ly in our tour of it we should begin with the parish church, so near as to be almost integral with it, and of which the Doomsday-book and the Textus Roffense both have record. It was extensively renovated so late as 1769, but these alterations, especially in the matters of architectural and ecclesiastical art details, were euphoniously condemned as "injudicious treatment," and all but the tower was pulled down and rebuilt in 1851.

The restoration was so capably pushed it was completed in little more than a year, and the church re-opened in 1852 by the Bishop of Winchester, and the voluntary vote of the parishioners, together with other collections, speedily cleared away the £2000 still due on the work. It has long galleries, closely paved and mostly wainscoted, and the western gallery holds a fine organ put there in the reign of Queen Anne. At the bottom of the

is a pleasant place to muse in quite alone on those rare English afternoons when the sunlight steals down through the tiny stained window in the belfry.

The peal of eight bells in the tower is certainly a step in advance of the wooden rattles with which previous to 680 the people were raspingly summoned to public worship. "The English are vastly fond of great noises that fill the air," wrote Hentzner at the close of the sixteenth century, "such as firing of cannon, beating of drums, and ringing of bells;.... it is common that a number of them which have got a glass in their heads do get up into some belfry, and ring bells for hours together for the sake of exercise. Hence this country has been called 'the ringing island.'" There are quaint board records in the church tower of these and other ringings.

In the adjoining church-yard rest the ashes of Bishops Thirlby and Turnstall and several of the primates; and here stands the curiously devised and carved tomb of the Tradescant family, whose united collections of natural history were the beginning of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. It has the following inscription:

"Know, stranger, ere thou pass, beneath this stone
Lye John Tradescant, grandsire, father, son;
The last died in his spring, the other two
Lived till they'd travelled Art and Nature through;
As by their choice collections may appear,
Of what is rare in land, in sea and air,
Whilst they (as Homer's Iliad in a nut)
A world of wonders in one closet shut.
These famous antiquarians, that had been
Both gardeners to the rose and lily queen,
Transplanted now, themselves sleep here, and
when

Angels shall with their trumpets waken men,
And fire shall purge the world, these hence shall

rise,

And change this garden for a paradise."

The church tower stands so close to the Gate-house as to look, from the river, like a larger tower of that fine structure, which, standing on the same site as the earlier one, was built in 1484 by Archbishop Morton, and is known as Morton's Gateway.

Probably neither in England nor in all Europe is there another piece of architect

terers, clerk of the spicery, yeoman of the ewry, bakers, pantlers, yeomen of the horse, yeoman ushers, butlers of wine and ale, larderers, squilleries, ushers of the hall, porter ushers of the chamber, daily waiters in the great chamber, marshal, groom, ushers, almoner, cooks, chandler, butchers, master of the horse, yeomen of the wardrobe, and harbingers. And Philip and Mary gave Cardinal Pole a patent to retain one hundred servants. From all this service we can imagine what great and generous state was kept up at the palace.

Meals were served here (Juxon's Hall) at three tables, the guests and household being seated in order of precedence. "There was a monitor of the hall," says one chronicler, "and if it happened that any one spoke too loud, or concerning things less decent, it was presently hushed by one that cried 'Silence!"--which would be a sensible custom for some fashionable dining salons of to-day. All strangers met with full and gentle courtesy, and were assigned to their appropriate places at the archbishop's "well-spread board."

Sometimes, however, the burden of the hospitality was confessedly felt to be too onerous, as in the primacy of Archbishop Abbot when the High Commission Court sitting for Surrey was held at Lambeth. On every Thursday while its term lasted, the palace was literally filled, the lords assembling there, together with the justices of the whole county. "And besides all this great labor for my servants," says Abbot's own account, "it cost me some £2000 in money; but, I gave them entertainment and sate with them, albeit I said nothing, for the confusion was so great I knew not what to make of it."

Besides consecration banquets, two meetings of the Houses of Convocation adjourned here, once from St. Paul's and once from Westminster, owing to the illnesses of Archbishops Kemp and Whitgift. It was in this hall that the oath giving the royal succession to the heirs of Anne Boleyn was administered to the clergy by Cranmer; here that Sir Thomas More and Bishop Fisher stoutly repudiated it; here that Cranmer and his foe Bonner recriminated when Bonner and Gardiner were called before the primate, deposed, and sent to prison; here that Cranmer himself was sentenced to death. Here, too, in 1554, came the contrasting meet

ing when "the whole body of the reformtainted bishops and clergy were summoned by Archbishop Pole, with Bonner and Gardiner at his side," and were absolved of their heresies, and instructed for their | future course.

Again, some forty years later, was convoked here the equally contrasting assembly, presided over by Whitgift, acting "as a self-constituted body" to draw up the socalled "Lambeth Articles," which were kept in abeyance by Elizabeth. Gradually this hall fell into comparative disuse until 1829, when Archbishop Howley came to the see, and began to repair the palace.

He spent £75,000-half the sum from his own purse-and was careful to preserve whatever was really ancient or of historic interest, but had small scruple in pulling down the "patchwork jumble" that had been barnacled upon it during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Room was thus made for the fine modern buildings of the architect Blore's construction, which reach eastward into the gardens and front on the inner court-yard.

Howley fitted up the hall with bookcases and reading alcoves, to receive the valuable library of ecclesiastical and theological history, exquisitely painted works of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, art treasures in illuminated MSS. and missals now stored there, and the series of archiepiscopal registers from A.D. 1279 to 1747, entire but for a single break of twenty-seven years between 1322 and 1349, comprising the registers of four archbishops, supposed to have been transferred to Rome. Since the time of Archbishop Potter this series of registers has been kept at Doctors' Commons.

Lambeth Palace had no public library before the seventeenth century, when Archbishop Bancroft began to gather one, and at his death left the whole of his fine collection for the use of his successors forever, and so wisely protected this bequest in his will that it could not, in any of the violent changes that followed, be averted from its lawful heirs. Abbot, Secker, Cornwallis, and other primates added their books to the generous gift of Bancroft, and in 1826 there were 25,000 volumes. They were, of course, "learned, rare, and curious works ;" and besides ecclesiastics and polemics, English history and topography with some wonderful embellishments, and romance, poetry, and general literature.