Dictator of Hungary.
by the Working Classes.
in this place about him.

Received with enthusiasm
I pronounce no opinion
Some say great, good,

noble, others call him a charlatan and revolutionist. This matters not. The question is not so much what a man worships, admires, but as what. Kossuth may be no hero, if you will; but to see those hard-handed sons of toil in Manchester and Birmingham honouring one whom they thought good and noble, when in exile and oppressed: he has little heart indeed who is not touched by it.

Now this kind of Institution fits men for Work. Foolish objection that it incapacitates them for business. The labourer who knows something of chemistry-on what principle soils are composed; why such manures are employed in one case and not in another; according to what laws decomposition takes place is a better labourer than one who knows nothing of all this.

The mechanic who understands the laws of motion, is a better mechanic than the Chinese sort, who can merely follow a copy.

The domestic servant is improved when she understands the reason why certain things are done and why certain results follow.

There is a foolish prejudice against educating

the poor, lest we should fail to get servants or apprentices.

Putting aside the diabolical character of the objection, think of the sacrifice of a human being, that your work may be done or your food made!

Progress means-1. Not to be free from work: envy of ladies and gentlemen false and foolish, if by that is meant persons who have nothing to do but to amuse themselves.-Laws of Humanity.

Greatness.Goodness.

-Only through toil is

muscular strength and health gained. force is got by struggle with difficulty.

Mental

2. Not the obliteration of differences in rank. There can be no doubt that the growth in importance of the labouring classes will alter ranks, making them less exclusive, less bitter to otherswill raise some who are now degraded, &c.

But it betrays an ignorance of human nature to suppose that ranks will ever be obliterated. Superior tastes, capacities, &c., will unite some into a class, and distinguish them from others.

Gradation of ranks bring out various manifestations of our Humanity.-Gratitude. Aspiration.- -Dignity.Respect.

3. Not the obliteration of difference in condition.

Of the many errors entertained by those who have advocated the cause of the Working Man, there are few to be more regretted than the exaggerated importance attached to inequality of condition.

Inequality of condition, so far as it stints the faculties, or cuts off from opportunities of information, it is well to desire should be removed, but in itself it is a trifle. And all this foolish exaggeration fixes the attention on what is external in the condition, as if the equality to be arrived at were the superficial external equality. It is not this that makes real inequality. False vulgar thoughts that because you cannot keep a horse or drive a carriage, therefore you have not your rights.

4. But progress means increased opportunities of developing the heart, the conscience, and the intellect. It is not each man's born right to be as rich as his neighbour, or to possess the soil.

But it is his inalienable right to be permitted to develope all the powers that God gave.

If the labourer live so that the death of a child is welcomed by the thought that there is one mouth the less to feed, he cannot develope his heart-affections.

If he lives in a cottage where brothers and sisters sleep in one room, he cannot develope his conscience.

If he comes home overworn, so that he has no time to read, then he cannot develope his intellect.

Clearly, therefore, define such a social position for the labouring man as shall give him scope enough to be in every sense of the word a MAN. A Man whose respect is not servility; whose religion is not superstition; and whose obedience is not the drudgery of dumb driven cattle.

Until that time come, the Working Classes are not free.

A SPEECH

Delivered at the Town Hall, Brighton, April 24, 1849, at a Meeting of the Inhabitants, called by the Early Closing Association, presided over by the Bishop of Chichester.

THE Resolution which has been put into my hands is," That this meeting, believing that an earlier and more uniform hour of suspension of business would give time to all engaged therein for moral and intellectual improvement, would recommend to all tradesmen the hour of eight o'clock as the hour of closing throughout the year; and pledges itself to make purchases before eight o'clock in the evenings, and to request their servants to do the same."

There is a vast difference between that which is theoretically desirable, and that which is practically possible. Our enthusiasm is frequently corrected by experience. It throws too wild, too sanguine, a hope on the future. But difficulties arise; and that which at first seemed easy, turns out to be at last an impossibility. It is in