All mice in Table No. 11 were injected subcutaneously on the back with tetanus spores. Some of the mice were injected with quinine at the site of the spore injection at the time of the spore injection or later, and others were injected with staphylococci at the site of spore injection at intervals as long as four months after the spore injection. There should also be included in this table nine mice from Table No. 7, inoculated with viruses Nos. 2, 4, 12, 14, 15, and 912, in which staphylococcus activated tetanus spores in all instances after lying dormant in the mice for 45 and 66 days. Quinine, as shown in Table No. 11, is incapable of activating tetanus spores injected in the manner indicated above even if the quinine be combined with the spores at the time of injection. Mice 17, 18, 19, and 20 of Table No. 11 were each given a single injection of tetanus spores subcutaneously on the back. Each mouse also received on each of the three successive days an injection of one-tenth grain of quinine into the site of his spore injection. The interval in the four mice between his spore injection and his first quinine injection was 0, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days, respectively. Mice 13, 11, and 12 each received one-tenth grain of quinine into the site of his spore injection after a lapse of 17, 25, and 25 days, respectively. Mice 2, 4, 6, and 7 each received three injections of quinine of one-tenth grain each into the site of his spore injection after intervals between 26 and 48 days. In all instances just cited, quinine failed to activate the spores. The amount of quinine injected could not have been increased on account of the danger of its killing the animals. One-tenth grain causes staggering in a mouse weighing fifteen grams and not infrequently kills, as noted in mice 4 and 14. In marked contrast to quinine's total absence of activating power in 12 mice, we find that a single injection of staphylococci into the site of a previous injection of tetanus spores caused tetanus in 20 out of 22 mice. (See tables 7, 11, and 12.) A considerable interval of time elapsed betweeen the injection of spores and the injection of staphylococci. The length of interval and the success or failure in causing tetanus were as follows: An interval of 30 days was followed by 2 successes. An interval between 40 and 66 days was followed by 13 successes. An interval between 90 and 123 days was followed by 5 successes and 2 failures. The data shows that white mice will harbor tetanus spores in their subcutaneous tissue for at least four months, at the end of which time an injection of staphylococci into the site of the spore injection will quite constantly activate the spores to a production of tetanus We have shown that quinine does not activate tetanus spores in a mouse, and that staphylococci do. We will now show that tetanus spores which failed of activation by quinine were later activated by staphylococci. Mice 11, 12, and 13 in Table No. 11 failed to contract tetanus when quinine was injected 25, 25, and 17 days, respectively, after spore injection; and yet a single injection of staphylococci given 123, 123, and 115 days, respectively, after spore injection did cause fatal tetanus in those same mice within 3 days. Mice 6 and 7 in Table No. 11 failed to contract tetanus when three injections of quinine were given between 26 and 44 days after spore injection; yet a single injection of staphylococci given 79 and 88 days, respectively, after spore injection caused fatal tetanus in both within 3 days. Mouse 17 of table 11 failed to contract tetanus when given an injection of quinine at the site of the spore injection at the time of the spore injection and on each of the 2 succeeding days; yet a single injection of staphylococci given into the site of the spore injection 51 days after the spore injection caused fatal tetanus within 2 days. That the six mice just cited died of tetanus was shown not only by the typical symptoms which they presented but also by the results of inoculations made into other mice of the scrapings collected from their sites of injection. Subinoculations showed that as high as 10,000 minimal lethal doses of tetanus toxin for a mouse had been. produced at the site of injection of staphylococci by tetanus spores, which had failed of activation by repeated injections of quinine in almost fatal amounts. The above experiments show that mice injected on the same day and with the same amounts of tetanus spores usually contracted tetanus when injected later with staphylococci, but failed in all instances to contract tetanus when injected with quinine. An injection of staphylococcus following the unsuccessful use of quinine did, moreover, uniformly produce tetanus. Table 12 gives a summary of the results tabulated in tables Nos. 7, 9, 10, and 11, howing t he comparative efficiency of quinine and staphylococci in activating tetanus spores lying dormant in the subcutaneous tissue of guinea pigs and mice. Spores and activator were both injected at the same site. TABLE NO. 12.-Summary of Tables Nos. 7, 9, 10, and 11, showing comparative efficiency of quinine and staphylococci in activating tetanus spores lying dormant in the subcutaneous tissue of guinea pigs and mice, spores and activator being injected at the same site. (a) Guinea pigs injected (on abdomen): Between 30 and 60 days' interval.. E (b) Mice injected (on back): 2 days' interval. 17 days' interval. Between 40 and 66 days' interval. Under heading (a), guinea pigs were found to harbor tetanus spores quite constantly for about two weeks. At the end of 30 days the failures in activating the spores were about twice as numerous as the successes. After 30 days only two successes followed 21 attempts at activation. Under the heading (b), mice were found to harbor tetanus spores quite uniformly for four months. Quinine failed absolutely in all attempts to activate tetanus spores in mice, although the injections of spores and quinine were made into the same site simultaneously or separated by intervals as long as four months. Staphylococci activated tetanus spores in mice in all instances except two; two failures occurred when the injections of staphylococci were made four months after the injections of the spores. The grand totals give quinine 14 successes as against 30 failures and give staphylococcus 27 successes and 16 failures in attempts to activate tetanus spores in the subcutaneous tissues of guinea pigs and mice when spores and activator were injected at the same site. THE EFFECT IN GUINEA PIGS OF THE INJECTION OF QUININE OR STAPHYLOCOCCI ELSEWHERE THAN AT THE SITE OF INJECTION OF TETANUS SPORES. Any activation or nonactivation of. tetanus spores by quinine or staphylococci which has been cited thus far in guinea pigs or mice has followed the injection of spores and activator at the same time or at different times into the same site of the body; in mice both injections were made into the subcutaneaus tissue of the back; in guinea pigs both injections were made into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen or the hind leg. Data will now be submitted upon results obtained in guinea pigs after simultaneous injection of tetanus spores either on the hind leg or on the abdomen and quinine or staphylococcus either on the chest or between the shoulders. All references will be to Table No. 13. |