2. If the State of Georgia can be made a party defendant in certain cafes, does an action of affumpfit lie against her?

< 3. Is the fervice of the fummons upon the Governor and Attorney General of the State of Georgia a competent service?

4. By what procefs ought the appearance of the State of Georgia to be enforced?'`

The Attorney General, who maintained the affirmative, observed that the conftitution and judicial law are the fources from which the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is derived.

The effective paffages in the conftitution are in the second section of the third article." The judicial power shall extend to controverfies between a State and citizens of another State."-" In cafes, in which a State fhall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurifdiction."

The judicial act thus organizes the jurifdiction, delineated by the conftitution. The Supreme Court fhall have exclusive jurifdiction of all controverfies of a civil nature, where a State is a party, except between a State and its citizens; and except alfo, between a State and citizens of other States or aliens, in which latter case, it shall have original, but not exclufive jurifdiction."

On this ground, he contended that the conftitution vests a jurif diction in the Supreme Court over a State, as defendant, at the fuit of a private citizen of another State: fecondly, That the judicial act recognizes that jurisdiction;' and he argued these points with much ability.-The Court, excepting Judge Iredell, were of opinion that the State was liable, and that an action of affumpfit might be brought against it.

MATHEMATICS, &c. Art. 33. An Introduction to plane Trigonometry, with its Application to Heights and Diftances: containing an Explanation of the three Varieties of right-angled Triangles, and the four Cafes of Oblique, together with a Variety of Questions interfperfed by Way of Exercife. By Richard Cockrel, Teacher of the Free School at Lartington. Small 8vo. pp. 99. 2s, bound. Law.

We can difcern no peculiar excellence in Mr. Cockrel's mode of teaching plane trigonometry which should efpecially recommend it to the public. No advantage feems to accrue from refolving the whole doctrine of right-angled triangles into three varieties, and perplexing the learner with a multitude of different conftructions adapted to the purpose of explaining and applying them. When a fingle figure is fufficient for illuftrating all the cafes of right-angled triangles, why should we recur to a complicated apparatus which ferves to puzzle and confound the youthful mind, and to fuggeft ideas of difficulty that does not actually exift in the fubject itfelf? Plane trigonometry depends on a few obvious principles, and the mode of applying them may be fufficiently explained in a few pages. We can eafily conceive, however, that the author may have availed himself of his own plan, though it be fuch as we should neither adopt nor recommend. While we are difpofed to excufe the partiality of authors to their own performances, we cannot fuffer defects and errors in any department of Science to escape animadverfion: more especially in a work an

6.

nounced

nounced to be fo plain and easy, that, to be comprehended, it needs only to be read,' and defigned to facilitate the acquifition of fo useful a science' as trigonometry. In def. 19. p. 5. the author has not distinguished, as he ought to have done, between a rectangle and a parallelogram. His proof of the 12th propofition depends on a principle which he has not demonftrated; viz. that two triangles, having a common vertex, are as their bases. The definition of the verfed fine, as a space contained between the fine and circumference, &c. in p. 29. is inaccurately expreffed; and his definition of a tangent In p. 30. is obfcure and imperfect. His demonftration of the firft principle in trigonometry, p. 33. is not fufficiently general and comprehenfive, nor indeed, as he has expreffed it, intelligible. To his demonftration of the rule that occurs in p. 75. we have the fame objection; and in p. 78. he has referred to a property of the circle, which he has neither proved, nor even mentioned.

Thefe inaccuracies are owing, we apprehend, more to inattention than to want of competent acquaintance with the fubject. The examples for practice which the author has felected are pertinent and ufeful; and, as we have no reason to doubt his qualification for that branch of inftruction to which this treatife is adapted, we have therefore, without contenting ourselves with a general charge, specified his errors for future correction.

POETRY and DRAMATIC.

Art. 34. Liverpool Odes, or, affectionate Epistles, for the Year 1793. By Junius Churchill, Efq. 4to. 1s. 6d. Leicefter, Oxford-road. Thefe Odes, five in number, are faint imitations of P. Pindar's laughter-provoking Ditties. They are not without humour, but that humour is clownish, and flovenly dreft. The author's fatire is not a keenly polished blade which cuts fmoothly though feverely, but a hedging-bill which hacks and hews in a ruftic manner.

From his first Ode, addressed to the Poet Laureate, and which we deem the best of the five, we give the following ftanzas, as a fpeci

men:

• Dame Fortune's oft depicted blind,
Bestowing favors on mankind,

But zounds, I think the painters highly wrong,
Her eye-fight feems to me, moft clear,
Witnefs, thy hundreds every year,
And ftock of royal favor, for thy song.
Whoever reads thy charming Odes,
Gets knowledge in vaft waggon loads,
A folace for the very worst of woes,
Obfcurity his bofom warms,

And dulinefs lends her leaden charms,
To lull his pungent forrows in a dose.

I've often feen a lingering wretch,
His limbs in racking torture ftretch,

And Doctor ftand, unknowing what to do,
But if he ever wishes fleep,

Upon the invalid to creep,

Let him prefcribe, quantum fufficit-You."

In

In his ode to Charity, the following defcription of a poor poet would be well, if there were not fo many grammatical errors in it • Poor foul! a Poet is a Hare,

For whom is many a fubtle fnare [laid]
By giant critic; like a ftrong nos'd Setter,
He fcents their folitary traces,

And drags them from their lurking places,

Juft as a bailiff collars a poor debtor.'

Ode111., To the Mayor of Liverpool, is the longest and leaft poetical of the whole. Mayors and aldermen have often been the butt of ridicule; not feldom on account of their ignorance. The prefent Mayor of Liverpool, it seems, figns warrants as he figns bills: "R-g-y and Jons:" The firm of the house.

Poet Churchill has his Sir Wm. Chambers too, as well as Poet Pindar. The fourth ode is addreffed to that celebrated Liverpool arabited Mafter John F-f-r: Compared with whom

Sir William Chambers is an ass.

An Afs!! he is a Mite of fmall degree,
Which without Microfcope we cannot fee,
Thou a Rhinoceros whofe ftately fize,

Draws all attention, wonder, and furprize.'

If this writer will continue poetizing, (perhaps he will do better to mind his bufinefs, if he have any,) we would advise him to read some good English Grammar, and not give us fuch conftructions as these :Europa teems her blood-His name a nation's royal breafts adorns-There's many crops of beans-If fame fays true-Aftonishment their intellects tranffix-Thou cries, thou ufurps, thou holds, thou tells, thou damns, thou beBows, thoa boafts, thou curtails, thou lets.-This vile abuse of persons runs through the whole fourth ode. There are other grammatical inaccuracies, not fo flagrant as thefe, which we omit to mention : but to which the author fhould attend.

Art. 35. A Paraphrafe on the Book of Job, agreeable to the Meaning of the facred Text. By E. Elliot, of Rotherham. 12mo. pp. 51. Printed at Rotherham.

Job is doomed to one more difafter, under the friendly hand of a lame verfifier, who debafes the original text by his labours to improve it.

Job is now done into verse in the ftyle of the old pious ballads of Death and the Lady, the Wanton Wife of Bath, &c. with which it may properly travel in the baskets of itinerant venders of literature: "laying apart, (as Sternhold and Hopkins fay,) all ungodly fongs and ballads, which tend only to the nourishing of vice, and corrupting of youth."

MISCELLANEOU 9.

Art. 36. Dumourier unmasked: or, an Account of the Life and Adventures of the Hero of Jemappe. By M de Viette, a French Officer. 8vo. pp. 106. 3s. Owen, &c.

1793.

The author of this pamphlet is not one of the admirers of the Hero of Jemappe: he indeed affigns to the ex-general a very low gradation in the fcale of morality, and allows him but small credit for any talents, except those of intrigue. M. de Viette ferved with Dumourier in the army of the French monarchy, and has fince been oppofed to him in Rev, MARCH, 1794.

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the corps of the French emigrants. He relates many anecdotes which we have before seen, and fome that we do not recollect. Of the fidelity of the reprefentation, we cannot judge. M. de Viette has been, and is, a warm friend to the monarchy of France: M. Dumourier once was its fervant, has fince been its enemy, and is now-we know not what, nor where. The prefent author manifefts a proper spirit in fanctioning his accufations with his name, and he says, Dumourier knows me.' It remains to be feen whether the latter will attempt to vindicate his character, which has lately been fo much" divellicated."

Art. 37. A Collection of Mifcellaneous Amusements; chiefly calculated for the Entertainment and Inftruction of Youth. Partly translated from the German, by the Author of Inftructions to Females, from Infancy to old Age. Vol. I. 12mo. pp. 120. Lowndes, Drury. lane.

The fame good humour, which difpofed us to give as favourable a reprefentation of the Intructions to Females as circumstances would allow, influences us to advise the author of thefe Miscellanies not to venture a fecond volume to the prefs, until the receives pofitive encouragement from the fale of this volume, to juftify the farther risk of paper and print.

Art. 38. Mental Pleafures, or Select Effays, Characters, Anecdotes, and Poems; extracted chiefly from Fugitive Publications, and calculated to improve and entertain the Mind. With occafional Notes and Illuftrations. By the Author of Pleafing Reflections, &c. 12mo. 2 Vols. 5s. fewed. Hamilton.

The fugitive productions of the day will always furnish materials. for induftrious collectors, who may glean up many fmall compofitions too good to be totally loft. From the mifcellaneous contents of these volumes, they can only be characterized in general terms; and that compiler must be very deficient in judgment, who, out of the great variety before him, cannot form a good felection. Such light essays as are here brought together are good reading exercises for young perfons; and may ferve as common-place or text books for writers who only want fubjects.

Art. 39. The Afylum for Fugitive Pieces, in Verfe and Profe, not in any other Collection. With feveral Pieces never before published. Vols. III. and IV. 12mo. 6s. fewed. Debrett. 1793.

In our lxxiiid. vol. p. 390, we introduced the first part of this collection to the notice of our readers; obferving that it contained many valuable effufions of wit, humour, and elegant poetry; and expreffing, at the fame time, a wish that the editor, (as caterer for the public,) had been a little nicer in his choice: fome articles having been admitted into the felection, which, in our opinion, were unworthy of the better part of the company into which they had been introduced.

In our lxxvth. vol. p. 234, we mentioned the second volume of this literary afylum; and on that occafion alfo we deemed it neceffary again to hint that the good-natured felector was rather too easily

*See Rev. New Series, vol. v. p. 112.

pleased:

pleafed: but ftill, on the whole, we were fatisfied that many of the fugitive pieces there preferved had merit enough to entitle them to rank in the best collection of the kind which at that time courted the acceptance of the public.

We are now to notice the third and fourth volumes of the Afylum. Of the third, we can only repeat the limited commendation which had been bestowed on the two preceding volumes. The fourth, however, feems to rife with fuperior claims to a greater degree of approbation. It contains many pieces, both in profe and verfe, for the prefervation of which, in a repofitory of this kind, we think the editor merits fuch encouragement from the public as may induce him to continue the felection, as materials may be fucceffively furnished by the numerous prints of the day, the week, and the less frequent returns of our periodical vehicles of entertainment.

Art. 40. A Letter to a Member of Parliament, from a Land Owner, on the propofed Line of Canal from Braunton to Brentford, 8vo. PP. 38.

19. Bell. 1793.

The obfervations in this letter will apply to navigation canals in general. Refpecting that immediately in queftion, the writer regards it as a noble undertaking, which may be injured or spoiled by conducting it improperly. He objects to its circuitous progrefs, round Uxbridge, by the way of Brentford; and he thinks it no fatisfactory reply when he is told that it cannot be avoided. Not ignorant of the chicanery and artifice attending many ichemes that bear the moft oftenfible character of public utility, he adds, the longer the line, the more the revenue;' and he farther observes,' I believe there is not yet a canal in the kingdom, of which it may not be truly faid that private intereft was the firft, and public good the last, object of the zeal and activity employed in producing it. By private intereft, I mean that emolument which is, unfairly, derived from an oppreffive, unneceffary tax on the public, for the purpose of increafing the wealth of individuals, who have no claim whatever to the gratitude of the public.'-Without an advance of money, fchemes of this nature could not be profecuted; yet it feems highly requifite that the avarice and exertions of adventurers in this line fhould be carefully guarded and reftrained. It is furely very unreasonable and highly oppreffive, if, according to the fuggeftions of this landholder, the public fhould be at the expence of two fhillings and fixpence for tonnage, where fixpence only would be the equitable and proper demand. How far this part of the fubject is juftly and accurately regulated by act of parlia ment, we know not. The pamphlet before us may be ufefully confulted in farther proposals of the kind, whatever its influence may be as to the Braunfton canal.

FAST-DAY SERMON, February 28.

Art. 41. The prefent State of Europe compared with the ancient Prophe cies. Preached at Hackney. By Jofeph Priestley, LL. D. F. R. S. &c. with a Preface containing the Reasons for the Author's leaving England. Svo. is. Johnfon.

Though there is no feditious, there is certainly much alarming, matter in this difcourfe; matter, indeed, which we little expected to And in a fermon by Dr. Priestley: it muft, however, be confeffed

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that,