 and tables showing the principal commodities and tonnages of traffic handled during each year. In this chapter statistics are presented showing the origin of the lake receipts and the destination of the shipments to lakewise and coastwise points during the calendar year 1938. No attempt has been made to show the rail origin of the traffic shipped from Lorain nor the rail destination of the commodities received at the port for distribution to interior points, since such data are not available to this office and it was deemed inadvisable to request the rail carriers to undertake the additional work and expense necessary to such a compilation. The principal commodities in the 1938 traffic were iron ore and coal. A study of the movement of these commodities on the Great Lakes and to and from the interior receiving and shipping points during the calendar year 1935 is contained in the 1937 revision of the report "Transportation on the Great Lakes," which is No. 1 of the transportation series of reports.

ORIGIN OF RECEIPTS

During the calendar year 1938 lake receipts at the port of Lorain consisted of 29,720 tons of traffic imported from Canada, 2,540,312 tons of traffic from other United States ports on the Great Lakes, and 35,756 tons of sand and fish taken from Lake Erie in the vicinity of the port. Receipts of iron ore from Lake Superior ports totaled 2,182,957 tons, 1,085,292 tons of which originated at Two Harbors, Minn., 866,483 tons at Duluth, Minn., 163,599 tons at Superior, Wis., 47, 090 tons at Ashland, Wis., and 20,493 tons at Marquette, Mich. Stone receipts totaled 277, 800 tons and came chiefly from Calcite, Mich., although Marblehead and Sandusky, Ohio, and Alpena, Mich., also shipped stone to Lorain. Receipts of sand and gravel totaled 68,430 tons, 35,232 tons of which came from Lake Erie and was classed as local traffic, 29,720 tons were imported from Point Pelee, Ontario, and 3,478 tons came from Grand Haven, Mich. Cleveland supplied 31,300 tons and Toledo the remaining 4,467 tons of the 35,767 tons of crude and fuel oil received at Lorain in 1938. Iron and steel scrap originated at Duluth, Minn., Indiana Harbor, Ind., Saginaw, Detroit, and Ecorse, Mich. Pig iron was received from Tonawanda and Buffalo, N. Y.

The following table shows the ports of origin and the amount of traffic contributed by each port to the in-bound tonnage at Lorain