tained at luncheon by Mr. Gladstone on board the Pembroke Castle at Copenhagen.

The Town Council of Bombay refused to sanction the vote of 50,000 rupees granted by the Municipality for the expense of the public reception of the Duke of Connaught, 2000 rupees being pronounced sufficient. Patrick O'Donnell, the assassin of James Carey, the informer, arrived in England. September 19.-Meeting of the British Association at Southport.

Fatal accident at the meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute at Middlesborough, from the upsetting of a Bessemer converter.

News received from Coomassie of the defeat of Koffee Kalcalli, and his retreat from the capital of Ashantee after great slaughter. September 21.-Arrival at Gravesend of Mr. Gladstone and party in the Pembroke Castle from their Danish tour.

Fatal explosion of rockets at the Woolwich Arsenal.

Release of the ten Strome Ferry rioters imprisoned at Edinburgh in July, under sentence of four months' incarceration. At an entertainment given them by the Rev. Dr. Begg it was announced that a sum had been subscribed by sympathizers sufficient to give each man £50.

September 22.-Reform demonstration at Newcastle in favour of the assimilation of the borough and county franchise. Fifty thousand people were present, and among the speakers were Mr. John Morley and Mr. Bradlaugh.

September 24.-Arrival of Mr. Shaw, the British missionary recently imprisoned by the French at Tamatave.

Arrival of Mrs. Carey and the Crown witnesses from South Africa, to testify in the murder trial of Patrick O'Donnel.

Sale of the furniture of the Orleans Club at Twickenham.

September 25.-The British Consulate at New York fired into by a lunatic.

September 27.-The Bank rate reduced from 3 per cent. to 3 per cent.

Demonstration of Orangemen and Nationalists at Dungannon. The rival speakers, Messrs. O'Brien and J. P. O'Connor, obliged to be escorted to the railway station by the constabulary.

September 28.-Election of Lieut.-Colonel Cowan and Mr. Clarence Smith as sheriffs of London and Middlesex.

September 29.-Election of Alderman Fowler, M.P., at the Guildhall, as Lord Mayor of London.

Appointment of Bartholomew Binns as the common hangman, in succession to Marwood, with a retaining fee of £20 per annum, and £10 for each execution.

Mr. Green, the British Consul at Scutari, fired at by an unknown man while out shooting.

October 1-Miss Booth and her companions of the Salvation Army acquitted of the

charge brought against them at Neuchatel, and set at liberty.

Opening of the pheasant shooting season under favourable auspices.

October 3.-Miners' Conference opened at Manchester to consider the question of wages in various counties and districts. The delegates on the first day represented 154,000 men; on the second, 172,000.

Opening of the Social Science Congress at Huddersfield.

The ceremony of dedicating Burnham Beeches to the public performed by the Duke of Buckingham, as Lord Lieutenant of the county, attended by the Lord Mayor and Sheriff's in state.

New dock and fish market opened by Lord Waveney at Lowestoft.

October 4. Manchester election: Mr. Houldsworth (C.) 18,188-Dr. Pankhurst (L.) 6,216.

First National Apple Congress opened in the Horticultural Gardens at Chiswick. Ten thousand different sorts of apples on exhibition.

Arrival in London of H.R.H. Prince Naresr, the new Siamese Minister to the Court of St. James, and suite. Prince Naresr is the brother of the reigning King of Siam. Four Siamese girls and two young men accompanied the mission, having been sent by the Siamese Government to receive an English education.

UNITED STATES.

September 13.-Arrival of the first Corean embassy to the United States.

September 14.-News of the loss of the steamship Proteus, of the Greely Relief Expedition, in Smith's Sound, on July 23.

Completion of the Central and South American telegraph connecting the United States with Brazil via Mexico. Congratulatory messages exchanged between President Arthur and the Emperor of Brazil.

September 20.-Alleged invasion of Canadian territory by United States soldiers, to arrest deserters from the American army, brought to the notice of the Dominion Government.

September 25.- Bernard Gallagher, recently tried and acquitted in London as a dynamite conspirator, sent to an asylum for inebriates in New York.

John Feeny, an Irishman, arrested for firing two shots into the British Consulate at New York, intending to kill the Consul.

September 26.-General Butler renominated by the Democratic Convention of Massachusetts for the post of Governor of that State.

September 27-National Convention of coloured men at Louisville to discuss the future prospects of the negro race. A resolution adopted by the delegates expressing sympathy with their Irish friends and best

wishes in their efforts to gain their rights in Ireland.

October 1.-Explosion of gunpowder in California; 40 Chinamen and one white man blown to atoms.

October 2.-Organisation of a free trade league at St. Louis, representing the various States of the Mississippi valley.

Announcement of the forthcoming retirement of General Sherman from the command of the United States army, which will be assumed on November 1st by General Sheridan.

October 3.-Destruction of the Exhibition buildings at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, with loss estimated at £200,000. Among the exhibits destroyed was the first locomotive built in America.

FRANCE.

September 11.-Death of Admiral Pierre, at Marseilles, late Commander of the Frenchi Squadron off Madagascar.

September 14.-Decisive French victory over the "Black Flags" in Tonquin announced.

September 21.-Further dispatch of troops to Tonquin.

September 22.-Negro insurrection at Portau-Prince; acts of violence and incendiarism committed, and foreign consulates protected with difficulty by marines landed from the

war vessels.

September 25.-Hostile attitude of the French press and people towards the King of Spain on learning that he had accepted the honorary colonelcy of a Uhlan regiment at Strasburg.

September 29.-King Alphonso's arrival in Paris was greeted by an insolent and hooting mob

September 30.-King Alphonso was called upon by President Grévy, who formally apologised for the hostile demonstration of the mob. The King accepted an invitation to dine at the Elysée Palace.

October 1.-King Alphonso abruptly quitted Paris by early train for Madrid.

October 2.-General dissension in political circles; a Ministerial crisis threatened.

October 5.-Resignation of General Thibaudin, the Minister for War, by request of President Grévy.

October 8.--The Spanish Government asks for the formal publication of President Grévy's apology to the King, and His Majesty's reply, in the form of a diplomatic

circular.

RUSSIA.

September 9.-Consecration of Russian chapel at Copenhagen, in the presence of the Princess of Wales and other royal personages.

September 11.--Sobieski festival at Cracow to celebrate the King of Poland's victory over the Turks at Vienna in 1683.

September 13.-Terrible cattle plague reported in the province of Tobolsk.

September 16.--Violent anti-Jewish riots at Novo Moskovsk. Great destruction of property; 200 families rendered homeless. The outbreak was caused by the report_that a Russian church had been plundered by Jews.

October 5.--Arrest of a number of officers implicated in a political conspiracy at St. Petersburg. Discovery of arms, bombs, and printing apparatus at Charkoff, revolutionary correspondence and publications in cypher, and a dynamite factory in the suburbs of the capital, where 138 naval and 17 military officers were arrested and conveyed to the St. Peter-Paul fortress. An artillery colonel was arrested in Simbirsk on the charge of inciting the peasantry to revolt.

Departure of the Russian frigate Mininch from the Black Sea on a scientific voyage round the world.

GERMANY.

September 13.-Luther festival opened at Wittemberg by the German Crown Prince, who after placing laurels upon the great Reformer's grave, opened the Luther Hall with a speech extolling the Evangelistic creed, liberty of conscience, and religious toleration.

September 21.-Grand review of German troops by the Emperor at Homburg in the presence of three kings, a number of royal princes, and an Imperial suite numbering more than 200 personages.

September 27.-German Autumn Manœuvres closed with a brilliant field-day, at which the Emperor, Crown Prince, King Milan of Servia, and the Duke of Connaught were present.

September 28.-The German Emperor unveiled the National statue of Germania at

Niederwald, on the Rhine.

October 2.-M. Antoine, deputy for Metz, arrested on a charge of treason.

AUSTRIA.

September 12.-Bi-centenary of the deliverance of Vienna from the Turks by Sobieski, inaugurated by the unveiling of a marble tablet on the neighbouring hill of Kahlenberg.

Opening of the new Rath-haus in Vienna by the Emperor of Austria, accompanied by the King of Spain.

September 13.-Revolt in Croatia; conflict between the citizens and the military, in which 20 lives were lost.

September 17.-Panic at Agram, owing to rumour that the peasantry were about to attack the town. Streets and public buildings occupied and patrolled by troops.

September 21.-A mob of 600 peasants, armed with muskets, axes and cudgels, threatened the town of Faskasevinez, and were dispersed with difficulty by the military after ten had been killed and many wounded.

ITALY.

September 16.-Monument to King Victor Emmanuel unveiled at Lodi, in the presence of King Humbert and the civil and military authorities.

September 20.-Commemoration of the entry of Italian troops into Rome.

September 23.-Two violent earthquake shocks at Casamicciola.

and the rest had returned to Littleton Island. The Expedition arrived at Reikiavik September 9.

GREAT progress has been made during the month with the Mersey Tunnel. At the beginning of October only about 500 yards remained to be bored between the headings, and the main tunnels were being rapidly proceeded with.

THE promoters of the Manchester Ship Canal scheme have instructed their engineer and solicitor to prepare the necessary plans and book of reference for the promotion of the bill in the next session of Parliament. The Suez Canal Company have announced a reduction of two shillings per ton on vessels

Sir Auckland Colvin was given a farewell audience by the Khedive, who conferred on him the Grand Cordon of the Order Osmanie, and presented him with a diamond and turquoise pin as a token of his personal regard.

September 21.-Sir Auckland Colvin left Cairo for India.

September 22.-Mr. Edgar Vincent accepted the post of financial adviser to the

of next year, and official aid has been promised in future to stranded steamers. Meanwhile it has been announced in Paris that

the subscription to the Canal funds was entirely covered by October 1. A new Jordan Valley Canal scheme has been proposed within the month, to connect the Gulf of Akabah through the Desert to El-Arish, a point on the Mediterranean about 45 miles from Port Said, 95 miles from Jaffa, and a few miles from the Egypto-Syrian frontier. The total distance of this canal would be about 140 miles, and the rights of M. de Lesseps would not be interfered with by this plan.

October 3.—In reply to the British note concerning the Treaty of Commerce, the Porte positively declined to recognise the claim for "most favoured nation treatment," and refused to agree to any prolongation of the existing treaty. A similar reply was sent of the Italian Embassy. The Customs Commission was at the same time ordered to complete the new tariff with all possible speed.

SCIENCE AND PROGRESS.

DURING the month Mr. Stanley, the African explorer, has succeeded in establishing a line of stations extending from the mouth of the Congo to the Equator, a distance of 700 miles, thus throwing a large tract of country open to commerce.

NEWS have been received by telegram from Baron Nordenskiold of the explorations made by him in the interior of Greenland since July 1, when an ice party, belonging to his expedition, penetrated for the first time to the interior of the island, which was found to be covered entirely with ice. A portion of the expedition, under the command of Dr. Nathorst, visited the north-western coast between Waighattel and Cape York, where the Esquimaux said that two members of the American Polar Expedition had died,

America, was opened for business September 14, and congratulatory messages were exchanged between President Arthur and the Emperor of Brazil.

SOME interesting experiments have been conducted on board the Speedy gunboat at Portsmouth, with a view to supersede the use of the conning-tower on turret vessels. By utilizing the camera obscura, which reflects the position of every ship within range, it is considered possible that the guns in the turrets of ironclads may be directed from a lower deck. On September 21 the most important trial of naval gunnery on record took place off the port of Plymouth, on board the Agamemnon, turret-ship; the object of the trial was to test the accuracy of the gunners and indicate the resisting power of the ship, when the four 38-ton guns with which she is armed were discharged simultaneously, or in rapid succession. The most severe test took place at the close of the day, when all four guns were discharged in concert, loaded with 840 lbs. of powder and 3200 lbs. weight of shot. The effect of the explosion on shore was very great, but on board only a slight concussion was felt.

ON September 29 the trial of the "Lay" torpedo took place on the river Swale near Faversham, in the presence of Colonel Lay the inventor, Mr. Nordenfelt, and two distinguished Turkish officers. The torpedo accomplished the first half-mile in 2 minutes

18 seconds, which was a much higher speed than had been anticipated.

ON September 23 the Guion line steamer Alaska arrived at New York after making the fastest passage on record from Liverpool, in 6 days 21 hours 40 minutes. Meanwhile, in her trial cruise the new Guion steamer Oregon ran from the Clyde to Ailsa Craig and back, and the official report announced a measured speed of 20 knots, or full 23 land miles per hour. She is of 12,382 horse-power, or 3000 horse-power greater than the Alaska. ON September 23 the new electric tramway between Portrush and the Giants' Causeway was opened by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. It is about four times longer than any electric railway yet constructed, and the gradients are very severe, often reaching 1 to 40. The electric current is conveyed to the car by a conducting rail raised on wooden insulated supports about 15 inches from the ground, alongside the line, the electricity being generated by water-power in a neighbouring river. Meanwhile in Paris the tramway electrical experiments referred to in our record last month, have been carried out on the line to Versailles, and several tram-cars have been fitted with Faure's apparatus, and are daily accomplishing the journey in an hour and a quarter, instead of the usual two hours.

THREE sets of magnetic instruments have just been arranged in the basement of the Observatory at Paris; one for registering, the second for direct observation, and the third, composed of the old instruments used by Arago, for comparing the numbers formerly taken.

FROM America the discovery is reported of a new mineral called Adamascobite, remarkable for its rapidity in cutting steel without losing its sharpness.

A NEW process of making gas-pipes from long strips of hemp paper has been reported. The paper being passed through a bath o melted asphalte, and rolled tightly on a core to give it the required diameter, is formed into a tube of sufficient thickness in layers, strongly compressed, sprinkled outside with fine sand, and coated inside with a waterproofing composition. Besides being cheaper than iron, these pipes are said to be stronger and superior in resisting changes of temperature.

THE Commissioners of Inland Revenue have announced that two halfpenny postage stamps may be legally accepted in receipt for payments of and above £2.

THE past month has been a remarkable one in regard to phenomena of nature; almost as much so, in fact, as the period to which we referred last month. The earthquakes at Accra, West Africa, on August 12, and at Java, August 25, were followed by a frightful hurricane at Nassau, New Providence, on September 18, which destroyed many buildings and sixty people on shore,

and wrecked fifty vessels. On September 21 a hurricane visited the Gulf of Finland, driving vessels ashore, and tearing up hundreds of trees by the roots in the vicinity of Reval. On September 23 two strong shocks of earthquake were felt at Ischia, and on the night of September 27 two shocks terrified the inhabitants of Agram. On September 28 a tempest burst over the island of Ischia with extraordinary violence; and on the morning of September 30 a shock of earthquake was felt at Athens. Meanwhile reports have reached England of interesting phenomena in various places. In the Madras and Bombay Presidencies the sun was observed to be of a distinctly green colour, to the great alarm of the superstitious. The strange colour was attributed by the Government Astronomer to the passage across southern India of clouds of sulphurous smoke from the Java volcanoes. At Singapore, on August 26, the working of the telephones on the Ishore line was found to be impossible, owing to strange noises in the wires, though Singapore is nearly 500 miles distant from the scene of the volcanic eruption in the Sunda Straits. At Colombo, on August 27, the sea rose and fell in an unaccountable manner for some hours, and then resumed its normal condition.

ART AND ARCHEOLOGY.

ON September 28 the Emperor and Princes of Germany, the military heroes of the Franco-German war, and about two hundred thousand people, assembled on the height of Niederwald, overlooking the Rhine, near Rudesheim, to attend the ceremony of unveiling the colossal statue that commemorates the founding of German unity in 1870. The memorial is an allegorical figure of Germania in bronze, her face turned towards Metz, one hand on her sheathed sword, the other holding on high the Imperial crown; to the right, on the tier below, is the Herald of War, and to the left the Angel of Peace. The monument was designed by Professor Schilling, the author of the Schiller memorial in Vienna, and one of the most talented sculptors in Germany; and its cost was about £596,000.

ON September 11 a memorial stone was unveiled on the summit of the Kalenberg, near Vienna, to commemorate the delivery of the city from the Turkish sieges in 1683, by Sobieski, King of Poland, and the Electoral Princes of Saxony, Bavaria, Baden, &c.

In England several new memorials are about to be erected. The national statue voted by Parliament in honour of Lord Beaconsfield is ready to be placed in Westminster Abbey. It is of white marble, seven feet high, and represents the late Earl in full Ministerial dress. A life-size statue of John Brown is about to be placed in the grounds of Balmoral, within view from the

castle windows; and memorials are also to be erected to him in the Prince Consort's mausoleum at Frogmore, and in the nave of St. George's Chapel at Windsor.

IN Rome a Commission has been appointed by the King to arrange for the erection of a national monument to Garibaldi on the Janiculum.

A PORTRAIT-MODEL of the Duc de Nemours in full military uniform, has been added to Madame Tussaud's waxwork group of pretenders to the throne of France.

THE work of removing the ruins of the Tuileries has been completed within the past month. The condemned portion of Peterborough Cathedral has been removed, and the foundation-stones of the new piers have been laid in concrete on solid rock; but it is now feared that the two western piers will also be condemned, as their old foundations were laid in loose earth four feet above the rock. In London, the old Chancery Courts in Lincoln's Inn, opposite the Chancery Lane gateway, have been removed, and the ancient chapel of the Inn, which has been restored, is now plainly visible.

The

IN Scotland two historic buildings have been threatened with destruction by fire within the month. On September 14 a fire broke out in Cortachy Castle, fortunately in the more modern portion of the structure, which caused immense damage, and but for the utmost exertions of the firemen, would have destroyed the entire building. damage is estimated at £20,000 in the building, but the loss of the antique furniture and decorations, carvings, &c., is irreparable. The fire is thought to have originated in a defective chimney. The other fire referred to was in the cellar of Holyrood Palace at Edinburgh, underneath the Throne Room; some shavings and combustibles that were stored there became ignited, but the fire was extinguished before serious damage was done.

AN exhibition of ancient and modern coins has been opened at the Imperial Mint at Vienna.

SEVERAL interesting discoveries have been reported within the month. In a little country house at Blankenheim, in Rhenish Prussia, an oil painting has been found concealed behind the wainscot, and proves to be a Raphael which belonged to the Dussel-¦ dorf Gallery about a hundred years ago, but mysteriously disappeared. At Berlin, Marie Antoinette's harp has come to light in an old curiosity shop; it is richly inlaid with ivory, and bears the name of the maker, and its history has been traced since it was carried off as a souvenir by one Fleury, the Queen's valet. From St. Petersburg the discovery has been announced of eighty-one original drawings by Greuze, hidden away in the attic of the Academy of Fine Arts. In the archives of the Indies at Seville, an immense

collection of historic documents connected with the discovery of America has been unearthed and classified, and among them has been found a list of the names of all but two of Columbus's companions in his first voyage. The Italian Government has secured for £200 the archives of the Palla-Strozzi family at Florence, containing more than 500 curious parchments of the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries, chiefly relating to the Papal Court and the Spanish embassies.

A NEW Sword of state for the King of Siam has been made in London, to replace the old weapon which has been handed down from remote ages as the symbol of authority. The blade, which is fifteen inches in length, is inlaid with gold in various tints and curious devices; the handle, seven inches long, is enamelled and studded with diamonds; while the sheath is of wrought gold set with precious stones.

AN admirable etched portrait of Dr. John Brown, the author of Rab and His Friends, has been recently published by the Fine Art Society, of New Bond Street. Mr. Charles O. Murray, who has executed the portrait in his happiest manner, has posed his subject in an easy attitude, resting his right arm upon a table littered with books and MSS., and his treatment of the wonderfully expressive face is thoroughly sympathetic. On the margin is a miniature etching of the head in a slightly different pose, which is even better than the larger portrait.

OBITUARY.

September 9.-At Didsbury, Hugh Birley, Conservative M.P. for Manchester, aged 66.

September 10.-At Brussels, Henri Conscience, eminent Flemish novelist, aged 71. He became a popular song-writer when a mere lad; enlisted in the Belgian army during the Revolution of 1830, and served for six years; then became in turn a gardener, a village schoolmaster, and merchant's clerk, but continued to write poetry and novels in Flemish. In 1838 an anti-French league arose in Belgium, and his novels, which had been hitherto neglected came into vogue and were widely circulated by the league. He was engaged to teach the Flemish language to the Royal children, and received a valuable civil service appointment. Only three weeks before his death a statue was erected in his honour at Antwerp.

In Donegal, the Right Hon. Hugh Law, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, aged 65.

September 11.-In London, Dutton Cook, author and dramatic critic, aged 52. Among his successful novels were Paul Foster's Daughter, Hobson's Choice, A Prodigal Son, and The Trials of the Tredgolds; but he was better known for his volumes of dramatic criticism, A Book of the Play, Hours with the Players, and Nights at the Play.

At Marseilles, Admiral Pierre, late in command of the French naval forces at